广西速生丰产桉树病害调查

对广西速生丰产桉树Eucalyptus spp.进行了比较系统、全面的传染性病害调查,共鉴定出30种传染性病害,即15种主要病害和15种次要病害。其中4种主要病害和8种次要病害为广西新记录病害。对主要病害的症状特点和危害程度进行了描述,并提出综合治理建议。     

黑龙江省西部平原缓丘农区杨树病害种类及主要病害防治

本文记载了黑龙江省西部平原缓丘农区杨树病害种类 2 1种 ,其中 :苗木病害 6种、枝干病害 8种、叶部病害 6种、根部病害 1种。并提出了几种重要病害的综合防治措施     

杨树苗期主要病害及防治方法

杨树苗期主要病害包括:叶部病害、干部病害和根部病害三类。根据各种病害的发生规律,提出了病害的防治措施,清除圃地病残体、土壤消毒处理等方法是遏制杨树苗期病害的主要途径。     

荆州地区杨树病害调查研究

杨树病害严重影响着杨树的正常生长发育。自1990年以来,我们对荆州地区的杨树病害作了全面调查,结果表明,造成危害的主要有八种病害,其中叶部病害二种、干部病害三种、根部病害一种、生理性病害二种,为此,我们就这些病害的病原、致病机制及防治措施等进行了研究。     

璧山区园林植物病害种类调查初报

2016~2017年对重庆市璧山区园林植物病虫害进行了实地调查,共发现15种病害。统计了各种病害的发生程度、发病时期。结果表明:其中真菌性种类多,其次是生理性病害。细菌性病害、病毒性病害则没有调查记录,但园林病害中细菌性病害也较多。此调查结果能对丰富园林植物病害种类、病原菌种质资源库提供参考。     

西安市花灌木病害的调查研究

在西安市全市范围内对花灌木病害发生情况进行了全面普查,共调查出西安市园林植物花灌木病害286种,调查出染病花灌木42科106种,其中真菌病害273种,细菌病害1种,病毒病害6种,类菌原体2种,生理性病害4种,填补了西安市园林植物花灌木病害研究的空白,为园林植物花灌木病害的进一步研究及防治打下了基础。并针对目前西安市花灌木病害存在的问题进行了初步的分析。     

杜仲病害调查初报

记录了湖北省恩施州杜仲病害7种，其中枝梢病害1种，叶部病害3种，根部病害2种，种实病害1种。并根据其发生规律提出了防治措施。     

针叶树苗圃病害调查与主要病害发生规律研究

本文调查了针叶树苗期病害的种类和苗期病害的发生规律，结果表明针叶树苗期病害有8种，其中侵染性病害有6种，生理性病害有2种。猝倒病是针叶树苗期主要的病害，表现为3种症状类型。日灼型猝倒是气象性病害的主要形式，由丝核菌Rhizoctonia和镰刀菌Fusarium引起的生物猝倒型和立枯型病害是针叶树育苗的主要病害，其发生与育苗地所处的环境、营养土基质有关,同时提出了对针叶树苗期病害防治的对策。     

中国东北地区林木真菌病害地理分布概述

本文对我国东北地区林木真菌病害的地理分布进行了初步研究和区划，将东北林木真菌病害划为七个区，即大兴安岭北部用材林病害区、呼伦贝尔草原护牧林病害区、大兴安岭南部防护林用材林病害区、松辽平原农田防护林病害区、小兴安岭用材林病害区、三江平原农田防护林病害区及长白山用材林水源林病害区。并对每一区的自然概况、病害种类和特点进行论述。     

沈阳地区银杏病害的种类及其防治措施

通过对沈阳地区银杏病害的全面普查和分类鉴定,在银杏树上共发现了13种病害。按病原可分为真菌性和生理性2大病害类别。其中真菌病害11种,是较大的一个类别,生理性病害2种。叶部病害所占比例较大。银杏病害的发生多集中于春、夏两季,高温、高湿条件下发病重,立地条件差或管理粗放病害重。与此同时,该文还提出了病害防控应把握的几个关键环节。     

我国野生动物致害补偿机制与野生动物肇事公众责任保险制度比较

随着野生动物保护工作的不断深入，一些地区野生动物活动范围不断扩张，局部地区野生动物种群过大导致野生动物致害现象愈发严重。野生动物致害补偿机制与野生动物肇事公众责任保险日益引起人们的关注，但是在实际操作中仍有许多问题亟待解决。文中分析我国野生动物致害补偿机制与野生动物肇事公众责任保险制度实施现状，并比较两者的优势和现存问题，对完善野生动物致害补偿机制和野生动物肇事公众责任保险制度提出相关建议。     

Inventory and analysis of tree injuries in a rockfall-damaged forest stand

Rockfall is a major threat to settlements and transportation routes in many places. Consequently, the protective function of mountain forests has recently gained particular interest. However, much is still unknown about the ideal properties of protective forest stands. Therefore the present paper discusses a method for the inventory and analysis of tree injuries in a rockfall-damaged forest stand. With this method, the interrelation between stand geometry and rockfall injuries in a subalpine Polygalo chamaebuxi-Piceetum was examined. The study site of 0.3 Ha is located in the transit zone of frequently passing, small rockfall fragments (~10 cm in diameter) causing healable tree injuries. Tree and injury parameters were recorded and analysed as to injury number, height and size. The spatial distribution of the 157 trees (diameter at breast height dbh>5 cm) in the stand as well as of the 1,704 identified rockfall injuries showed a very uneven pattern. As expected, number, height and size of the injuries generally declined with increasing distance from the cliff as well as due to higher stem densities. In contrast, results indicated that the dbh of trees has no significant influence on the number of injuries per tree. However, this study showed a clear interrelation between tree and injury distribution: in general, large trees close to the cliff and smaller trees with a high density further down the slope seem to be favourable for good protection. At least an uneven-aged, multilayered stand should be sustained. Overall, the combined analysis of stand geometry and injury parameters provides information on the spatial distribution of rockfall and on the influence of tree arrangements.     

干旱胁迫对福建柏不同无性系的生理特性影响

本文分析了干旱胁迫条件下,福建柏不同无性系生理特性的动态变化规律。通过36d的干旱胁迫处理,不同无性系福建柏之间表现出不同的伤害程度,分为重度、中度和轻度伤害3类。在干旱胁迫的初期和中期,不同胁迫伤害程度的无性系叶片MDA随着胁迫天数的增加均呈现出"逐渐升高"的变化趋势,而在干旱胁迫末期,轻度伤害的无性系叶片MDA继续"升高",而伤害程度重和中的无性系却出现了"下降",不同无性系受到的膜脂过氧化作用的程度也不同,这可能是导致不同无性系之间出现了不同的伤害程度的原因之一。在干旱胁迫的初期和中期,不同胁迫伤害程度的无性系叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸随着胁迫天数的增加均呈现出"逐渐升高"的变化趋势,而在干旱胁迫末期,轻度伤害的无性系叶片可溶性糖和脯氨酸继续"升高",而伤害程度重和中的无性系却出现了"下降",不同无性系其叶片的渗透调节作用程度也不同,这也可能是导致不同无性系之间出现了不同的伤害程度的原因之一。在干旱胁迫的初期和中期,不同胁迫伤害程度的无性系叶片CAT和SOD随着胁迫天数的增加均呈现出"逐渐升高"的变化趋势,而在干旱胁迫末期,轻度伤害的无性系叶片CAT和SOD继续"升高",而伤害程度重和中的无性系却出现了"下降",不同无性系其叶片的酶保护调节作用程度也不同,不同无性系之间出现了不同的伤害程度也可能与此有一定的关系。     

Is Silver fir (Abies alba) less vulnerable to extraction damage than Norway spruce (Picea abies)?

Inspection of Norway spruce and Silver fir on experimental plots in south-western Germany showed that Silver fir had suffered significantly less bark injuries than Norway spruce. Data from both federal forest inventories (1987, 2002) showed a similar species-specific vulnerability. Additional visual inspections of the basal cross-sections of trees removed from the experimental plots showed rather high proportions of butt rot in uninjured Norway spruce (51%). The proportion further increased to 93% in trees, which had sustained bark injuries. In contrast, decay symptoms were almost absent in uninjured Silver fir and less enhanced in trees with bark injuries (27%). Management implications for risk rating of tree species, as well as the necessity of implementing low-damage harvesting regimes, are discussed.     

栀子主要病害发生特点及综合防治

栀子在我地主要病害有褐斑病、炭疽病、煤污病、根腐病、黄化病等,病害从3～11月份在我地都可发生,严重时植株落叶、落果或枯死。在病害发生初期或发生期施用多菌灵、退菌特等可有效地防治病害。     

树木注射伤害成因与控制研究

树木注射伤害分入针、注射及退针时的物理损伤,由药物—树木本身的生物化学反应造成的伤害、注射技术使用不当所引发的伤害5种类型。树木注射伤害是可以控制的,防止发生树木注射伤害必须选用正确的树木注射技术路线、合理控制高压注射的速度,需特别注意高压注射装置的针头密封以及进退针的方式,并选用安全、有效的药物。     

Dormouse injuries predispose beech to infection by Neonectria ditissima

After awaking from winter hibernation, the Edible dormouse begins to feed by stripping the bark and the outer part of the xylem from the branches of both broadleaves and conifers. Natural or artificial wounds are essential for the penetration and colonisation of the tissues by the fungal pathogen Neonectria ditissima. This pathogen creates open cankers on beech branches and other broadleaves, which are frequently later infected by wood‐decaying fungi. Because of the high frequencies of both dormouse injuries and branch cankers in a large monospecific beech forest in northern Italy, field and laboratory investigations were conducted to verify whether rodent‐inflicted injuries on beech were a preferred infection point for the pathogen. These studies also examined the susceptibility to infection of the dormouse‐inflicted wounds over time, and the relationships between dormouse damage, Neonectria infection, and wood decay. The results showed a significant direct correlation between the percentage of infections and their proximity to the wounds, indicating that the parasite localises to sites where there are receptive dormouse injuries. In addition, the susceptibility of the wound was found to diminish with increasing age, disappearing in 120–150 days. The association between dormouse injuries, Neonectria cankers and wood decay was also found to cause approximately half of the frequent beech branch breakages during intense weather events.     

科学管理与施工是彻底根除工程质量通病的基础

本文通过对路基、路面工程质量通病表现形式及危害的分析 ,探讨了根除质量通病的对策     

Ultrastructure of mesophyll cells of spruce needles exposed to O3 alone and together with SO2

Mesophyll cells of spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles fumigated for two months with O₃ alone and together with SO₂ were studied with electron microscope. The observations showed the specific type of injuries for both pollutants, the dependency of severity of injuries both on the concentration of the pollutant and the duration of daily exposure as well as enhanced effects with combined O₃ and SO₂ in the older needles.     

Ethylenediurea (EDU) spray effects on willows (Salix sachalinensis F. Schmid) grown in ambient or ozone?enriched air: implications for renewable biomass production

Ground-level ozone -(O3) is a widespread air pollutant causing extensive injuries in plants. However, its effects on perennial energy crops remain poorly under-...