白三叶草黄酮含量及其抑菌活性研究

测定了白三叶草提取物的石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相和水相的黄酮含量,并以大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌5种细菌及可可葡萄座腔菌、尖孢镰刀菌、腐皮镰刀菌、多主棒孢霉和尖孢炭疽菌5种真菌为供试菌,采用抑菌圈法和抑制菌丝生长速率法测定了其抑菌活性。结果表明:石油醚相的黄酮含量为12.98 mg/g(12.98%),氯仿相的黄酮含量为13.89 mg/g(13.89%),乙酸乙酯相的黄酮含量为7.4 mg/g(7.4%),水相的黄酮含量为1.5 mg/g(1.5%);石油醚相对5种细菌无明显的抑制作用,氯仿相对普通变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌有抑制作用,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为2 mg/m L和8 mg/m L;乙酸乙酯相对枯草芽孢杆菌、普通变形杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌的有抑制作用,其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为4,4和8mg/m L,仅水相对5种供试菌株有不同程度的抑制作用。氯仿相和乙酸乙酯相对5种真菌均具有抑制作用,氯仿相对5种供试真菌的抑制作用没有明显差异,其EC50分别为3.54、6.42、8.45、3.63和5.90 mg/m L;乙酸乙酯相对多主棒孢霉的抑制抑制作用最强,EC50为2.51 mg/m L,对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制作用最弱,EC50为165.43mg/m L,石油醚相和水相对5种真菌均无抑制作用。     

赤水撑绿竹根腐病菌室内药剂筛选

采用生长速率法和悬滴法测定了8种常用杀菌剂对赤水撑绿竹Bambusa pervariabilis×dendrocalamopsis daii根腐病病原菌尖孢镰孢菌Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制作用,并测定了杀菌剂对尖孢镰孢菌的毒力。结果表明,各杀菌剂对菌丝生长和孢子萌发有不同程度的抑制作用,其中70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS能很好地抑制菌丝生长,而70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS、70%甲基硫菌灵WP、10%苯醚甲环唑WG对孢子萌发有较强的抑制作用,抑制率均在80%以上。对菌丝生长与孢子萌发均有明显作用的杀菌剂为70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS。毒力测定结果表明,70%敌磺钠WP、3%广枯灵AS对尖孢镰孢菌的毒力最高,其EC50分别为0.072 5,0.112 6μg/mL、其次为70%甲基硫菌灵WP和10%苯醚甲环唑WG,其EC50分别为7.8216,7.318 7μg/mL。其余几种药剂的毒力较差。8种药剂的相关系数均在0.98以上,药剂浓度与抑制作用呈正相关。     

生防菌对杧果主要病害病原菌室内抑菌试验

为筛选对杧果重要病害有良好防效的生防菌,选用前期得到的7种生防菌和市售11种生防菌剂对刺盘孢属Colletotrichum、链格孢属Alternaria、镰孢属Fusarium的27个病菌菌株进行室内抑菌研究,并引入热图对抑菌效果进行可视化展示。结果表明:对刺盘孢属病菌,生防菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌S3的抑制效果最好,平均抑菌率达36. 77%,其次是生防菌剂巨大芽孢杆菌S6和枯草芽孢杆菌FCK;对链格孢属病菌,生防菌6a-3抑菌效果最好,平均抑菌率达28. 63%,其次是生防菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌S3和生防菌枯草芽孢杆菌FCK;对镰孢属病菌,生防菌剂枯草芽孢杆菌S3的抑制效果最好,平均抑菌率达50. 95%,其次是枯草芽孢杆菌FCK。     

西双版纳香荚兰镰刀菌种的研究

对西双版纳香荚兰种植园香荚兰根腐病组织和蔓、叶感病组织分离到的１３９个镰刀菌菌株进行系统观察鉴定,结果根部１２０个分离菌株中,尖孢镰刀菌Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ占８２．５％,腐皮镰孢Ｆ．Ｓｏｌａｎｉ占１３．３％,串珠镰刀菌Ｆ．ｍｏｎｉｌｉｆｏｒｍ占３．３％,木贼镰刀菌紧密变种Ｆ．ｅｑｕｉｓｅｔｉＶａｒＣｏｍｐａｃｔｕｍ占０．８％。蔓、叶１９个分离菌中Ｆ．ｏｘｙｓｐｏｒｕｍ占８９．４％,Ｆ．Ｓｏｌａｎｉ占５．３％,Ｆ．ｅｑｕｉｓｅｔｉ占５．３％。尖孢镰刀菌是为害香荚兰的优势种;木贼镰刀菌、木贼镰刀菌紧密变种、串珠镰刀菌侵染香荚兰尚属首次报道。     

兰花致病真菌拮抗细菌的筛选与鉴定

[目的]为获得高效拮抗3种兰花病原真菌胶孢炭疽菌、尖孢镰孢菌和腐皮镰孢菌的菌株。[方法]使用平板对峙法筛选拮抗菌株,结合形态特征观察、生理生化试验和16S rRNA基因序列分析的方法对目的菌株进行鉴定。[结果]筛选获得5株同时拮抗三种病原菌的菌株,其中菌株GT312拮抗效果明显。16S rRNA基因序列分析显示,该菌株与Bacillus amyloliquefaciens(模式菌株FZB42T)相似性最高,为99.93%。菌株形态特征观察、生理生化试验结果与B.amyloliquefaciens描述一致。[结论]菌株GT312可同时拮抗3种兰花病原真菌,鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌,为兰花病害的生物防治提供了菌株资源。     

抑制杨木变色生防细菌的筛选及其发酵培养条件优化研究

2006 ～ 2008年,从苏鲁两省的严重变色杨木上分离筛选得到8株对杨木变色菌可可球二孢和弯孢有较强抑制作用的枯草芽孢杆菌,通过拮抗细菌的筛选,分析了该菌株的摇床液体发酵最适条件,建立了其生长曲线.结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌B19对可可球二孢和弯孢2种变色菌的抑制效果最好,其最佳发酵条件是培养时间为46 h,pH值为6,培养温度为35℃,摇床转速为200 r/min,装液量为50 mL.在该参数下培养出的枯草芽孢杆菌B19细菌液对可可球二孢和弯孢的抑制效果最佳.     

蓝莓根腐病生防细菌的筛选与鉴定

为了利用生物防治技术控制蓝莓根腐病的发生与流行,采用平板对峙法测定从蓝莓根围土壤中分离的纯化菌株对蓝莓根腐病原菌尖孢镰刀菌Fusariun oxysporun的抑菌活性。筛选出10株有拮抗作用的细菌;B6,B7,B9菌株对尖孢镰刀菌的抑制率依次为83.89%,82.44%,79.39%;选择抑菌率较高的B6,B7,B10菌株在温室内盆栽蓝莓幼苗上测定其抑菌作用,B6菌株抑菌效果最好,发病率仅为13.3%;结合形态特征和16S r DNA序列分析进行拮抗细菌的鉴定,10株拮抗细菌均属于芽孢杆菌属Bacillus。B2、B10为解淀粉芽孢杆菌B.amyloliquefaciens,B3为解淀粉芽孢杆菌亚种B.amyloliquefaciens subsp.,B4为枯草芽孢杆菌B.subtilis,B5、B6为暹罗芽孢杆菌B.siamensis,B7为贝莱斯芽孢杆菌B.velezensis,B8为特基拉芽孢杆菌B.tequilensis,B9为枯草芽孢杆菌亚种B.subtilis subsp.。     

外源添加微生物对连栽木麻黄幼苗生长的影响

为缓解木麻黄连栽障碍问题,以木麻黄幼苗为研究对象,种植于木麻黄不同连栽代数盆栽土壤中,外源添加解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)、伯克氏菌(Burkholderia)和尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum),测定木麻黄幼苗株高、叶绿素含量、植物酶活变化等生长指标。结果表明:解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理后,盆栽木麻黄生长量三个代次分别提高46.51%、19.10%、1.73%,叶绿素含量、植物酶活变化不明显;施加伯克氏菌后,盆栽木麻黄株高月增量三个代次分别提高42.63%、22.47%、3.90%;施加尖孢镰刀菌后,盆栽木麻黄株高月增量三个代次分别提高45.73%、8.99%和降低22.51%,叶绿素含量三个代次的变化分别为增加81.96%、增加66.50%、降低2.36%。研究表明,解淀粉芽孢杆菌和伯克氏菌处理能促进盆栽木麻黄幼苗的生长,但随着连栽代次的增加,促进作用减小。     

5种杀菌剂对井冈山毛竹菱斑病的室内毒力试验

采用生长速率法,对毛竹菱斑病的5种病原真菌进行了室内毒力试验,结果显示,福美双和农抗120对该病的病原菌无明显抑制效果,多菌灵和甲基立枯灵对尖孢镰刀菌、甘蔗节菱孢菌、赤霉病菌和炭角菌属菌均有较好的抑制效果,而噁霉灵对链格孢菌具有中等强度的抑制效果。     

西双版纳香荚兰炭疽病病原鉴定

对西双版纳香荚兰上分离到的１８个炭疽菌菌样进行种的鉴定,结果盘长孢状刺盘孢ＣｏｌｅｔｏｔｒｉｃｈｕｍｇｌｏｅｏｓｐｏｒｉｏｉｄｅｓＰｅｎｚ．为１２个菌样,兰科刺盘孢Ｃ．ｏｒｃｈｉｄｅａｒｕｍＡｌｅｓｃｈ．为６个菌样。     

PF7-5对烟草角斑病的室内及大田防治效果

为验证荧光假单胞杆菌PF7-5对烟草角斑病的生物防治效果,设计了荧光假单胞杆菌PF7-5对烟草角斑病菌的室内和大田抑菌试验。结果表明,室内试验中荧光假单胞杆菌PF7-5代谢产物对烟草角斑病的抑菌效果达到71%,大田试验中PF7-5活菌的50倍稀释液田间防治效果达87.34%,说明荧光假单胞杆菌PF7-5对烟草角斑病有一定的防治效果。     

Influence of Microbial Inoculations on Cedrus deodara in Relation to Survival,Growth Promotion and Nutrient Uptake of Seedlings and General Soil Microflora

Abstract

Selected microorganisms (Laccaria laccata, Trichoderma viride, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas corrugata and Azotobacter chroococcum) were used as inoculants to study their influence on seed germination, seedling survival and subsequent growth in Cedrus deodara. The microbial inoculations positively affected these parameters over control, in the following order: Azotobacter chroococcum Pseudomonas corrugata Bacillus subtilis Trichoderma viride Laccaria laccata.The major cause of seedling mortality was found to be (1) wilting of emerged seedlings by Fusarium oxysporum, and (2) cutworm attack. Bacterial inoculations were found to be superior in suppressing the proliferation of Fusariumsp., thereby enhancing seedling survival. One of the bacterial inoculants, B. subtilis, resulted in 76% seed germination, compared to 54% in control. Though inoculation with L. laccataresulted in maximum mycorrhizal infection (up to 72%) compared to48%in control seedlings, it afforded least protection against Fusariumsp., as well as minimal growth promotion. On the other hand, inoculation with T. viridesignificantly controlled wilting of seedlings and improved plant growth. Microbial inoculations were found to influence the soil microflora, nutrient status of the rhizosphere soil and that of different parts of seedlings. Enrichment of carbon was recorded in the rhizosphere soil. Enhanced nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of various plant parts indicated a positive influence also on nutrient uptake. The present study has implications for large scale forestry programs.     

木霉菌对松枯枝病的抑制作用

为探明绿色木霉和哈茨木霉的提取物对松枯枝病的抑制作用机制,通过绿色木霉（Trichoderma viride）和哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）提取物对松枯枝病病原菌（Cenangium ferruginosum Fr.）进行平板表面涂抹法和混合培养基法抑制生长试验,观察松枯枝病病原菌生长情况,结果表明,2种木霉菌的提取物对松枯枝病病原菌均有抑制作用,且效果比较明显,抑制效果最佳的为绿色木霉,病原菌的被抑制率达53.54%,混合培养基法中哈茨木霉菌20%提取物对枯枝病原菌的抑制率高达31.67%。     

杨树解磷细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌和荧光假单胞菌发酵罐扩繁条件优化

对杨树高效解磷细菌蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)JYZ-SD1和荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)JW-JS1在3L发酵罐里发酵条件进行优化。结果显示这两株解磷细菌在72h内都是接种量20%、转速400 r/min、通气量100ln/h条件下菌体生长量最大。为将这两株杨树根际解磷细菌更高效、更大量的扩繁提供参考依据。     

杨树重要病害生物防治初探

自然界各种微生物生活在一起,成为复杂的群落。它们相互促进、制约,构成生物体的生态平衡。在森林病害防治中,利用益菌控制病菌的生存和活动,达到生物防治的目的。为了寻求这一新途径,在1982—1984年,对4种杨树重要病害进行了生物防治探索,从筛选和防病上作了研究。     

Antibacterial activity of seed proteins of Robinia pseudoacacia

A low molecular weight cationic peptide was isolated from Robinia pseudoacacia seed and tested in vitro against seven bacteria (Corynebacterium michiganense, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae, Xanthomonas campestris pv campestris, and Escherichia coli). The peptide inhibited the growth of the tested strains. The effective concentrations required for 50% inhibition of bacterial growth ranged between 20 and 120 microg ml(-1) protein. S. aureus was found to be the most sensitive strain, however, E. coli was not affected much when compared with others. Reduction of antibacterial activity of the peptide with CaCl2 addition into the growth medium was also observed.     

Antimicrobial activity of Bridelia ferruginea leaves extracts

Methanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaves exhibited significant activity against Pseudomonas frutescens, Bacillus subtilis, Echerichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis.     

Antimicrobial activity of Gymnema sylvestre leaf extract

The ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre leaves demonstrated antimicrobial activity against Bacillus pumilis, B. subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus and inactivity against Proteus vulgaris and Escherichia coli.     

Antimicrobial activities of Alchornea cordifolia

The antimicrobial properties of methanol extracts of Alchornea cordifolia leaves, stem and root barks were investigated. The most active leaf extract was separated by PTLC into 32 fractions which were submitted to further phytochemical and antimicrobial screening. Some fractions, notably those containing phenolics and terpenoids, exhibited significant activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli.     

诱导和非诱导条件下喙尾琵甲幼虫抗菌肽分离及抑菌活性比较

对混合菌液诱导和非诱导处理的喙尾琵甲幼虫抗菌肽进行了分离纯化及抑菌活性比较。结果显示:诱导组和非诱导组粗提物无抑菌活性,但是经凝胶色谱分离后,从非诱导组获得组分DZP1,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌表现出抑制作用;从诱导组获得组分YDP1,对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、绿脓杆菌具有活性,且YDP1活性明显强于DZP1;Tricine-SDS-PAGE检测表明DZP1和YDP1组成、种类基本一致,主要由20 kD以下分子量的小肽组成。研究结果表明:喙尾琵甲幼虫在诱导和非诱导条件下均可分离到具有抑菌活性的抗菌肽,菌液诱导可增强抗菌肽的活性和抑菌谱。