环糊精葡基转移酶对高血糖小鼠糖耐量和肝糖原影响的研究

通过对环糊精葡基转移酶在小白鼠糖尿病模型,以高(10 mg/kg)、中(1 mg/kg)、低(0.1 mg/kg)3个剂量腹腔注射的试验观察,探讨了环糊精葡基转移酶对小白鼠糖耐量和肝糖原的影响。结果显示:环糊精葡基转移酶可显著改善高血糖小鼠的糖耐量和增加高血糖小鼠的肝糖原含量,其作用效果与胰岛素效果相当。     

海参加工废液中皂苷的提取及其抗肿瘤作用的研究

为了研究其对肿瘤小鼠的抑瘤作用,以及对免疫器官的影响。从海参废液中提取海参皂苷,通过建立S180皮下肿瘤小鼠模型,采用经口灌胃和腹腔注射2种方式给药后,将小鼠称重,断颈处死,然后剥离的肿瘤组织、胸腺、脾脏,称重并进行统计学分析。结果表明：海参皂苷能显著抑制S180皮下瘤小鼠的肿瘤生长;通过2种给药方式相比较,腹腔注射给药方式抑瘤效果(60.29%,P＜0.01)明显优于经口灌胃给药方式(37.70%;P＜0.05);与阳性对照环磷酰胺相比,海参皂苷对小鼠的生长影响较小,而且提高小鼠的脾脏指数和胸腺指数,对小鼠免疫器官有促进作用。本实验为今后海参皂苷抗肿瘤活性的进一步研究提供了有效依据。     

两种给药方式下伊维菌素在虹鳟体内的药物代谢动力学研究

研究旨在通过口灌和腹腔注射两种给药方式,研究伊维菌素在虹鳟体内的药动学特征。采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测法（HPLC-UV）研究了以0.3 mg/kg剂量分别单次口灌和腹腔注射伊维菌素后,药物在虹鳟体内的药代动力学特征。结果表明：口灌给药方式下,伊维菌素在虹鳟血浆、肌肉中的药物浓度和时间关系符合一级吸收二室开放模型,而在肝脏、肾脏中符合一级吸收一室开放模型;腹腔注射给药方式下,伊维菌素在虹鳟血浆、肌肉、肝脏和肾脏中的药时关系均符合一级吸收一室开放模型。口灌给药后,伊维菌素在血浆中主要的药动学参数：AUC为123.709 mg/(L?h)、Ka为3.749 h^-1、t_1/2ke为 466.569 h、T_max为0.454 h、C_max为0.319 mg/L。腹腔注射给药后,伊维菌素在血浆中主要的药动学参数：AUC为52.560 mg/(L?h)、Ka为5.033 h^-1、t_1/2ke为103.236 h、T_max为1.317 h、C_max为0.350 mg/L。说明在两种给药方式下,伊维菌素在虹鳟体内的药动学特征存在明显的差异,伊维菌素在腹腔注射给药方式下吸收和消除速率均较口灌给要快。     

杨梅素对小鼠髓鞘损伤精神分裂症样行为学的研究

为观察杨梅素对髓鞘损伤精神分裂症样小鼠行为的治疗作用,将40只健康雄性昆明小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、杨梅素组、氯丙嗪组。正常组给予正常饲料,用混有0.2%(w/w)双环己酮草酰二腙(CPZ)的饲料喂养其他3组小鼠构建脱髓鞘模型。每日用20 mg/kg的杨梅素对杨梅素组小鼠灌胃给药,用4 mg/kg的氯丙嗪对氯丙嗪组小鼠腹腔注射给药。造模给药5周后对小鼠进行各项行为学试验,观察小鼠行为改变。用固蓝(LFB)对髓鞘进行染色并观察各组小鼠髓鞘损伤情况。结果表明:杨梅素组小鼠在行为学试验中各项指标均比模型组有显著改善,对髓鞘损伤小鼠的精神分裂样行为治疗效果与氯丙嗪相当。在固蓝染色中,杨梅素组髓鞘颜色显然比模型组均匀致密。杨梅素对髓鞘损伤小鼠的精神分裂样行为有潜在治疗作用,为其临床应用奠定试验基础。     

发酵型金耳多糖的分离纯化及其降血糖活性

【目的】研究发酵型金耳多糖(FTAP)的分离纯化方法及其降血糖生物学活性;【方法】比较沸水煮提法和碱水热提法的差异,确定FTAP的提取工艺。Sevage法除蛋白,利用sephadex G-75凝胶柱层析进行分离纯化。采用四氧嘧啶诱导的高血糖大鼠模型,灌胃给药,监测血糖,测定脂代谢指标,对FTAP进行降血糖活性评价。【结果】沸水煮提法最大多糖得率为15.5%,碱水热提法最大多糖得率为14.9%,选择沸水煮提法为制备FTAP的方法。利用sephadex G-75凝胶柱层析得到单一对称洗脱主峰,表明得到的FTAP为均一多糖。连续口服FTAP 7天时,44mg/kg•d和264mg/kg•d剂量组小鼠与模型组空腹血糖比较降血糖作用明显,血清甘油三酯水平也显著下降。【结论】FTAP可降低高血糖模型小鼠的高血糖水平。     

野西瓜提取物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

以乙醇诱发小鼠酒精性肝损伤为模型,研究野西瓜提物对小鼠酒精性肝损伤保护作用。结果表明,按照2.0~3.5 mg/kg的野西瓜提取物连续灌胃给药28 d未对小鼠体重产生显著性影响,显著性降低小鼠肝组织丙二醛和甘油三脂含量、提高谷胱甘肽含量(p0.01)。肝组织病理分析显示上述计量明显降低对小鼠肝脏组织损伤。因此,野西瓜提取物(2.0~3.5 mg/kg)对由乙醇诱发小鼠酒精性肝损伤具有保护作用,其功能性组分可能是葫芦素A。     

磁场对姬松茸J1特性的影响

两种还原剂不同浓度和磁性材料十种组合方式进行栽培姬松茸J1的结果表明,在单一的50mg/kg的硫合剂的作用上栽培姬松茸J1在氨基酸的含量、产量、镉含量分别比对照提高16%～22.2%、提高6.7%、降低23.2%～27.4%,通过磁性物质和硫合剂50mg/kg共同作用比单一使用硫合剂50mg/kg的作用姬松茸子实体镉的含量下降21%,在氨基酸含量没有明显的变化,而产量呈略微下降的趋势,通过F检验镉含量下降达到极显著的水平,选择恰当的还原剂在磁性环境中不仅能提高其生长量和氨基酸,而且还能促使姬松茸子实体镉含量降低目的。     

药用植物麦蓝菜种子提取物王不留行黄酮甙对高血压和糖尿病主动脉血管重塑的影响

石竹科植物麦蓝菜(Vaccaria segetalis (Neck.) Garcke)种子中分离得到的王不留行黄酮甙(Vaccarin),具有重要的医学生物活性功能。为了考查王不留行黄酮甙(Vaccarin)对高血压和糖尿病主动脉血管重塑的影响。本研究选择了自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)进行研究,并通过对成年雄性Wistar Kyoto (WKY)大鼠腹腔注射50 mg/kg链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发糖尿病(DB)。然后对大鼠腹腔注射Vaccarin (30 mg/kg)。所有大鼠均进行4周治疗。结果显示,与未给药的SHR和DB大鼠相比,Vaccarin给药降低了大鼠胸和腹主动脉血管壁厚度、主动脉横截面积和壁腔比。与未给药的SHR和DB大鼠相比,Vaccarin给药降低了大鼠胸主动脉中活性氧(ROS)的水平并升高了内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的磷酸化水平。本研究表明,Vaccarin通过降低糖尿病和高血压大鼠主动脉中的ROS水平并促进eNOS磷酸化,从而增强了主动脉组织的抗氧化和抗炎能力,进而提高了血管功能并减轻了血管重塑。     

玉米须醇提物对链脲菌素诱导糖尿病小鼠的血糖影响研究(英文)

玉米须(Maydisstigma)是具有多种生理功能的传统中药,首次对玉米须醇提物结合链脲菌素诱导的糖尿病ICR小鼠分别设计了短期单次灌胃试验和长期灌胃试验。以格列苯脲(Glibenclamide)为阳性对照,测定玉米须对模型小鼠基础血糖水平、糖耐量和内源胰岛素含量,以及体质量等指标的变化影响。短期试验结果显示,玉米须可以降低基础血糖水平和抑制外源葡萄糖刺激下的血糖升高。4周长期灌胃试验中,玉米须和Glibenclamide使糖尿病小鼠血糖明显下降,内源胰岛素含量在Glibenclamide作用下升高,而玉米须没有这样的效果,但玉米须对糖尿病小鼠体质量下降有缓解作用。研究结果首次揭示桔梗具有降低血糖效果,但对内源胰岛素分泌没有影响。     

铅对紫花苜蓿种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响

采用培养试验研究了铅胁迫对紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L. )种子萌发与幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,在Pb2+浓度0~100 mg/kg范围内,Pb2+对种子的发芽率和发芽势的影响差异不显著,二者均表现为先轻微下降,然后又逐渐回升,表明紫花苜蓿种子萌发对铅具有一定的耐性。不同浓度Pb2+处理对幼芽和幼根生长均有较明显的抑制作用,且对幼根的毒害作用要比幼芽更明显。当Pb2+浓度达到250 mg/kg以后,其活力指数随之下降,且对紫花苜蓿种子萌发以及幼苗生长均表现出非常明显的毒害作用。     

瓦松乙醇提取物降血糖的试验研究

观察瓦松乙醇提取物对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱发的糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用。采用腹腔注射STZ引起糖尿病动物模型,分别以瓦松乙醇提取物低、中、高剂量灌喂28d,给药期间每隔7d测定一次空腹血糖值,给药结束后称量体重及进行经口糖耐受量试验。结果显示,瓦松提取物能有效降低糖尿大鼠的空腹血糖值,改善经口糖耐受能力,并有一定的量效和时效关系。     

燕麦麸纤维降血糖作用的实验研究

实验表明,燕麦麸纤维能够显著提高正常大鼠的糖耐量(p<0.05);从对四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠的空腹血糖值(FBG)、血清胰岛素(INS)和血清C肽(C-p)的变化来看,燕麦纤维具有显著的降血糖作用(p<0.05;p<0.01),且降糖效果优于果胶(p<0.05)。     

Hypoglycemic Effects of the n-Butanol Part of Sorbus tianschanica

[Objective] To extract and isolate the effective components from Sorbus tianschanica,and to research the hypoglycemic effects of n-Butanol part. [Methods]S. tianchanica was extracted by reflux extraction. After gradient elution,n-Butanol part was obtained. With diabetic mice induced by STZ as the model,blood glucose test was carried out. [Results]n-Butanol part in administration group had significant differences in hypoglycemic effects with that in model group(P 0. 05),showing that n-Butanol part had certain antidiabetic functions on diabetic mice induced by STZ. And the hypoglycemic effects showed a reducing trend as the administration dosage decreased,indicating that administration dosage had positive correlation with hypoglycemic effects. n-Butanol in different parts could reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice in different degrees. And the blood glucose value in high-dosage group(8 g /kg) reduced greatly at 2 h after administration,having great differences with that in model group(P 0. 01). This showed that high dosage was helpful to the glucose tolerance of diseased mice,and could effectively protect against the rapid increase of blood glucose after meal. n-Butanol had no significant effects on the blood glucose of normal mice. However,the morality rates in high-and middle-dosage groups were both higher than that in low-dosage group; and the morality rate in administration group was lower than that in model group,showing that n-Butanol could promote the survival rate of diabetic mice. [Conclusions]S. tianchanica had certain effects of anti-diabetes.     

Effects of Didang Qigui Decoction on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Cataract in Rats

[Objective]Observe effects of Didang Qigui decoction on crystalline lens,lens epithelial cells and the level of HSP70in rats with streptozotocin induced diabetic cataract. [Methods]10 SD rats were randomly selected as the blank control group,and the rest of rats were injected 60 mg /kg of streptozotocin(STZ) into the enterocoelia at one time to reproduce diabetic rats models. 55 of the model animals were selected and randomly divided into model group,diamicron group,Didang Qigui decoction group,Didang Qigui decoction high dose group,Didang Qigui decoction and diamicron group,and corresponding interference was given to each group respectively. Turbidity of the lens was examined under the slit lamp respectively at 2,4,6,8 week; after 8 weeks,morphologic changes of crystalline lens were observed under the microscope,and the expressions of HSP70in lens epithelial cells(LEC) were detected. [Results] Crystalline lens of rats in the blank control group were always transparent and complete. Those of rats in the model group were gradually changed until becoming complete turbid. The rest of treatment groups with turbidity degree of rats' lens from heavy to light were Didang Qigui decoction high dose group,Didang Qigui decoction group,diamicron group,and Didang Qigui decoction and diamicron group. Forms of HE staining lens epithelial cells were also changed. If rats in the blank control group were taken as standards,expressions of HSP70in LEC of crystalline lens in the model group gradually rose. In the treatment groups,the rate of HSP70positive expression of rats in the Didang Qigui decoction high dose group was higher than that rate in diamicron group,idang Qigui decoction group,and Didang Qigui decoction and diamicron group. The discrepancy was very obvious( P 0. 05).[Conclusions]By reducing blood glucose,gathering of sugar metabolites and osmotic pressure in crystalline lens,Didang Qigui decoction can effectively protect lens injury in experimental diabetic rats and inhibit the occurrence and development of cataract in diabetic rats,so it exerts certain preventive and therapeutic effects on early diabetic cataract in rats.     

黑苦荞胶囊对四氧嘧啶糖尿病小鼠的降血糖作用

评价黑苦荞胶囊降血糖功能,为黑苦荞保健食品开发提供依据。采用腹腔注射四氧嘧啶建立糖尿病小鼠动物模型。将试验动物分为模型对照组,低、中、高剂量组,同时设正常动物的空白对照组和受试样品组。经口给予黑苦荞胶囊,连续灌胃30 d,观察其对小鼠体重、空腹血糖及糖耐量的影响。结果表明,黑苦荞胶囊对血糖正常组小鼠的体重及空腹血糖值无显著的影响(p>0.05)。高血糖模型各剂量组小鼠空腹血糖值与模型对照组相比均呈现显著下降(p<0.05),糖耐量试验中,低剂量组和中剂量组血糖曲线下面积显著降低(p<0.01,p<0.05)。黑苦荞胶囊对四氧嘧啶致糖尿病小鼠具有降血糖功能。     

金花葵黄酮对糖尿病模型小鼠脂代谢的影响

观察金花葵总黄酮对糖尿病模型小鼠脂代谢以及SOD的影响,将链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导成功的糖尿病小鼠模型随机分为正常对照组、金花葵黄酮高剂量组,中剂量组和低剂量组,阴性对照组和阳性对照组。灌胃4周后检测血脂和超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)的变化。结果表明,与阴性对照组相比,金花葵黄酮干预小鼠总胆固醇下降（P<0.01）,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇上升（P<0.05）,SOD上升（P<0.01）。适量金花葵黄酮对糖尿病小鼠脂代谢紊乱有明显的改善作用,并有显著的体内抗氧化能力。     

α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的研究进展及食品源抑制剂的开发前景

随着世界上糖尿病患者的不断增加,除了传统的药物治疗以外,如今糖尿病及营养学专家更希望患者添加对辅助降血糖食品的应用,并建议用食疗的方法调节血糖水平,有效预防糖尿病的产生。在众多辅助降糖保健食品中,糖类物质、多酚类、黄酮类、磷脂酸类、生物碱等作为α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制剂,在降血糖方面起着极其重要的作用。