观赏番茄栽培技术研究

观赏番茄是一种新型的观赏性蔬果类植物,具有较强的观叶性和观果性;采用三种栽培方式和四种营养液配方的相互配合处理,对观赏番茄进行栽培技术的研究。结果表明:观赏番茄采用无土栽培方式宜使用高浓度的营养液配方,采用土壤栽培方式宜使用偏低浓度的营养液配方;居室栽培观赏番茄宜采用以陶粒为基质的无土栽培方式,并使用偏高浓度的营养液配方。     

广东万年青无土栽培营养液配方筛选试验

本试验选用陶粒作为栽培基质,选用霍格兰配方、日本园试配方、观叶植物营养液配方、调整配方1和调整配方2五种不同的营养液配方,以土培、自来水培和MS营养液培为对照,初步探讨了营养液配方对广东万年青生长的影响,为水培广东万年青提供科学依据和可行性指导。     

不同栽培基质对吊兰气孔参数的影响

通过对营养液水培、陶粒浇灌营养液、珍珠岩浇灌营养液、蛭石浇灌营养液、土培5种栽培条件处理下吊兰气孔参数的研究,结果表明,试验中所观察的吊兰叶片气孔呈圆型或椭圆型,保卫细胞半月形。靠近叶尖和叶中部位的气孔分布较叶缘和叶基的多,叶基部位气孔分布相对较少,从叶基到叶尖气孔密度逐渐增大,表现为：叶尖〉叶中〉叶基。不同栽培基质中吊兰叶片中段下表皮气孔参数相比较：土培处理的叶片中段气孔指数最大为41．63％,极显著地高于蛭石浇灌营养液、营养液水培、陶粒浇灌营养液处理;土培单个气孔面积最小,为896．98μm^2,极显著地低于蛭石浇灌营养液、营养液水培、陶粒浇灌营养液处理。     

不同二氧化碳浓度与栽培方式对番茄生长的影响

以"莎丽"番茄为试材,通过温室内增施CO2,比较了负水头营养液灌溉、基质栽培和土培3种栽培方式对番茄生长发育、产量及对营养液利用效率的影响。结果表明:较高浓度CO2可以增加番茄的株高、茎粗和叶片数,提高叶片的相对叶绿素含量,促使开花期和成熟期提前,增加干物质积累,提高营养液利用效率并使果实增产,降低根冠比;在栽培方式上,土培番茄生长发育前期势头良好,随后基质栽培和负水头供营养液栽培要好于土培,后二者之间的差异很小。     

巨鹫玉和金盛球两种仙人球静置水培适应性及营养液配方的研究

 选用4 种营养液配方栽培巨鹫玉( Ferocactus horridus) 和金盛球( Echinopsis calochlora) 两种仙人球, 以泥炭/ 河沙混合基质栽培为对照。结果表明: 经100 d 种植, 供试的仙人球在这4 种营养液配方静置水培中均能正常生长, 而且生长速度显著大于基质栽培或与之相当; 在4 种营养液配方中, 巨鹫玉在完全硝态氮的配方处理中球体质量的增加比基质栽培的快1 倍以上, N、P、K的吸收量也显著高于其它含有铵态氮配方的; 而金盛球在所有营养液配方中生长量均显著高于基质栽培, 球体质量增长量超过基质栽培的1 倍以上, 4 种配方间无显著差异。水培仙人球是促使球体快速增长的良好栽培方式。     

樱桃番茄水培肥料配方试验

采用６种肥料配方进行了２年共３茬在樱桃番茄水培试验,结果表明,５号配方处理的樱桃番茄表现茎粗,开展度大,总节数多,植株生长势强,产量高,品质好,较适宜作樱桃番茄水培专用肥。对水培与土培樱档番茄果实ＮＯ２的含量进行分析比较,结果５个水培配方处理果实的ＮＯ２含量低于土培,初步认为水培并不会合蔬菜产品ＮＯ２的含量升高。     

营养液EC值对基质栽培番茄 产量和品质的影响

为探索营养液EC值对基质栽培番茄产量和品质的影响,在番茄植株第3穗果坐住后,设置不同的营养液EC值进行灌溉。结果表明:高EC值营养液灌溉抑制植株生长及产量形成,随着EC值的提高,番茄植株株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、坐果数、单果质量、产量明显降低,4.0、5.0 mS/cm高EC处理667 m~2产量较对照3.0 mS/cm分别降低35.6%和42.2%;番茄果实的VC、可溶性糖、可溶性固形物含量及糖酸比显著提升,但5.0 mS/cm处理可溶性糖及糖酸比显著低于4.0 mS/cm处理。综合分析,EC值4.0 mS/cm的营养液适合番茄成株期生长,且有利于提高其品质,适用于高品质番茄栽培。     

三种观赏植物水培营养液配方初步研究

采用不同配方的营养液对彩叶凤梨、小叶榕和天竺葵进行了水培试验.结果表明:3 种植物对不同配方营养液有不同的适应性,大量元素为11.5 mg/L(以下单位同)NH4 -N 140.2 NO3--N 93.0 P 312.0 P 80.0 Ca 18.3 Mg 45.0 S的营养液(pH 6.12,EC 为1.32 ms/cm)较适合彩叶凤梨和小叶榕的生长,而天竺葵在大量元素为21.0 NH4 -N 137.2NO3--N 44.5 P 265.2 K 92.0 Ca 36.0 Mg 48.0 S的营养液(pH5.60,EC 为 1.35 ms/cm)中生长最好.     

营养液中不同氮素水平对基质栽培番茄产量和品质的影响

以荷兰温室园艺研究所的番茄无土栽培营养液配方为对照,改变营养液中的氮素(N)浓度及营养液的电导率(EC)值,第1阶段设置3个N浓度处理,分别是184.8(HN)、123.2(LN),154.0(CK)mg/L,确立N浓度后,第2阶段分别设EC 1.5(T1)、2.5(CK)、3.5(T2)、4.5(T3)mS/cm 4个处理,研究了其对基质盆栽番茄的生长发育、果实产量与品质的影响。结果表明:营养液中不同N浓度对番茄的株高、茎粗等与生长有关的要素没有显著影响,而单株番茄产量和平均单果重以LN处理的最高。LN营养液的不同EC值对番茄株高、茎粗没有显著影响;EC值1.5mS/cm时番茄具有最高的单株产量,而营养生长期叶绿素值以EC值4.5mS/cm时为最高。番茄果实的可溶性糖含量、维生素C含量及总酸度均以EC值4.5mS/cm时为最高。     

不同营养液对2种竹芋生长指标的影响

随着花卉在景观的应用越来越广泛,其受到人们越来越多的关注,原有的土培花卉已无法满足市场的需求。以研究探讨竹芋水培的可行性为目标,选用4种配方营养液进行竹芋幼苗生长的试验,研究不同配方营养液、不同生长环境下竹芋的若干生长及生理特征的变化。结果表明:2种竹芋在Ⅱ号营养液中生长良好,这表明Ⅱ号营养液更适合竹芋生长,为竹芋的家庭水培栽植和工厂化生产提供参考。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

Ergebnisse der Leistungsprüfungen der Süßkirschensorte ‚Stella‘ auf Gisela- und Weiroot-Unterlagen in Bulgarien

Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.