基于3S和OpenGL的CO2浓度空间可视化研究

基于3S和OpenGL的CO2浓度空间可视化利用强大的技术特点对全球气候变暖因数的重要因子进行了客观描述。采用了ArcGIS二次开发、OpenGL和3D Max空间模型等现代科学技术,运用以上技术在.Net上对某空间内CO2浓度可视化进行平台搭建。研究采取OpenGL雾效果和DEM等方式直观地把某区域内CO2浓度显示于视野内,使得CO2浓度在空间内达到了可视化效果。     

CO2浓度与N素形态对白桦幼苗NO3^--N代谢的影响

在CO2人工气候箱（Pervical,PGC-9/2）内,用水培的方法研究了CO2浓度和NO3--N/NH4＋-N对白桦幼苗NO3--N代谢的影响。结果表明：白桦幼苗根系、叶片NR活性以及叶片NO3--N、可溶性蛋白含量均随NO3--N供应比例和CO2浓度的增加而有所增加。在NO3--N/NH4＋-N≥50/50时,CO2浓度倍增显著提高了白桦幼苗根系和叶片NR活性。CO2浓度倍增显著提高了白桦幼苗叶片NO3--N含量,且促进程度随营养液NO3--N比例的增加而加大。除NO3--N/NH 4＋-N为100/0外,CO2浓度倍增并未显著提高白桦幼苗叶片的可溶性蛋白含量。CO2浓度与N素形态的交互作用对白桦幼苗根系、叶片NR活性以及叶片NO3--N含量的影响显著。     

土白蚁巢探测仪和防治仪一体化设计

根据土白蚁巢内气体CO2是空气中CO2浓度的20～333倍的特性,采用红外吸收型CO2传感器,将单片机技术、传感器技术、电子技术、通信技术和自动化技术综合运用于探测防治仪中,实现了探测防治一体化。探测防治仪具有快速读取、探测准确和便于携带等特点。     

高CO2浓度和干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性的影响

在不同CO2浓度(380、720 μmol·mol-1)的密闭式生长箱内,对5年生油松和侧柏苗、3年生元宝枫和刺槐苗进行培养,研究CO2浓度升高与干旱胁迫对4种树苗光合特性和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:高CO2浓度均能增加正常水分和重度干旱胁迫下4个树苗的光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和瞬时水分利用效率(WUE;),而降低蒸腾速率(Tr)和气孔导度(Cord);在轻度干旱和重度干旱条件下,Pn、Ci、Tr、Cond和WUEi增加,刺槐的WUEi却减少.CO2浓度增加,4个树种在同一干旱时期的碳稳定同位素比值(δ13C)减少.随着干旱胁迫加剧,不同CO2浓度下4个树种的Pn、Tr和Cond减少,而720 μmol·mol-1 CO2浓度下4个树种和380 μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下刺槐和元宝枫的WUEi和δ13C增加,而380μmol·mol-1CO2浓度下油松和侧柏的WUEi和δ13C先增加,到重度干旱时又下降.CO2浓度增加与干旱胁迫的交互作用减弱了干旱胁迫或者CO2浓度增加中的某一因子对气孔变化的敏感性,使得气孔变化缓慢,延迟了水分胁迫的发生.     

增施CO2气肥对国槐幼苗生长与生理特性的影响

用BEM 1系统自动测控CO2 浓度 ,在塑料大棚内对国槐实生幼苗进行 6 0 0、80 0、10 0 0、15 0 0和 2 0 0 0μmol mol5水平CO2 气肥试验 ,每天施气 3～ 5h ,持续 80d。试验结果表明 ,CO2 气肥显著促进国槐幼苗的生长 ,以 15 0 0 μmol·mol- 1 CO2 气肥促生效果最佳 ,与对照比较 ,干重增加 4 1 4 5 % ,淀粉含量增加 4 4 95 % ,光合速率增加 16 0 % ;CO2 气肥同时使气孔阻力增加 ,这可能有利于提高植物水分利用率 ;CO2 气肥使叶绿素含量下降 ,电镜照片显示 ,高浓度CO2 气肥处理的国槐叶绿体内 ,淀粉颗粒既多且大 ,对基粒造成挤压 ,可能对光合作用产生反馈抑制作用 ,CO2 气肥使国槐幼苗氨基酸含量下降 ,增加C N ,建议对国槐幼苗生长宜采用 10 0 0～15 0 0 μmol·mol- 1 水平CO2 气肥 ,配合施用氮肥 ,会取得较好的促生效果。     

基于NB-IoT的林区环境因子监测平台构建

基于蜂窝的窄带物联网NB-IoT已经普遍用于智能制造、智慧农业等领域,进行设备的自动控制以及数据采集.本文针对林区环境因子监测中的需求,利用NB-IoT技术构建无线传感网,完成温湿度、CO2浓度、光照度等林区环境因子的数据采集与传输工作.并对采集到的数据进行处理分析后,通过数据可视化方法构建web端面向用户的交互式林区...     

北京奥林匹克森林公园内二氧化碳浓度特征研究——北京奥林匹克森林公园生态效应研究

采用红外CO2测量仪对北京奥林匹克森林公园2007年度的CO：浓度变化特征进行连续跟踪测量。结果表明：公园内CO2浓度存在明显的日期、季节变化规律,主要影响因素有植被光合作用、植被呼吸作用、土壤呼吸作用等。公园内部样点在明显的梯度变化规律,主要影响因素有绿化覆盖率、植被生长状况、植被类型等。     

二氧化碳的综合利用技术及应用状况概述

对近年来新兴的CO2综合利用技术进行了分析,主要包括CO2的捕集、封存和CO2在强化采油、采气以及作为超临界萃取剂方面的应用。指出了各种CO2综合利用技术均能在CO2减排方面达到良好的效果。但由于技术水平和成本方面的限制,众多技术距离实际应用还有很长的路要走。     

基于OpenGL的三维虚拟林相制作研究

介绍了制作虚拟林相的一些基本方法,它基于目前比较流行的以Visual Studio C 开发组件调用OpenGL三维图形库的方法,初步实现地形可视化以及一些基本功能.为了表现地形的真实显示,利用了OpenGL中的纹理映射、光照、反走样、雾化等三维可视化特性.     

一种新型土白蚁巢探测仪

利用土白蚁巢内气体CO2浓度是空气中CO2浓度20～333倍的特性,提出全新的土白蚁巢气体探测技术,即通过蚁道抽取蚁巢内气体,测量其CO2含量,从而达到探测土白蚁巢的目地,据此成功研制了土白蚁探测仪,该探测仪重量<2 kg,探测所需时间<1 min,使用环境温度-10℃～50℃,探测准确率100%.     

杨木浸渍填充改性实验

通过浸渍填充碳酸钠和氯化钙两种不同的无机盐溶液,使浸入木材的钙离子与碳酸根离子结合。在木材微纤丝间隙和管胞的胞腔中生成稳定的固体化合物碳酸钙,从而使杨木中填充了大量的无机物,得到无机复合木材。实验表明当温度为60℃、CaCl2溶液浓度为40%、Na2CO3溶液浓度为25%时,木材增重率最大,可达32.4%;而且处理过的杨木试件的硬度均比未处理高,且硬度平均提高24.36%。     

西南高海拔区域苹果光合作用与光和CO_2响应模型的筛选

【目的】为了阐明我国西南高海拔区域苹果光合作用对光强度和CO_2浓度变化的响应机制,为后续深入开展该区域苹果光合特性研究提供参考,筛选适合该区域苹果光合-光响应和光合-CO_2响应的模型。【方法】以‘黔选2号’‘黔选3号’‘嘎拉’‘蜜脆’‘红星’5个品种苹果叶片为试材,进行光合-光响应和光合-CO_2响应的测定,并利用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、指数方程模型和直角双曲线修正模型进行光合-光响应曲线的拟合,运用直角双曲线模型、Michaelis-Menten模型(M-M模型)、直角双曲线修正模型进行光合-CO_2响应曲线拟合。【结果】光合-光响应中,气孔导度的变化影响蒸腾速率的变化,5个品种苹果叶片的光合速率均对强光有较好的适应性,在其他影响因子相同的情况下,CO_2浓度可能是生产中的实际限制因子。光合-CO_2响应中,5个品种苹果叶片气孔导度与蒸腾速率表现为同步变化,但气孔导度的变化并未影响胞间CO_2浓度的值,胞间CO_2浓度的值呈线性增加。在CO_2浓度满足光合作用底物消耗的情况下,光合有效辐射是苹果叶片发挥光合能力的主要限制因子。【结论】在拟合不同品种苹果叶片光合-光响应曲线和光合-CO_2响应曲线的模型中,直角双曲线修正模型拟合效果均表现最好。     

野生光核桃和栽培桃对高浓度CO_2抗性的比较

为了研究大气CO_2浓度升高对西藏特有植物的影响,以野生光核桃为研究材料,以栽培桃为对照,以高浓度CO_2为胁迫条件,分析野生光核桃和栽培桃的叶绿素含量、酶活性、叶片呼吸与光合指标的变化特征。结果表明:在高浓度CO_2条件下,栽培桃植株的部分叶片有黄化趋势,野生光核桃变化不明显。在高浓度CO_2条件下,野生光核桃抗氧化酶、光合和呼吸等指标均做出了积极的响应,保持了较高的酶活性,同时保持了正常的电子传递效率,且光合效率的下降主要是由非气孔因素引起。因此,与栽培桃相比,野生光核桃对高浓度CO_2逆境的抗性更强。     

不同钠盐对班克松种子萌发的影响

采用不同浓度的NaCl、Na2SO4和Na2CO3溶液处理班克松种子,测定发芽率、发芽势和发芽指数,研究钠盐胁迫对班克松种子发芽的影响。结果表明:低浓度(10、20 mmol·L-1)的NaCl、Na2SO4可以促进种子萌发,随着浓度增加,抑制作用加强,250 mmol·L-1的各项指标降到最低。Na2CO3溶液对种子萌发有较强的抑制作用,浓度相同时,Na2CO3胁迫下的各指标值均小于NaCl、Na2SO4。250 mmol·L-1时各项指标为0。由此可以得出,班克松种子具有耐盐性,但对不同钠盐的敏感性不同,对NaCl、Na2SO4的耐受性要高于Na2CO3。     

VB环境下OpenGL的使用

OpenGL作为事实的工业标准，广泛地应用于二维和三维图形的编程中，但大多工作于C语言的环境下，如何在VB环境下使用它，相关的参考文献较少。本文针对此问题，论述了在Visual Basic环境下，应用第三方函数库VBOpenGL type library进行三维图形编程设计的使用方法。     

Vertical gradients in photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics and refixation of respired CO(2) within boreal forest canopies

We compared vertical gradients in leaf gas exchange, CO(2) concentrations, and refixation of respired CO(2) in stands of Populus tremuloides Michx., Pinus banksiana Lamb. and Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P. at the northern and southern boundaries of the central Canadian boreal forest. Midsummer gas exchange rates in Populus tremuloides were over twice those of the two conifer species, and Pinus banksiana rates were greater than Picea mariana rates. Gas exchange differences among the species were attributed to variation in leaf nitrogen concentration. Despite these differences, ratios of intercellular CO(2) to ambient CO(2) (c(i)/c(a)) were similar among species, indicating a common balance between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance in boreal trees. At night, CO(2) concentrations were high and vertically stratified within the canopy, with maximum concentrations near the soil surface. Daytime CO(2) gradients were reduced and concentrations throughout the canopy were similar to the CO(2) concentration in the well-mixed atmosphere above the canopy space. Photosynthesis had a diurnal pattern opposite to the CO(2) profile, with the highest rates of photosynthesis occurring when CO(2) concentrations and gradients were lowest. After accounting for this diurnal interaction, we determined that photosynthesizing leaves in the understory experienced greater daily CO(2) concentrations than leaves at the top of the canopy. These elevated CO(2) concentrations were the result of plant and soil respiration. We estimated that understory leaves in the Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana stands gained approximately 5 to 6% of their carbon from respired CO(2).     

Wood properties of Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris) grown at elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration

Impacts of elevated temperature and carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) on wood properties of 15-year-old Scots pines (Pinus sylvestris L.) grown under conditions of low nitrogen supply were investigated in open-top chambers. The treatments consisted of (i) ambient temperature and ambient [CO2] (AT+AC), (ii) ambient temperature and elevated [CO2] (AT+EC), (iii) elevated temperature and ambient [CO2] (ET+AC) and (iv) elevated temperature and elevated [CO2] (ET+EC). Wood properties analyzed for the years 1992-1994 included ring width, early- and latewood width and their proportions, intra-ring wood density (minimum, maximum and mean, as well as early- and latewood densities), mean fiber length and chemical composition of the wood (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and acetone extractive concentration). Absolute radial growth over the 3-year period was 54% greater in AT+EC trees and 30 and 25% greater in ET+AC and ET+EC trees, respectively, than in AT+AC trees. Neither elevated temperature nor elevated [CO2] had a statistically significant effect on ring width, early- and latewood widths or their proportions. Both latewood density and maximum intra-ring density were increased by elevated [CO2], whereas fiber length was increased by elevated temperature. Hemicellulose concentration decreased and lignin concentration increased significantly in response to elevated temperature. There were no statistically significant interaction effects of elevated temperature and elevated [CO2] on the wood properties, except on earlywood density.     

Increased nitrogen-use efficiency of a short-rotation poplar plantation in elevated CO(2) concentration

We estimated nitrogen (N) use by trees of three poplar species exposed for 3 years to free air CO(2) enrichment (FACE) and determined whether the CO(2) treatment affected the future N availability of the plantation. Trees were harvested at the end of the first 3-year rotation and N concentration and content of woody tissues determined. Nitrogen uptake of fine roots and litter was measured throughout the first crop rotation. The results were related to previously published variations in soil N content during the same period. We estimated retranslocation from green leaves and processes determining N mobilization and immobilization, such as mineralization and nitrification, and N immobilization in litter and microbial biomass. In all species, elevated CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]) significantly increased nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE; net primary productivity per unit of annual N uptake), decreased N concentration in most plant tissues, but did not significantly change cumulative N uptake by trees over the rotation. Total soil N was depleted more in elevated [CO(2)] than in ambient [CO(2)], although not significantly for all soil layers. The effect of elevated [CO(2)] was usually similar for all species, although differences among species were sometimes significant. During the first 3-year rotation, productivity of the plantation remained high in the elevated [CO(2)] treatment. However, we observed a potential reduction in N availability in response to elevated [CO(2)].