热研二号柱花草转化体系优化的研究

通过柱花草Stylosanthes guianensis转化过程中预培养时间、农杆菌Agrobacterium侵染浓度、乙酰丁香酮、植物组织浸提液、脯氨酸、硝酸银和农杆菌浸入法对农杆菌、外植体及共培养基的处理,研究了提高柱花草基因转化率的方法.试验结果:用预培养2 d处理外植体,10 μmol/L乙酰丁香酮和稀释5倍的番木瓜Carica papaya浸提液预处理农杆菌,1.5 mg/L的脯氨酸处理共培养基及采用农杆菌浸入法侵染外植体可以明显地提高柱花草的转化率;对农杆菌进行稀释,用柱花草浸提液预处理农杆菌及硝酸银处理共培养基对转化率无明显的影响.用SAS软件进行2×2的卡平方(x2)检验在最佳条件下的遗传转化表明:子叶和真叶的出芽率与对照相比差异都达到极显著.     

农杆菌介导多年生黑麦草遗传转化体系的建立

AVP1基因能够提高植物的抗盐性,通过农杆菌介导AVP1基因转化多年生黑麦草,并建立了较为成熟的遗传转化体系。研究表明,将预培养4d的黑麦草胚性愈伤组织经OD600为0.6左右的农杆菌菌液在负压下侵染6min,共培养3d,用250mg/L的羧苄青霉素(Carb)脱菌,附加150μmol/L的乙酰丁香酮(AS),然后转接到含75mg/L潮霉素(Hpt)的筛选培养基上进行筛选培养的转化体系效果最佳。     

农杆菌介导Chi-linker-Glu融合基因和bar基因转化玉米茎尖的研究

真菌性病害和田间杂草严重影响着玉米产量及饲用品质,几丁质酶和β-1,3葡聚糖酶催化病原真菌细胞壁的水解反应,二者协同作用能够有效地抑制病原真菌生长。为了获得兼具真菌病及除草剂抗性的玉米种质新材料,本研究通过对农杆菌介导的玉米茎尖遗传转化体系的优化,将几丁质酶、β-1,3葡聚糖酶的融合基因以及bar基因导入优良玉米自交系郑58,用200 mg/L的Basta除草剂进行筛选,并对抗性植株进行了PCR检测。结果表明, LBA4404菌液浓度(OD₆₀₀值)为0.6、乙酰丁香酮浓度为150 μmol/L、50 kPa负压侵染12 min为最佳的遗传转化条件;对除草剂筛选后的32株抗性植株进行PCR鉴定,有13株为阳性植株,初步鉴定结果表明目的基因已经整合进玉米基因组中。     

百脉根农杆菌快速高效遗传转化体系的建立

以百脉根品种“里奥”作为受体材料,以GUS基因为报告基因,研究了影响农杆菌介导的百脉根遗传转化的几种因素及表面活性剂(PEG 4000)、真空处理和乙酰丁香酮对提高转化效率的影响,建立了农杆菌介导的百脉根快速高效遗传转化体系,并获得了转基因抗性苗。结果表明,以子叶(带叶柄)为外植体,在OD600为0.5的菌液中,加入150 mg/L的PEG 4000,真空度6×10-2Pa,抽真空12 min,共培养3 d,转入含卡那霉素50 mg/L和羧苄青霉素300 mg/L的分化培养基中,约20 d后,50%的外植体分化不定芽,生根成苗。PCR初步检测表明有83%的植株为GUS阳性,转化率约为42%。     

海滨雀稗以hpt与bar基因为筛选标记的转化体系比较研究

海滨雀稗作为耐盐性较强的暖季型草坪草,具有极大的应用潜力。为建立高效稳定的海滨雀稗遗传转化体系,本研究以海滨雀稗成熟种子为外植体,确定了筛选剂潮霉素和草丁膦在海滨雀稗的愈伤组织继代培养和再生阶段的最佳筛选压。在进一步优化遗传转化条件的基础上,比较了以hpt与bar基因作为转基因筛选标记对海滨雀稗农杆菌介导的遗传转化效率的影响。结果表明：愈伤组织的再生率在继代36周后显著下降,继代48周的最高再生率为67.9%。潮霉素的最佳筛选压在继代培养阶段为120 mg·L^-1,再生阶段为80 mg·L^-1。草丁膦的最佳筛选压均为1.2 mg·L^-1。选取继代24周的愈伤组织用于农杆菌介导的遗传转化,最佳的转化条件为菌液浓度OD600=0.6,添加100μmol·L^-1乙酰丁香酮和0.01%的Silwet L-77,并辅以超声波处理20 min或真空处理10 min,浸染30min后共培养2 d。通过多次抗性愈伤组织和抗性再生苗的筛选,2种载体均获得了转基因再生植株。通过PCR检测证明hpt和bar基因分别成功在...     

农杆菌介导普那菊苣遗传转化体系的建立

以普那菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.cv.Puna)叶片为试验材料,接种于含不同激素浓度配比的MS培养基上进行愈伤组织、芽分化以及根再生的诱导,分析了不同激素浓度及其配比对愈伤组织诱导和芽分化以及根再生效果的影响。以已经建立的再生体系为基础,以农杆菌菌株LBA4404(含质粒pBin438-TaNHX2)侵染转化普那菊苣,探索普那菊苣高效遗传转化体系。结果表明:对外植体适宜的预培养时间为2～3d,与农杆菌的共培养时间也应控制在2～3d;侵染时间控制在8min左右;卡那霉素(Km)阳性筛选的适宜选择浓度为60mg·L^-1。乙酰丁香酮(AS)200μmol·L^-1是促进农杆菌转化的最佳浓度,200 W超声波处理、20次负压处理也可提高农杆菌转化率效果。26mg·L^-1 Km是野生型普那菊苣苗能够存活的上限,头孢唑林钠和头孢噻肟钠在500～1000mg·L^-1浓度范围内、羧苄青霉素300mg·L^-1和氨苄青霉素在40～60mg·L^-1浓度范围内均能较好的诱导出愈伤组织和芽。将来自小麦(Triticum aestivum)的Na⁺/H⁺逆向转运蛋白(vacuolar Na⁺/H⁺exchanger or antiporter,简称NHX,NHE或NHA)导入普那菊苣;经抗生素筛选以及针对TaNHX2基因的PCR检测和Southern杂交分析,证明获得了28株转TaNHX2基因的普那菊苣植株。     

农杆菌介导犁苞滨藜NHX基因转化苜蓿的影响因素

以新牧1号杂花苜蓿(Medicago varia Martin.cv.Xinmu No.1)和新疆大叶苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.cv.Xinjiang Daye)无菌苗叶片和子叶为材料,通过根癌农杆菌EHA105介导转化犁苞滨藜NHX耐盐基因,提高植株耐盐性。本文对农杆菌转化条件进行研究,结果表明:以预培养3d的子叶为转化受体,菌液浓度OD₆₀₀为0.4～0.5时,浸染10～15min,然后转入附加20～30mg/L乙酰丁香酮的共培养基,培养4d,可以获得较高的转化效率;对抗性芽的PCR检测初步证明,外源基因整合到苜蓿的基因组中。     

甘露醇及AgNO_3对根癌农杆菌介导的多年生黑麦草遗传转化的影响

多年生黑麦草是优良的牧草和草坪草.农杆菌介导多年生黑麦草遗传转化非常困难.为了建立稳定的多年生黑麦草遗传转化体系,本研究以品种"多福"种子成熟胚为外植体诱导愈伤组织,携质粒pCAMBIA2301的根癌农杆菌EHA105介导,进行遗传转化.在预培养及共培养基中添加0.1 mol/L甘露醇或5 mg/L硝酸银,并分析了二者对转化的影响.经巴龙霉素筛选、PCR及GUS组织染色检测表明,共获得了转基因植株38株.添加O.1mol/L甘露醇或5 mg/L AgNO3或O.1 mol/L甘露醇+5 mg/L AgNO3,转化效率分别为对照的1.96,1.59和2.95倍.结果表明,在根癌农杆菌介导的多年生黑麦草愈伤组织遗传转化中,在预培养和共培养基中添加甘露醇或AgNO3能提高转化率,且当二者共同添加时可显著提高.     

农杆菌介导的假俭草遗传转化体系的建立

以假俭草优良种质‘E126’为受体材料,以HPT基因为报告基因,通过农杆菌介导法转入ZjDREB1基因。研究了转化体系中筛选剂和抑菌素对胚性愈伤组织生长和绿苗分化的影响,以及菌液浓度、侵染时间和共培养时间对转化效率的影响。结果表明,愈伤筛选和再生苗筛选的最佳潮霉素浓度均为30 mg/L,头孢霉素作为抑菌素的最佳浓度为400 mg/L;菌液OD₆₀₀值为0.3,侵染30 min,共培养3 d为最优转化条件。经PCR检测,初步获得10株转基因植株。     

牛皮蝇HA抗原基因转化紫花苜蓿的研究

以“甘农1号”紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)7 d苗龄子叶和下胚轴为受体材料,建立了高效的苜蓿再生体系和遗传转化体系,筛选出MS+2,4 D 2.0 mg/L+6 BA 0.5 mg/L和MS+6 BA 0.5 mg/L+NAA 0.03 mg/L+GA3 2.0 mg/L为苜蓿子叶愈伤组织诱导和分化的适宜培养基;探讨了农杆菌浓度OD600约0.5、感染时间8~10 min、共培养时间2 d为适宜的转化条件。采用农杆菌介导法将Hyperdomin A（HA）基因导入紫花苜蓿,经PCR检测和Southern分子杂交分析,结果表明HA基因已经整合到苜蓿基因组中,可为牛皮蝇蛆病可食性疫苗的研究提供理论基础。     

Spurious hypercreatininemia: 28 neonatal foals (2000–2008)

Objectives – To (1) determine the occurrence of spurious hypercreatininemia in a population of hospitalized foals <2 days old, (2) assess the resolution of the hypercreatininemia, and (3) determine its association with survival in these foals. Design – Retrospective case series. Setting – 2 Referral hospitals. Animals – Foals <2 days old with an admission creatinine >442 μmol/L (>5.0 mg/dL) from 2 referral hospitals. Interventions – None. Measurements and Main Results – The medical records of 33 foals were reviewed. Twenty‐eight had spurious hypercreatininemia and 5 had acute renal failure. Admission creatinine was not significantly different between the 2 groups (mean [standard deviation]). The creatinine was 1,202 μmol/L (663 μmol/L) (13.6 mg/dL [7.5 mg/dL]) versus 1,185 μmol/L (787 μmol/L) (13.4 mg/dL [8.9 mg/d]) (P=0.96) in each group, respectively, though BUN at the time of hospital admission was significantly higher for acute renal failure foals (P=0.009). In the spurious group, serum creatinine at admission decreased to 504 μmol/L (380 μmol/L) (5.7 mg/dL [4.3 mg/dL]) by 24 hours, and to 159 μmol/L (80 μmol/L) (1.8 mg/dL [0.9 mg/dL]) at 48 hours, and to 115 μmol/L (44 μmol/L) (1.3 mg/dL [0.5 mg/dL]) at 72 hours. Twenty‐three of 28 foals with spurious hypercreatininemia survived to hospital discharge and there was no difference in mean admission creatinine between survivors (1176 μmol/L [628 μmol/L]) (13.3 mg/dL [7.1 mg/dL]) and nonsurvivors (1308 μmol/L [857 μmol/L]) (14.8 mg/dL [9.7 mg/dL]) (P=0.67). Twenty of 28 foals had clinical signs suggestive of neonatal encephalopathy. Conclusion – Creatinine decreased by >50% within the initial 24 hours of standard neonatal therapy and was within the reference interval in all but 1 foal within 72 hours of hospitalization. The diagnosis of neonatal encephalopathy was common in these foals.     

柱前衍生HPLC法测定猪乳中游离谷氨酰胺的动态变化

目的在于建立一种准确、简便、快速的高效液相色谱法,测定乳中Gln的含量;研究猪乳中游离Gln水平的动态变化规律。反相C18柱为固定相,异硫氰酸苯酯为柱前衍生剂,50mmol/L醋酸缓冲液(pH6.50)-乙腈(97.7∶2.3)为流动相,进行单泵洗脱,在波长254nm处检测Gln的含量。结果:线性范围25~500μmol/L,相关系数r=0.9987,批内变异系数为3.64%,高低2种浓度的回收率分别为(104.6%)和(99.9%)。猪乳中游离Gln含量在产后第1天为29.22μmol/L,随时间推移呈上升趋势,至产后27d(593.74μmol/L)达到高峰。结论:本法简便、快速、无需梯度洗脱,分离效果好,适用于有关动物的乳中Gln的检测和研究;缺乏Gln可能是仔猪断奶后腹泻的一个重要原因。     

乐果引起大鼠肝细胞凋亡的机理

通过给大鼠肝细胞培养液中加入乐果(0、3、10、30、100、300μmol/L),染毒122、4 h后,Annexin V/PI双染法检测肝细胞凋亡率;分别用Fluo-2/AM、双氢-乙酰乙酸二氯荧光黄(DCFH-DA)和罗丹名123检测细胞内Ca2+浓度、活性氧(ROS)和线粒体膜电位(Δψm)变化,并在扫描电镜和荧光显微镜下观察凋亡细胞情况,探讨乐果对大鼠肝细胞凋亡的影响。结果显示,肝细胞染毒12、24 h后,出现了明显的细胞凋亡的形态学变化,细胞凋亡率明显升高,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比差异显著(P0.05或P0.01),且呈时间-剂量效应。3μmol/L组细胞内Ca2+浓度极显著高于对照组(P0.01),之后随染毒剂量的增加,细胞内Ca2+浓度逐渐下降;细胞内ROS水平在3~100μmol/L随染毒剂量的增大和染毒时间的延长而升高,而在300μmol/L组略有下降,除3μmol/L组外,与对照组相比均差异极显著(P0.01);Δψm除24 h 300μmol/L组外均出现持续下降。结果表明,低剂量乐果染毒可诱导肝细胞发生凋亡,细胞内Ca2+、ROS和Δψm可能参与了这一过程。     

农杆菌介导的Lyz-GFP基因对匍匐翦股颖Peen A-1 转化和表达的研究

 以匍匐翦股颖ＰｅｎｎＡ-１成熟胚为供试材料,建立了其植株高效再生体系。利用农杆菌介导法将溶菌酶与绿色荧光蛋白Ｌｙｚ-ＧＦＰ双元基因转入匍匐翦股颖ＰｅｎｎＡ-１ 胚性愈伤组织中,经培养获得抗病转基因植株。并对Ｌｙｚ-ＧＦＰ双元基因转化ＰｅｎｎＡ-１的适宜条件进行了研究。研究结果表明,在２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２,４ Ｄ＋０．１ ｍｇ／Ｌ６-ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上ＰｅｎｎＡ-１愈伤组织诱导率最高,可达３６％,且质量最好。愈伤组织在ＭＳＯ＋０．５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ 上分化率最高,达４２．５％;浓度为３００ｍｇ／Ｌ 的头孢霉素（Ｃｅｆ）可抑制农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４的生长;ＰｅｎｎＡ-１胚性愈伤组织经携有ｐＢＩ１２１-Ｌｙｚ-ＧＦＰ的农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４ （ＯＤ６００值０．３～０．５）侵染１０～１５ｍｉｎ,共培养３ｄ后,转化愈伤组织生长状况良好,转化率达１２．５％,且在后期的生长和转化苗的再生中有良好的表现,转化苗再生率为２７．５％;转化植株有较强的荧光表达量,并经ＰＣＲ 检测,获得的２株匍匐翦股颖ＰｅｎｎＡ-１转化植株中均扩增出７５０ｂｐ的目标基因片断。     

过氧化氢诱导斜带石斑鱼原代肝细胞氧化损伤模型的构建

本试验以斜带石斑鱼原代培养肝细胞为研究对象,以过氧化氢为刺激源,以肝细胞存活率和抗氧化指标的变化为判断指标,旨在建立稳定的斜带石斑鱼原代肝细胞氧化损伤模型。在原代肝细胞培养液中分别添加0(对照)、100、200、400、600、800和1 000μmol/L过氧化氢,使之分别作用2、4、6、8、12和24 h,共42组,每组10个重复,测定肝细胞存活率。在得出适宜过氧化氢作用时间的基础上,使每个浓度的过氧化氢(每个过氧化氢浓度设6个重复)作用于肝细胞适宜时间后,收集肝细胞和培养液测定抗氧化指标,筛选使肝细胞发生氧化损伤的适宜过氧化氢作用浓度。结果显示:800μmol/L过氧化氢作用肝细胞8 h,斜带石斑鱼肝细胞的存活率降低至61.98%;800和1 000μmol/L组与其他各组相比,肝细胞超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(600μmol/L组除外)和过氧化氢酶活性显著降低(P0.05),丙二醛与脂质过氧化物含量显著升高(P0.05),但800和1 000μmol/L组之间差异不显著(P0.05)。以上结果表明,过氧化氢作用浓度为800μmol/L、作用时间为8 h,可作为建立斜带石斑鱼肝细胞氧化损伤模型的适宜条件。     

Ciclosporin A therapy is associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism in dogs with atopic dermatitis

The effect of ciclosporin A (CsA) on glucose homeostasis was investigated in 16 dogs with atopic dermatitis by determining plasma glucose, serum fructosamine and insulin concentrations, and serial insulin and glucose concentrations following a glucagon stimulation test, before and 6 weeks after CsA therapy at 5 mg/kg once daily. All dogs completed the study. Following CsA treatment, the median serum fructosamine concentrations were significantly higher (pretreatment 227.5 μmol/L; post-treatment 246.5 μmol/L; P = 0.001; reference range 162-310 μmol/L). Based on analyses of the areas under concentration-time curves (AUC) pre- and post-CsA treatment, plasma glucose concentrations were significantly higher (AUC without baseline correction 31.0 mmol/L/min greater; P = 0.021) and serum insulin concentrations were significantly lower (AUC without baseline correction 217.1 μIU/mL/min lower; P = 0.044) following CsA treatment. Peak glucose concentrations after glucagon stimulation test were significantly higher following CsA treatment (10.75 versus 12.05 mmol/L; P = 0.021), but there was no significant difference in peak serum insulin (52.0 versus 35.0 μIU/mL; P = 0.052). There was a negative correlation between baseline uncorrected insulin AUC and trough serum log CsA concentrations (r = -0.70, P = 0.005). The administration of CsA to dogs with atopic dermatitis leads to disturbances in glucose homeostasis. The clinical significance of this is unclear, but it should be taken into account when considering CsA treatment in dogs that already have such impairments.     

Contribution of α1-acid glycoprotein to species difference in lincosamides-plasma protein binding kinetics

Protein binding kinetics of lincomycin (LM) and clindamycin (CM) were studied using plasma, albumin and α₁-acid glycoprotein (AGP) derived from humans, dogs, cattle and sheep. Based on Rosenthal plots of LM and CM, drug-binding property in plasma presented specific and non-specific binding, except for LM in cattle and sheep and for CM in sheep, where only non-specific binding was demonstrated. Dissociation constant (Kd) and binding capacity (Bmax) for specific binding and proportionality constant (PC) for non-specific binding were as follows: Kd = 3.14 μmol/L, Bmax = 15.28 μmol/L, PC = 0.19 for humans; Kd = 3.84 μmol/L, Bmax = 6.55 μmol/L, PC = 0.14 for dogs; PC = 0.12 for cattle; PC = 0.16 for sheep in LM and Kd = 0.94 μmol/L, Bmax = 12.24 μmol/L, PC = 4.98 for humans; Kd = 1.48 μmol/L, Bmax = 9.52 μmol/L, PC = 2.91 for dogs; Kd = 1.22 μmol/L, Bmax = 4.45 μmol/L, PC = 2.40 for cattle; PC = 1.48 for sheep in CM. The specific binding for each species was different, showing more difference in Bmax compared with Kd. The non-specific binding of LM was similar among species whereas that of CM was different, implying species difference. The drug-binding property of AGP for each species was all specific binding and the Kd was comparable to that obtained from plasma, indicating that AGP is a major specific binder in plasma. The lack of detection of specific binding for LM in cattle and sheep and for CM in sheep plasma could be attributable to a higher Kd and lower plasma AGP concentration compared with other species. The drug-binding property of albumin was characterized as all non-specific, without a great difference among species. Except for CM in sheep, the lower PC in albumin solution compared with that in plasma suggested the presence of another non-specific binder in plasma, i.e. lipoprotein. From the simulation of drug-binding percentage to AGP concentrations, AGP could be a major contributor to drug-plasma protein binding in pathological states. The degree of AGP-drug binding for each species could vary according to the degree of increase of AGP concentrations from a healthy to a pathological state, inducing a decrease in the unbound fraction (fp): 6.1 fold for dogs, 4.6 fold for humans, 1.8 fold for sheep and 1.4 fold for cattle in LM; 5.8 fold for dogs, 5.7 fold for cattle, 4.0 fold for humans and 1.5 fold for sheep in CM. Therefore, the disposition and efficacy of lincosamides affected by fp can be modified differently by the change of fp attributable to the alteration of plasma AGP concentration in each species.     

芒果苷抗DHAV-1致鸭胚肝细胞炎性损伤的研究

【目的】探究芒果苷(mangiferin, Man)对鸭甲型肝炎病毒1型(Duck hepatitis A virus-1,DHAV-1)致鸭胚肝细胞(DEHCs)炎性损伤的影响。【方法】从14日龄SPF级麻鸭鸭胚肝脏组织分离原代DEHCs,用含不同浓度芒果苷(0、5、10、20、40、80和160μmol/L)的培养液培养48 h后,通过CCK-8法检测其安全浓度范围;用安全浓度的芒果苷培养DEHCs 12、24和48 h后,检测培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的活力,判定芒果苷对DEHCs的毒性作用。将DEHCs分为对照组(Mock)、模型组(Model)、芒果苷组(Man10、Man20和Man40)和利巴韦林组(Rib),每组3个重复,所有组细胞血清饥饿培养12 h后,Mock组加入含10%胎牛血清(FBS)的DMEM培养基,Model、Man10、Man20、Man40和Rib组用DHAV-1(MOI=1.0)攻毒2 h后,Model组更换为含10%FBS的DMEM培养基,Man10、Man20、Man40培养基中分别添加10、20和40μmol/L芒果苷,Rib组添加1μm...