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1.
Maymó AC Cervera A Dolores Garcerá M Bielza P Martínez-Pardo R 《Pest management science》2006,62(12):1129-1137
The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious pest in the south-east of Spain owing to its direct feeding on crops, transmission of the tomato spotted wilt virus and its very high level of resistance to insecticides. Mechanisms of resistance were examined using field populations of F. occidentalis with different susceptibilities to acrinathrin, methiocarb (selective insecticides), endosulfan, metamidophos and deltamethrin (broad-spectrum insecticides). Esterase activity towards alpha-naphthyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl acetate in resistant strains was significantly higher than in the reference strain (MLFOM) for both model substrates. This higher activity was significantly correlated with acrinathrin and methiocarb resistance. 相似文献
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López-Soler N Cervera A Moores GD Martínez-Pardo R Garcerá MD 《Pest management science》2008,64(12):1258-1266
BACKGROUND: Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is among the most important crop pests in the south‐east region of Spain; its increasing resistance to insecticides constitutes a serious problem, and understanding the mechanisms involved is therefore of great interest. To this end, F. occidentalis populations, collected from the field at different locations in south‐east Spain, were studied in terms of total esterase activity and esterase isoenzyme pattern. RESULTS: Individual thrips extracts were analysed by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and stained for esterase activity with the model substrate α‐naphthyl acetate. Significant correlations were found between resistance to the insecticides acrinathrin and methiocarb and the presence of a group of three intensely stained bands, named Triplet A. For each individual thrips extract, total esterase activity towards the substrates α‐naphthyl acetate and α‐naphthyl butyrate was also measured in a microplate reader. Insects possessing Triplet A showed a significantly higher α‐naphthyl acetate specific activity and α‐naphthyl acetate/α‐naphthyl butyrate activity ratio. This observation allowed a reliable classification of susceptible or resistant insects either by PAGE analysis or by total esterase activity determination. CONCLUSION: The PAGE and microplate assays described can be used as a monitoring technique for detecting acrinathrin‐ and methiocarb‐resistant individuals among F. occidentalis field populations. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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The major mechanism of resistance to most insecticides in Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) is metabolic, piperonyl butoxide (PBO) suppressible, mediated by cytochrome-P450 monooxygenases and conferring cross-resistance among insecticide classes. The efficacy of insecticide mixtures of acrinathrin, methiocarb, formetanate and chlorpyrifos was studied by topical exposure in strains of F. occidentalis selected for resistance to each insecticide. The method consisted in combining increasing concentrations of one insecticide with a constant low rate of the second one as synergist. Acrinathrin activity against F. occidentalis was enhanced by carbamate insecticides, methiocarb being a much better synergist than formetanate. Monooxygenase action on the carbamates would prevent degradation of the pyrethroid, hence providing a level of synergism by competitive substrate inhibition. However, the number of insecticides registered for control of F. occidentalis is very limited, and they are needed for antiresistance strategies such as mosaics and rotations. Therefore, a study was made of the synergist effect of other carbamates not used against thrips, such as carbofuran and carbosulfan, against a susceptible strain and a field strain. Neither carbamate showed synergism to acrinathrin in the susceptible strain, but both did in the field strain, carbosulfan being a better synergist than carbofuran. The data obtained indicate that low rates of carbamates could be used as synergists to restore some pyrethroid susceptibility in F. occidentalis. 相似文献
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Insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. The challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management have been detected. To combat insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, several insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs have been developed around the world, and these are discussed. Successful programs rely on non-insecticidal tactics, such as biological and cultural controls and host plant resistance, to reduce population pressures, rotations among insecticides of different mode of action classes to conserve insecticide efficacy, resistance monitoring, sampling to determine the need for insecticide applications and education to assure proper implementation. More judicious insecticide use is possible with the development of well-founded economic thresholds for more cropping systems. While growers will continue to rely on insecticides as part of western-flower-thrips- and thrips-transmitted virus management, more effective management of these pests will be achieved by considering their management in the context of overall integrated pest management, with IRM being a key component of those comprehensive programs. 相似文献
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Bielza P Quinto V Fernández E Grávalos C Abellán J Cifuentes D 《Pest management science》2008,64(5):584-588
BACKGROUND: The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest. The genetic basis of acrinathrin resistance was investigated in WFT. RESULTS: The resistant strain, selected in the laboratory for acrinathrin resistance from a pool of thrips populations collected in Almeria (south-eastern Spain), showed a high resistance to acrinathrin (43-fold based on LC(50) values) compared with the laboratory susceptible strain. Mortality data from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible thrips indicated that resistance was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects. Analysis of probit lines from the parental strains and reciprocal crosses showed that resistance was expressed as a codominant trait. To determine the number of genes involved, a direct test of monogenic inheritance based on the backcrosses suggested that resistance to acrinathrin was probably controlled by one locus. Another approach, which was based on phenotypic variances, showed n(E), or the minimum number of freely segregating genetic factors for the resistant strain, to be 0.79. CONCLUSION: The results showed that acrinathrin resistance in WFT was autosomal and not influenced by maternal effects, and was expressed as a codominant trait, probably controlled by one locus. 相似文献
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Bielza P Quinto V Contreras J Torné M Martín A Espinosa PJ 《Pest management science》2007,63(7):682-687
Susceptibility to spinosad of western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), from south-eastern Spain was determined. LC(50) values of the field populations without previous exposure to spinosad collected in Murcia in 2001 and 2002 ranged from 0.005 to 0.077 mg L(-1). The populations collected in Almeria in 2003 in greenhouses were resistant to spinosad (LC(50) > 54 mg L(-1)) compared with the authors' highly susceptible laboratory strain. The highly sensitive laboratory strain leads to very high resistance ratios for the field populations (>13 500), but these ratios do not necessarily mean resistance problems and control failures (spinosad field rate 90-120 mg L(-1)). The populations collected in Murcia from some greenhouses in 2004 were also resistant to spinosad (RF > 3682). Spinosad overuse, with more than ten applications per crop, produced these resistant populations in some greenhouses. Spinosad showed no cross-resistance to acrinathrin, formetanate or methiocarb in laboratory strains selected for resistance towards each insecticide. Correlation analysis indicated no cross-resistance among spinosad and the other three insecticides in 13 field populations and in nine laboratory strains. The synergists piperonyl butoxide (PBO), S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) and diethyl maleate (DEM) did not enhance the toxicity of spinosad to the resistant strains, indicating that metabolic-mediated detoxification was not responsible for the spinosad resistance. These findings suggest that rotation with spinosad may be an effective resistance management strategy. 相似文献
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3种环境友好型药剂对西花蓟马的室内毒力与田间防效 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
测定了3种杀虫剂对西花蓟马的室内毒力和田间防效。室内生物测定结果表明,多杀菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、阿维菌素对西花蓟马成虫的LC50值为0.050~2.887mg/L,对西花蓟马若虫的LC50值为0.040~0.457mg/L;田间药效试验表明,田间防治西花蓟马时推荐使用剂量(防效>80%)分别为:2.5%多杀菌素悬浮剂30~60g/667m2,1%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油30~60g/667m2,1.8%阿维菌素乳油不可低于75g/667m2。 相似文献
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为探讨西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis在不同辣椒品种上的发生及为害规律,以5个辣椒品种作为试验材料,组建西花蓟马种群生命表。结果表明,从西花蓟马各个虫态的发育历期来看,‘杭椒五号’和‘太空辣’比较适合蓟马生长繁殖,其次为‘洋大帅’,‘娇龙’、‘74-82’最不适合西花蓟马生存。西花蓟马在5个品种上的存活曲线类型不同,在‘杭椒五号’上的存活曲线偏向A型;在‘洋大帅’、‘太空辣’品种上偏向B型;在‘娇龙’、‘74-82’品种上则偏向于C型。通过种群参数分析表明西花蓟马比较喜好取食‘洋大帅’、‘太空辣’、‘杭椒五号’3个品种,‘娇龙’和‘74-82’品种则不利于西花蓟马的生长繁殖。 相似文献
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Gunning RV Moores GD Jewess P Boyes AL Devonshire AL Khambay BP 《Pest management science》2007,63(6):569-575
It has been reported previously that the major resistance mechanism to pyrethroid insecticides by the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) in Australia is a consequence of overproduction of esterase isoenzymes. This paper reports structure-activity relationships that support such a view, based on in vivo bioassays conducted with a range of pyrethroid structures containing a variety of acid and alcohol moieties and the correlation with in vitro esterase inhibition assays against the same structures, and identifies the critical regions of the molecule with regard to esterase inhibition, and hence resistance. The implications of this work in terms of possible resistance management are evaluated and discussed. 相似文献
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为明确不同外源因子对菜豆的诱导抗性及对西花蓟马的影响, 研究了茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害、机械损伤诱导处理的菜豆对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态的影响。结果表明外源茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害处理菜豆植株显著延长了西花蓟马未成熟期的发育时间, 较健康植株分别延长4.72、2.87和4.95 d, 也造成西花蓟马的存活率不同程度的下降。西花蓟马在机械损伤处理和健康植株发育时间差异不显著。不同处理均使西花蓟马种群数量明显下降, 并且茉莉酸的抑制作用最明显。因此, 外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导的菜豆可对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态产生不同程度的影响, 且茉莉酸的诱导抗性要优于水杨酸甲酯。本结果对探索西花蓟马的防治新策略有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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Toma L Menegon M Romi R De Matthaeis E Montanari M Severini C 《Pest management science》2011,67(1):100-106
BACKGROUND: Heavy and constant use of organophosphorus (OP) larvicides selected Culex pipiens L. resistant populations through two main mechanisms of genetic resistance, the increased activity of detoxifying esterase and the production of alterate acetylcholinesterase‐1 (AChE1) by G119S mutation. The aim of this study was the assessment of the distribution of Cx. pipiens populations resistant to temephos and chlorpyrifos in the north‐eastern regions of Italy and the occurrence of the insensitive AChE in these populations. Data describe the situation in the last years before European legislation prohibited the use of OP larvicides in mosquito control, up until 2007. RESULTS: For the first time a high level of OP resistance in the samples from Ravenna (182‐fold, 80% A4/B4 or A5/B5 esterases and 38.3% Ester5), Emilia Romagna region, was detected; therefore, new data from the Veneto and Friuli Venezia Giulia regions were obtained and reinforced existing knowledge about resistance previously studied along the Adriatic coast. Nearby, in the Villa Verucchio locality, the highest (87.5%) AChE1R was found. CONCLUSION: Cx. pipiens resistance esterases A5/B5 and A4/B4 spread southward along the Adriatic coastal plain while OPs were being used in mosquito control, as confirmed by the first molecular screening of the AChE1 gene in these populations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是世界性的大害虫,对温室中蔬菜花卉造成巨大的危害。20世纪70年代后在世界范围内广泛而迅速地传播蔓延,近年入侵中国。西花蓟马对农药产生了广泛的抗性,使得生物防治一直作为其综合治理中的主导措施。本文综述了世界上西花蓟马生物防治的现状,以期为中国西花蓟马的治理提供一定的借鉴作用。 相似文献
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杀虫剂混用或加增效剂对瓜-棉蚜增效作用及机制的研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
1987年,根据瓜-棉蚜(Aphis gossypii Glov.)对拟除虫菊酯和有机磷杀虫剂的抗性机制,研究了一些有机磷化合物或增效剂,对这两类杀虫剂的增效作用及增效机制。在试验的化合物中,马拉氧磷和虫螨磷对氰戊菊酯有明显的增效作用,其共毒系数分别为814.4和1067.2。有机磷杀虫剂对氰戊菊酯的增效程度与其对α-乙酸萘酯羧酸酯酶(α-酯酶)的抑制能力呈极显著相关。异稻瘟净对马拉氧磷,TPP对久效磷也具有明显的增效作用,而异稻瘟净对乐果,TPP对氧化乐果则没有增效作用。 相似文献
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东亚小花蝽若虫对西花蓟马成虫的捕食作用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
室内开展了东亚小花蝽二龄、四龄若虫对西花蓟马成虫的捕食功能反应与搜寻效应研究。结果表明,在26℃试验温度下其捕食功能反应均符合HollingⅡ型方程,东亚小花蝽若虫的捕食量随着猎物密度的增加而增加,搜寻效应随着猎物密度的增加而降低,捕食上限分别为9.2头和23.0头。 相似文献
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本文测定了4株白僵菌在18、22、26、30、34 ℃ 5个温度下对西花蓟马成虫和若虫的毒力, 结果表明:白僵菌JMS、HS、MBb、RSB 4个菌株在这5个温度下对西花蓟马成虫均具有很高的致病力,绝大多数西花蓟马在5 d左右死亡,致死率均在97%以上,多数为99%~100%,致死中时为1.4~3.2 d,白僵菌RSB菌株对西花蓟马成虫的致死中时最短,在30 ℃下,仅为1.4 d。在各温度下供试菌种对西花蓟马若虫的致病力明显低于对西花蓟马成虫的致病力,其致死率一般在90%~99%,致死中时也相对较长。 相似文献