Reaching teen farm workers with health and safety information: an evaluation of a high school ESL curriculum

While childhood agricultural injury has long been recognized as an important public health issue, most research has focused on family farms and there have not been many interventions targeting hired youth. This study evaluated the impact of a high school English as a Second Language (ESL) curriculum, designed to provide teen agricultural workers with the knowledge and tools to protect their health and safety in the fields. Using a quasi-experimental design, the research consisted of two intervention groups and a comparison group, and included over 2,000 students from communities that lead California in agricultural production. The research findings revealed that the curriculum had significant impact in terms of increases in knowledge and attitudes, and nearly half of those interviewed after a summer of working in the fields reported implementing new behaviors to protect their health and safety. The curriculum also had extended effects in the broader community, as the majority of students reported sharing the new information with others. The study found that a school-based ESL curriculum is an effective intervention to reach and educate teen farm workers and that ESL classes can serve as a much-needed access point for young farm workers.     

Texas entry-year agriculture teachers' perceptions, practices, and preparation regarding safety and health in agricultural education

The purpose of this study was to gather benchmark data for the assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding agricultural safety issues and curricula held by Texas agricultural teachers with less than two full years of teaching experience (entry-year teachers). Seventy-four of 118 well-distributed teachers responded to this survey. Researchers concluded that more females were entering a traditionally male-dominated field. Overall, teachers addressed safety within units of instruction rather than as separate units. The most useful forms of new teaching resources that this group of teachers would like to see produced were safety videos and study guides, and class demonstration/simulation activities. There was a significant difference in rankings between teachers less than 26 years old and teachers more than 26 years old regarding the usefulness of transparencies as a new teaching resource (F = 5.00, p = 0.0268). Few teachers were currently CPR and first aid certified, even though most had received training and completed a general safety and/or health related course while in college. Teachers generally agreed philosophically with most practices and exhibited personal beliefs consistent with proper safety preparedness and practice in agricultural settings. However, many of these teachers failed to practice what was expected of safe tractor operators, such as wearing safety belts and allowing younger drivers to operate the equipment.     

关于农业院校学生素质教育的有关问题探讨

本文就农业院校培养高素质人才问题进行了论述 ,指出基础课对高素质人才培养中创新能力和实践动手能力的培养是起到关键性作用的 ,必须给予高度的重视 ;对近十年来造成基础理论课学时数不断减少的原因及其会产生的不良后果进行了分析 ;提出必须保证基础理论课有基本的、足够的教学时数并论述了其重要性 ;对培养实践动手能力的一些途径等也进行了探讨     

农业可持续发展的生态安全研究

农业可持续发展的生态安全是指农业赖以发展的自然资源、生态环境处于不受威胁、无危险的健康、平衡状态,具有战略性、整体性、区域性、层次性、动态性和阶段性等特点。研究提出生态安全评价4项基本原则及其指标体系。并以浙江省嘉兴市为例研究提出生态安全评价方法。     

半干旱区农业水资源平衡及生态农业规划初探 —以吉林省西部为例

根据可利用水量及各农业要素需水量变化 ,以改善农业水资源平衡、提高系统生态效益为核心 ,用线性规划调整农业生态结构的研究结果表明 ,适当压缩耕地面积 ,扩大人工林、草地和水域面积 ,可稳定粮食产量和农业经济效益 ,明显缓解水供求矛盾 ,改善农业生态环境 ,提高系统生态效益。     

重庆市农业生态安全综合评价

采用层次分析法研究建立了重庆市农业生态安全综合评价指标体系,并利用数学模型计算出重庆市1998年和2 0 0 0年农业生态不安全度。简析了重庆市农业生态安全存在的主要问题,并提出其发展对策     

The impact of biotechnology on agricultural worker safety and health

Biotechnology applications such as the use and production of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) have been widely promoted, adopted, and employed by agricultural producers throughout the world. Yet, little research exists that examines the implications of agricultural biotechnology on the health and safety of workers involved in agricultural production and processing. Regulatory frameworks do exist to examine key issues related to food safety and environmental protection in GMO applications. However, based on the lack of research and regulatory oversight, it would appear that the potential impact on the safety and health of workers is of limited interest. This article examines some of the known worker health and safety implications related to the use and production of GMOs using the host, agent, and environment framework. The characteristics of employers, workers, inputs, production practices, and socio-economic environments in which future agricultural workers perform various tasks is likely to change based on the research summarized here.     

Cognitive-behavioral approaches to farm community safety education: a conceptual analysis

For many years, farm health and safety education efforts have focused on the presentation of safety rules and guidelines. This method of instruction tends to ignore the contingencies that influence the actual behavior of farmers. Consequently, while most farmers understand the safety instruction messages they receive, they frequently continue to engage in risky behaviors. They do so even when they are aware of the injury consequences that can result from engaging in risky behaviors during farm work. Consequently, educational programs for the delivery of farm health and safety knowledge have been judged to be of questionable effectiveness. Yet, current political, social, and economic realities suggest that safety and health education will remain a favored methodology for the foreseeable future. These observations suggest that farm safety education efforts may need to be reconceptualized. This article examines the learning of safe and unsafe work practices from three historical learning theory perspectives: behaviorism, constructivism, and socioculturalism. The conceptual analysis is illustrated through case study examples. The analysis may provide insights into why transmission of knowledge by itself is not effective for replacing risky behaviors with safe work practices. It may also assist the design of farm health and safety education programs that impart knowledge, as well as change attitudes and behavior that support safe work practices.     

农产品质量安全生产技术对要素替代弹性的影响

为研究不同冷冻羊肉冰晶结构特征,该文以空气冷冻和液浸冷冻2种不同冷冻方式以及冻贮3和90 d不同时间的冷冻羊肉为研究对象,采用真空冷冻干燥法将冷冻羊肉体内冰晶升华,用压汞法对冰晶升华留下的孔隙结构进行测定,并观察解冻复温后肌肉微观组织结构。研究结果表明,压汞法可有效测定冷冻羊肉冰晶升华后留下的孔隙分布特征,以此来表征冰晶结构特征。通过比较空气冷冻和液浸冷冻后冻贮不同时间羊肉的孔隙结构以及解冻复温后肌纤维组织结构变化特点,发现不同冷冻羊肉冰晶升华后孔隙分布特征存在差异,空气冷冻后冻贮3和90 d以及液浸冷冻后冻贮3和90 d的冷冻羊肉最大累计进汞量分别为2.16±0.08、2.33±0.07、1.76±0.01和2.29±0.05 mL/g,孔隙平均直径为10.09±0.30、25.73±0.91、3.21±0.46和14.45±0.64 μm,存在显著差异（P<0.05）,迂曲度分别为2.27±0.05、3.88±0.05、3.15±0.08和4.41±0.16,存在显著差异(P<0.05)。该研究结果为压汞法在冷冻肉冰晶结构参数的测定应用中提供一定的理论依据。     

浅议家具设计专业学生的素质教育

高素质的家具设计人才已成为家具企业的核心竞争力。从时代发展的需求，探讨了家具设计人才所应具备的专业素质及提高素质的方式方法。     

Ohio farm safety day camps: developing a successful statewide program through surveillance and evaluation

To address the at-risk population of rural youth, Ohio State University Extension initiated a statewide farm safety day camp program, partnering with other state sponsors. The program has completed a ten-year anniversary, and evaluation data from the 79 camp sessions held within that timeframe (N = 15,440; response rate = 79.4%) were analyzed. The objectives of the evaluation were to determine youth perceptions of their experience as well as determine if the camp sessions accurately targeted high injury-causing agents. Overall, 75.0% of the campers were satisfied with the program, 76.0% reported that they learned from their participation, and 71.2% agreed that the information was relevant and useful. Popular topics taught at the day camps were consistent with the most prevalent on-farm injury hazards affecting youth populations, including livestock safety, ATV safety, lawn and garden safety, tractor and machinery safety, electrical safety, and water safety.     

农业工程本科专业教学内容及课程体系的研究构建

本文阐述农业工程本科专业教学内容及课程体系的研究构建的依据及目的,专业教学内容及课程体系.课程的设置应从过去的单纯工程技术教学方向转变到真正为农业生产服务的方向上来,农业工程本科专业教育内容及课程体系的研究与构建要从农业工程专业的性质、服务方向等确定.     

网络时代农业高校图书馆用户教育的探讨

本文通过对我国农业高校图书馆用户教育的调查，分析了当今存在的一些问题，并对其改进措施进行了探讨。     

农产品线扫描高光谱成像系统的集成标定方法

高光谱成像技术在农业和食品检测中的应用日益广泛,线扫描高光谱成像系统的标定是获取高精度图像的基础。该文从系统集成部件的调整顺序、扫描速度控制、导轨偏移校正、光谱图像变形标定和光谱波长偏移校正等几方面系统地讨论了一种线扫描高光谱成像系统的调整和标定。通过对棋盘格图案的扫描,校正光谱图像在CCD上成像的位置,给出了导轨偏移校正及速度控制的具体计算公式。研究了光谱图像水平(Smile)和垂直(Keystone)光学系统变形,并标定了图像2个维度变形误差,分别为1.26和0.04mm。对照笔型氪气校正灯标准光谱,给出了光谱波长移位的二次校正方程。实践证明该文提出的方法能快速、有效地完成图像采集试验的设备准备工作,为相近研究领域的科研人员提供参考和帮助。     

Improving the detection of agricultural drought: a case study of illinois corn production

Too little attention has been given to the manner in which drought detection and monitoring indices are applied in agricultural settings. In this research, results of an Illinois corn-weather sensitivity analysis were used to select values of the moisture anomaly index (MAI or z) and related Palmer drought severity index (PDSI or X) to match periods of maximum moisture (i.e., drought) sensitivity in the corn growing season. These partial growing season values were compared with their equivalent growing season average for 12 Illinois sites to evaluate which were most effective in explaining interannual variations in detrended corn yields. Results indicate that the Palmer indices calculated for only the peak corn moisture sensitivity periods, outperformed the mean growing season Palmer indices in accounting for 1960–1983 interannual variations in corn yields by a factor of more than two.     

The farm apprentice: agricultural college students recollections of learning to farm "safely"

A consistent message in the farm safety literature is the need to develop effective interventions to manage the unacceptably high rate of injury and death among farm children. To better understand the influence of childhood farm experiences on safety beliefs, attitudes, and practices, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 farm youth attending the Nova Scotia Agricultural College. The interviews were designed to elicit information pertaining to participants' earliest memories of involvement in farm activities, the decision-making processes that led them to assume work-related responsibilities, and the roles that their parents played in their safety training. A common theme of experiencing childhood as a "farm apprentice" emerged across all narratives whereby farm activities were learned primarily through observational learning and modeling of parents and then mastered through repetition. As "farm apprentices," the youths' involvement in dangerous activities such as tractor driving and livestock handling began at early ages, with very little formal training and supervision. Although participants clearly described themselves as being exposed to dangerous activities, they believed that they had the capacity to control the risks and farm safely. Based on our findings, the concept of the "farm apprentice" appears to be integral to the social context of the farming community and should be considered in the design of interventions to reduce child injury and death.     

农业院校Java课实践教学探讨

Jaya实践教学是Jaya程序设计能力的训练，它的内容包括三个阶段：基础语言实践，核心API应用实践，项目开发实践．按照实践教学内容建立实验平台：Java教学实验平台和Java应用软件开发平台。