狐螨寄生继发嗜肺巴氏杆菌病的报告

狐螨寄生继发嗜肺巴氏杆菌病的报告张国栋杨建彬邱许蒋建兵（通州市畜牧兽医站２２６３００）巴氏杆菌病多由溶血性或多杀性巴氏杆菌所引起,嗜肺巴氏杆菌的致病性较弱,是一种条件性致病菌,偶尔引起一些动物的呼吸道感染。兹将一起较为罕见的狐螨病继发急性嗜肺巴氏杆菌...     

狐继发嗜肺巴氏杆菌病的报告

狐继发嗜肺巴氏杆菌病的报告张国栋杨建彬邱许蒋建兵（江苏省通州市畜牧兽医站，２２６３００）巴氏杆菌病多由溶血性或多杀性巴氏杆菌所引起，嗜肺巴氏杆菌的致病性较弱，是一种条件性致病菌，偶尔引起一些动物的呼吸道感染。兹将一起较为少见的狐螨病继发急性嗜肺巴氏杆...     

狐继发嗜肺巴氏杆菌病的报告

巴氏杆菌病多由溶血性或多杀性巴氏杆菌所引起,嗜肺巴氏杆菌的致病性较弱,是一种条件性致病菌,偶尔引起动物的呼吸道感染.现将一起较为少见的狐螨病继发急性嗜肺巴氏杆菌病的病例报告如下.     

嗜肺巴氏杆菌的临床检测方法的评价

巴氏杆菌具有20个种，嗜肺巴氏杆菌就是其中一个种。由于这个家族地位特殊，巴氏杆菌种目前归属于巴氏杆菌属、放线杆菌属和嗜血流感杆菌属。嗜肺巴氏杆菌具有广泛的宿主，存在于许多啮齿类动物，其它实验动物中，也存在于人中。属中各个种的生化特性比较相似，采用目前的国家标准实验动物微生物检测方法，不能有效区分与嗜肺巴氏杆菌生化特性相类似的其它种。我们通过抽检广东省清洁级以上实验小鼠和大鼠280只．分离到168株巴氏杆菌，通过扩大生化鉴定项目，154株被确认为嗜肺巴氏杆菌，14株被划分为放线杆菌-嗜血流感杆菌-巴氏杆菌复合体。所分离的嗜肺巴氏杆菌表现甘露醇阳性，这与文献报道不符合。因此，在现有的鉴定嗜肺巴氏杆菌的生化标准上，增加了鸟氨酸脱羧酶、甘露醇、ONPG等生化项目，将有利于嗜肺巴氏杆菌的临床检测。     

由应激引发鸵鸟禽霍乱的诊疗报告

<正>禽霍乱又称禽巴氏杆菌病、禽出血性败血病,是由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的禽的急性致死性传染病。鸵鸟感染该病呈现出血性败血症。病原菌广泛寄生于鸵鸟呼吸道及消化道黏膜上,与鸵鸟共生,为条件致病菌。鸵鸟在应激状态,尤其是热应激状态时发病,发病快,死亡率高。     

鸵鸟霍乱病的诊断和防治

禽霍乱又称禽巴氏杆菌病，是由多杀性巴氏杆菌所引起的禽类的一种出血性、败血性疾病。该病是一种接触性传染病，即可以流行，也可以零星散发。感染该病的决不限于禽类，各种鸟类都可以感染。旅顺口区某鸵鸟养殖场曾发生过一起由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的鸵鸟霍乱病。现报告如下：     

非洲鸵鸟发生葡萄球菌和巴氏杆菌混合感染的诊治

随着鸵鸟养殖业在我国的兴起,我省鸵鸟养殖数量亦不断增加,非洲鸵鸟的各种疾病逐渐增多,现就鸵鸟金黄色葡萄球菌和多杀性巴氏杆菌混合感染的诊治情况报告如下:     

鸵鸟巴氏杆菌病的诊治

鸵鸟巴氏杆菌病的诊治刘富来，袁生，袁圣丹（广东省佛山科技学院南海５２８２３１）１９９７年１０月，广东南海市某鸵鸟场的育成鸵鸟发生一种急性、烈性、败血性为特征的疾病。据临诊症状、剖检病变和实验室诊断，确诊为由多杀性巴氏杆菌引起的疾病，经采取有效措施，病...     

努比亚山羊巴氏杆菌羊创伤球菌混合感染的诊治

<正>巴氏杆菌属为无芽孢,不运动,兼性厌氧,菌体两端常染色浓重的革兰阴性小杆菌。本属已确定的种有多杀巴氏杆菌、嗜肺巴氏杆菌、溶血巴氏杆菌、尿巴氏杆菌和鸭疫巴氏杆菌等。在猪、牛~([1])、羊~([2])等动物常有巴氏杆菌感染的报道。创伤球菌属是1993年Collins等提议设立的一个菌属,目前该属的主要成员有孔兹创伤球菌、羊创伤球菌、瑞典创伤球菌和化脓创伤球菌。只有羊创伤球菌分离自动物,其他均分离自人的临床样品。羊创伤球     

早春养猪防肺疫

猪肺疫又称巴氏杆菌病 ,锁喉风 ,是猪的一种条件性急性传染病。其主要特征是 :咽喉及其组织呈急性炎性肿胀 ,肺、支气管呈纤维蛋白渗出性炎症。此病分布面广发病率高 ,常继发于其他传染病呈败血症死亡。在规模型猪场中每年春秋都流行此病 ,特别是 5 0千克以内的仔猪易感染 ,而且死亡率也高。总结近几年的疫病发生规律猪肺疫死亡率在 45 .2 % ,2 0 0 0年1 0月埠柳猪场曾发生过嗜肺型巴氏杆菌病 ,幼仔猪几乎全部死亡损失惨重。其主要特点介绍如下 :1　病原体特征猪肺疫病又称巴氏杆菌病 ( PASTEURELLA-MULTOCA)其病原体是多杀性巴氏杆…     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -