东北虎近交的探讨及效果观察

在我国有不少动物园开展了东北虎的近交工作,但如何确保近交的成功,避免近交衰退,关键的问题是正确选择种虎,合理运用各种近交形式,绝不能盲目近交。大连动物园在采取各种有效近交措施的情况下,近交后代的近交系数高达31.25%时,外观上没有见到任何衰退现象,近交虎仔成活率达80%以上。有关东北虎近交的适宜程度及近交衰退的可能性,有待今后进一步探讨。     

东北虎的人工哺育

无论是人工哺乳,还是自然哺乳。东北虎幼仔的成活率都是亟待解决的问题。特别是野生东北虎已濒临灭绝的今天。研究如何提高人工哺乳技术,合理的配合日粮,加快东北虎园养繁殖的数量,更具有非常重要的现实意义。我们在总结国内人工哺乳经验的基础上,对人工哺育东北虎幼虎的日粮配方进行了初步的探讨。首先,应用了母牛初乳代替母虎的初乳,以奶牛厂纯质牛奶,代替市场上的零售袋奶。并在哺乳的全过程中,注重了日粮的全价配比,特别是多种维生素和矿物质的添加,收到了明显的效果,使人工哺乳的三只幼虎全部健康成长,成活率达到百分之百。现将材料总结如下。     

东北虎难产助产

东北虎难产助产刘胜瑞，李庆国，李志庚，刘玉文魏宏义，张丽华（辽宁省锦州畜牧兽医学校）（锦州市北湖公园）东北虎难产病例较为罕见。虎是凶猛野兽，难于接近，一旦发生难产，助产比较困难。１９９１年９月７日我们对锦州市北湖公园一例东北虎难产进行了助产，取得了满...     

东北虎血清蛋白的分析

用日本产全自动凯氏定氮仪对８只人工饲养东北虎血清蛋白含量进行了测定，其结果是总蛋白合量为７．３６±１．２６ｇ／１００ｍｌ．清蛋白为４．６５±０．３３ｇ／１００ｍｌ球蛋白为２．７１±１．３１ｇ／１００ｍｌ．本文首次报道了东北虎血清蛋白的参考生理值，为东北虎多方面研究和应用提供了科学依据。     

聚焦东北虎

东北虎作为一种化现象，曾经有过辉煌，也有过无奈。当历史走进新的千年的时候，东北虎迎来了新的曙光，受到了空前的关注。     

东北虎流产及保胎措施

1998年6月11日,长春动植物公园母虎延春流产1只仔虎,待发现时,仔虎已死亡.经该公园领导与国内知名的专家联系,并成立该公园一个由兽医、饲养技术人员、饲养员组成的救护队,对母虎延春实行24 h特殊监护.救护队几经研究,查明流产后的母虎子宫内存有活胎儿后,决定对母虎实行保胎措施,使母虎流产后的20天,顺利产出3只健康仔虎.关于母虎部分流产后,余下的活胎儿按期产出的情况,在国内尚未见报道.现报告如下.     

东北虎先天性膈疝

东北虎先天性膈疝叶冬青，周诗其（华中农业大学畜牧兽医系）膈疝是腹腔脏器经横膈膜上的缺损进入胸腔所致的一种疾病。此病可分为先天性和后天性两种，在野生动物少见，而在虎中更为罕见。笔者曾遇见东北虎先天性膈疝一例，现报道如下。１．病情概况东北虎，雄性，５岁，...     

东北虎相残行为初步分析

东北虎相残行为初步分析刘丽（深圳野生动物园）引言东北虎（Ｐａ，ｌｌｈｅ；·ａｔｉｇｒｉｓａｌｔａｉ’ｃ．ａＴｅｍｍｉｌｌｃｋ）是具有独居生态习性的动物。深圳野生动物园作为全国第一家野生动物园在对东北虎的饲养方式上做了大胆的尝试——对虎以群居方式来进行...     

Endoparasites of the Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

There have been few reports on the diversity and prevalence of parasitic fauna of the endangered Siberian tiger, which inhabits the territory of the Russian Far East. The present review attempts to summarize the information about the parasitic fauna of wild Siberian tigers, which includes 15 helminths and 3 protozoan species. The most prevalent parasitic species was found to be Toxocara cati, followed by Toxascaris leonina. Another commonly recorded Platyhelminth species is Paragonimus westermani, which causes a lethal infection of the lung parenchyma in Siberian tigers. However, the information about infections by this fluke in the Siberian tigers is scarce, although P. westermani infections pose a serious health hazard to tiger populations. The nematodes Aelurostrongylus abstrusus and Thominx aerophilus are found in Siberian tigers with an occurrence rate of 2.3% and 19%, respectively. The information on the parasitic infestations of captive populations of Siberian tigers is also presented along with the sources of infection and hazards for the wild tiger populations in their natural environment.     

东北虎主要消化腺的组织学研究

通过光镜对东北虎主要几种消化腺的H.E染色石蜡切片进行观察,结果表明,东北虎肝小叶间的结缔组织不发达,小叶的界限不清晰,肝细胞体积较大,核位于细胞一侧,肝细胞多呈索状排列,窦状隙不明显;胰腺外分泌部由腺泡和导管组成,腺泡形状不一,由单层锥状腺上皮细胞组成,胰岛是一些大小不等的细胞团和细胞索,分散于外分泌部之间,胞质染色较外分泌部浅;腮腺为纯浆液腺泡,胞质着色呈嗜酸性,颌下腺是以黏液性细胞为主,含少量的浆液性细胞半月。     

日粮和管理对东北虎血液指标及免疫功能的影响

从营养和管理方式均不同的两组东北虎群中各选5只体型适中的成年雄性东北虎作为研究对象，其中笼养组以纯肉为日粮，散养组以混合饲料为日粮。麻醉后采集静脉血，测定血液中各项生理生化指标，外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应，以及血清中白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的含量。结果：散养组外周血淋巴细胞增殖性反应显著高于笼养组（P〈0．05）；血清尿素、肌酐、淀粉酶、谷丙转氦酶、谷草转氦酶等指标在两组间差异显著（P〈0．05）：全血红细胞计数、白细胞计数、血红蛋白含量、血清蛋白、甘油三酯、总胆固醇等指标组间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结果显示：营养和管理方式对东北虎某些血液指标产生影响，混合日粮和散养方式更有利于维持东北虎的正常免疫机能和健康。     

笼养东北虎的繁殖研究

对济南动物园笼养的1雄2雌东北虎2006和2007年的繁殖情况进行了研究。从笼养东北虎的饲养环境、发情交配、妊娠分娩、自然育幼、人工育幼及各阶段存在的问题,对笼养东北虎的繁殖进行了详细分析,同时提出了应采取的相应手段和措施,对笼养的繁殖和育幼提供参考和借鉴。     

野生东北虎保护现状及保护对策探讨

目前中国野生东北虎数量仅有20只左右,分布在吉林、黑龙江两省的3个不相连的"孤岛状"分布区内.人为干扰导致的栖息地破碎化和猎物种群下降是造成野生东北虎濒危的主要原因.有效的野生东北虎保护计划包括改善虎栖息地质量、控制猎物种群、开展环境教育、解决人虎冲突、完善保护区网络等多方面措施.     

Pyelonephritis associated with Staphylococcus intermedius in a Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)

Pyelonephritis, in which Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated, was diagnosed in a 4-year-old female Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica). At necropsy, the renal pelvis was dilated with a large amount of purulent exudates. Microscopically, the lesions of renal pelvis and medulla consisted of necrotic foci intermingled primarily with numerous degenerative neutrophils and a few lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Bacteriology showed the presence of S. intermedius. This is the first report on pyelonephritis associated with S. intermedius in wild felidae.     

圈养东北虎FPV感染情况的初步调查与研究

猫泛白细胞减少症是由猫泛白细胞减少症病毒引起的高度接触性传染病,近些年来该病严重影响着我国圈养大型野生猫科动物的健康.至今,国内外对大型野生猫科动物的FPV流行状况研究甚少.鉴于此,本研究分别于2006年11月、2007年2月和2007年7月随机收集62份、36份、45份虎粪便,利用PCR方法对其带病情况进行检测.结果表明,FPV的阳性率分别为54.8%,25%和0.在以上实验研究的基础上,对该圈养大型野生猫科动物群体中FPV的感染带毒情况和流行特点进行了探讨.     

Birth of Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) cubs after transvaginal artificial insemination.

A captive 9-yr-old female Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica) at the Lisbon Zoo was treated with equine chorionic gonadotropin followed 80 hr later by human chorionic gonadotropin to stimulate follicular development and ovulation, respectively. Forty-one hours after the second hormone administration, the tiger was subjected to transvaginal artificial insemination with diluted fresh semen containing 500 x 10(6) motile spermatozoa obtained from an 8-yr-old male Siberian tiger via electroejaculation. After anesthesia, the female tiger was placed in an inclined position with the hind limbs elevated during and after the insemination and was maintained in this position for 15 min to minimize semen reflux. An anesthetic reversal agent was then administered. After a 103-day gestation, the female gave birth to three apparently healthy cubs that survived 24-48 hr. These results demonstrate that transvaginal artificial insemination can be successfully performed in the Siberian tiger to produce full-term offspring.     

Congenital glaucoma in a tiger (Panthera tigris)

Objective

To describe a case of congenital glaucoma in atiger (Panthera tigris).

Animal Studied

An 8-month-old intact female tiger wasreferred for suspected glaucoma of the right eye. The right eye was buphthalmicwith moderate episcleral injection, circumferential superficial cornealneovascularization, moderate corneal edema, and a fixed dilated pupil. Tapetalreflection was absent due to a mature cataract. Rebound tonometry under generalanesthesia revealed 70 mmHg and 21 mmHg in the right and left eye, respectively.

Procedure

A trans-conjunctival enucleation was performedand the globe was submitted for histopathology.

Results

Histopathology revealed a thin sclera, amorphousmaterial contouring an imperforate and hypoplastic iridocorneal angle, ahypoplastic lens with severe anterior-posterior compression, subcapsularepithelial hyperplasia, and Morganian globules, and segmental moderate retinalatrophy. Periodic acid-Schiff stain highlighted segmental dilations of theDescemet's membrane. Masson trichrome stain highlighted a pre-irido collagenmembrane.

Conclusion

The tiger's age and histopathologic findingsare consistent with congenital goniodysgenesis. This is the first known reportof congenital glaucoma in a tiger.     

Xylazine-midazolam-ketamine versus medetomidine-midazolam-ketamine anesthesia in captive Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica).

Two alpha2-adrenoceptor agents, xylazine and medetomidine, in combination with midazolam and ketamine safely and effectively immobilized Siberian tigers (Panthera tigris altaica). The medetomidine protocol used smaller drug volumes, and induction and recovery times were shorter. Although cardiopulmonary abnormalities were noted, none were likely to be life threatening.