四季蜜杧反季节花芽分化期叶片有机营养变化规律及其与成花相关性的研究

在反季节栽培模式下,研究四季蜜杧花芽分化期间叶片中可溶性总糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸等有机营养和碳氮比的变化规律,并分析有机营养与成花的相关性.结果表明,在花芽分化前期叶片可溶性耱含量先下降后上升,淀粉含量逐渐上升,但两者在花芽分化中期都有下降的趋势;在花芽分化中后期,可溶性蛋白含量达到最高,而游离氨基酸则是整个分化期的最低点.碳氮比出现两个高峰,即在花芽分化中期和花芽分化结束时.叶片可溶性糖和淀粉含量与成花关系较为密切.在花芽分化后期,叶片可溶性耱和淀粉与成花都呈显著负相关.游离氨基酸为四季蜜杧花芽分化提供了充足氮源.可溶性糖和淀粉在前期高,而碳氮比在后期高,都有利于花芽分化.     

遮荫对野生大百合叶片内源激素含量的影响

试验研究了在花茎抽生期对野生大百合遮荫后,其在成花过程中叶片内源激素的变化趋势.结果表明:不同遮荫条件下的大百合叶片的IAA,GA3和ABA含量变化趋势基本一致,IAA与GA3在花茎抽生期含量最高,其后呈下降趋势,而ABA的变化趋势恰好相反;较高比值的ABA/GA23与ABA/IAA,均有利于成花;遮荫程度越高IAA含量越高,ABA含量越低,其开花率也越高,花期越长,对照则因不能正常生长,激素的变化趋势与处理不一致.     

寒地百合小鳞茎膨大发育过程中碳水化合物的变化研究

对2个百合品种的小鳞茎膨大发育过程中碳水化合物变化进行了研究。结果表明:百合鳞茎和新鳞茎中淀粉含量始终高于茎叶和根;小鳞茎中淀粉含量苗期前降低,苗期至半枯期持续增加,半枯期至采收期淀粉含量稍下降;鳞茎中可溶性糖含量于栽植期最高,栽植期至苗期迅速下降,此后其含量基本稳定;鳞茎中还原糖从栽植期至现蕾后24 d始终呈下降趋势,而后稳中有升;茎叶中淀粉和可溶性糖含量从栽植期至半枯期始终呈上升趋势;苗期后,根系中还原糖含量几乎始终呈上升趋势。     

妃子笑荔枝现蕾开花期叶片碳水化合物和蛋白质含量变化研究

以妃子笑荔枝为试材,研究了现蕾开花期叶片碳水化合物及蛋白质含量的变化。结果表明,妃子笑荔枝现蕾开花期结果母枝叶片全糖含量不断减少,谢花后开始回升;叶片老熟前的淀粉含量,除第5类型结果母枝呈直线上升外,其他类型变化不大,花穗快速生长至谢花阶段,所有结果母枝叶片淀粉含量缓慢减少：叶片蛋白质含量盛花前缓慢增加,盛花期开始下降,直至谢花。     

脱毒兰州百合农艺性状研究

通过对脱毒兰州百合试栽后农艺性状的研究,结果表明:脱毒兰州百合较常规不脱毒的开花后各物候期延迟3～9 d,整个生育期延长8 d左右;在各物候期,脱毒兰州百合地上、地下各器官的生长量始终较常规苗大,其中,叶片数在前期的(幼苗期及显蕾期)差异为极显著,而开花期后差异显著;但鳞茎重量的差异却与此相反,前两个时期差异不显著,而开花期后差异极显著;根重在幼苗期及开花期差异显著,而在显蕾期及谢花后差异极显著.根数始终表现为差异为极显著.脱毒兰州百合的叶绿素含量及内外在品质都有提高.不同海拔的3个试验地点,脱毒兰州百合均表现出优于常规未脱毒兰州百合的综合性状.     

依据显微结构及光合特性探讨蝴蝶兰花芽分化的时期

以蝴蝶兰‘大辣椒’为试验材料,对花芽分化进程及期间光合特性和碳水化合物、可溶性蛋白及激素含量的变化进行研究。结果表明:花芽长度为0、2、4、8、16和24 cm时,分别处于花芽分化初始期、花序原基分化期、花原基分化期、萼片原基分化期和花瓣原基分化期(16和24 cm)。蝴蝶兰叶片的净CO₂吸收速率在花芽发育前期(0～4 cm)没有显著变化,花芽8 cm时显著降低。花芽中的碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白的含量显著高于叶片,碳水化合物在花芽长度为4 cm时达到稳定水平,可溶性蛋白含量在花芽8 cm时达到叶片与花芽的平衡;赤霉素(GA)的含量在花芽2 cm时达到最大值,生长素(IAA)含量在花芽4 cm时显著升高,玉米素(ZT)含量在花芽8 cm时显著降低,而ABA含量在花芽发育的过程中并没有显著变化。由此可知,当蝴蝶兰花芽开始分化萼片原基(8cm)时,光合生理及生化物质基本达到一个相对稳定的水平,此阶段的蝴蝶兰花芽已彻底完成成花分化。     

蝴蝶兰花芽诱导过程中碳水化合物在叶与腋芽中的分配变化

 研究了粉色蝴蝶兰（KM 833）在两个不同条件下处理（处理组：人工气候箱日/夜温25℃/20℃；对照组：温室大棚生长条件）过程中叶片和腋芽中碳水化合物在叶与腋芽中的分配变化。结果发现对照的蝴蝶兰新叶开始时面积增长较快，但最后的叶面积的大小基本相同，处理组的单位叶面积干样质量在15 d后超过对照组；处理组蝴蝶兰叶片还原糖含量在20 d达到1个小高峰后下降，在30 d后开始急剧上升,至50 d达到最大值(31.08 mg·g^-1DM)，对照组的蝴蝶兰叶片还原糖含量在整个试验期间则较为恒定且缓慢地增长，腋芽中的还原糖含量则随时间而下降；两种处理蝴蝶兰叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉含量均随着时间的进程而逐步升高，处理组的蝴蝶兰腋芽中的可溶性糖和淀粉含量则在处理15 d内有个快速增加后缓慢下降，对照组腋芽的三类碳水化合物在处理期间处于上升趋势。无论在叶还是腋芽中,诱导组的碳水化合物含量均高于对照组。     

杧果成花过程碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白含量的变化

以“南多美”和“椰香”两个杧果品种为试验材料,调查其物候期、抽梢率和成花率,选取花芽分化前后不同发育时期的顶芽,进行碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白含量的测定比较,探讨不同品种杧果成花过程中碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白的变化,为杧果花芽分化调控提供依据。结果表明,“南多美”和“椰香”在成花的各个时期,果糖、麦芽糖含量持续积累,其含量均以“南多美”含量高于“椰香”。两个品种的葡萄糖变化趋势不同,“南多美”呈先升后降,而“椰香”呈不断升高的趋势;蔗糖在花芽分化早期消耗,后期大量积累。两个品种的淀粉含量在成花过程中趋于稳定,可溶性蛋白不断积累;碳水化合物与可溶性蛋白含量的比值在成花早期增加,后期降低。“南多美”成花率显著高于“椰香”,且成花率与果糖、麦芽糖和可溶性蛋白含量均显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.816、0.506和0.456。说明杧果成花过程中碳水化合物和可溶性蛋白的积累有利于花芽分化,进入花芽分化期后,两者比值以易成花的“南多美”显著高于难成花的“椰香”。     

桃自然休眠过程中外源激素对花芽碳水化合物的调控效应

以曙光油桃为试材,分析了整个休眠期芽碳水化合物含量变化动态及不同休眠阶段外源生长调节剂的影响效应。结果表明:自然休眠前期淀粉缓慢积累,至11月下旬达最高值112.50mg/gDW,之后有大约35d的缓慢下降期,12月下旬迅速降低;可溶性糖则一直处于升高过程,与淀粉含量的变化相对应,12月下旬急剧上升至最高点110.34mg/gDW;碳水化合物含量的跃变期与自然休眠的进程相吻合。外源生长调节剂对碳水化合物的影响因使用时期而异:10月10日使用,GA3、6-BA使芽中淀粉含量降低,却提高了可溶性糖的含量,ABA的作用效应刚好相反;11月10日外源喷布3种生长调节剂均对碳水化合物含量无显著影响;12月10日使用,GA3、6-BA引起芽中淀粉含量迅速降低、可溶性糖的含量迅速升高,但ABA的影响效应不显著。     

百百鳞茎解除休眠与花期调控的研究

探讨了亚洲百合杂种系（Asiatic hybrids）‘新中心（Nove Cento）’在12℃冷藏过程中冷处理时间长短与花芽分化、花期调控之间的关系.结果表明：从冷藏开始至60 d,冷藏时间越长,鳞茎解除休眠所需时间越短,冷藏45 d以上,可完全解除鳞茎休眠;百合的花芽分化从冷藏45 d开始,栽植后30d基本完成;冷处理时间越长,百合植株开花越早,花茎越矮,而且还会出现二次抽薹开花的现象.     

唐菖蒲不同品种生理特性及栽培适应性的研究

１９９３～１９９７年研究表明,在贵阳地区,适应性较强的唐菖蒲浅色花品种的休眠球茎、发芽种球、幼苗期球茎及幼苗根的超氧化物歧化酶活性高于适应性较弱的深色花品种,而深色花品种的开花期母球、新球、新根、茎、叶、花药的蛋白质含量以及上部叶片的光饱和点、净光合速率、光呼吸速率、暗呼吸速率高于浅色花品种,花瓣的蛋白质含量低于浅色花品种。由此推测,唐菖蒲不同品种的栽培适应性差异与以上生理生化性状差异有关。     

The effect of various environmental factors on flowering of gladiolus. III. Temperature and moisture

Under conditions of low light intensity in winter, low temperatures (1–4°C) increase the occurrence of flower blasting. This chilling damage was observed at two developmental stages — immediately after planting and at the 7th leaf stage when spike emergence starts. Gladioli are extremely tolerant to high temperatures (up to 50 °C) as long as air humidity and soil moisture are at an optimum. The damaging effect of high temperature is generally indirect via its effect on plant water balance. Plants were directly damaged by high temperature during the period from planting to the first leaf stage. Decrease in soil moisture reduced flowering at most stages of development. The stages immediately after planting and just before spike emergence were the most sensitive.     

Characteristics of Dormancy of June-Bearing Strawberry(Fragaria Xananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta)

Abstract

The development of Fragaria xananassa Duch. cv. Elsanta was analyzed during summer and fall in order to define the sequence of growth alteration and dormancy with regard to inflorescence initiation. The leaf growth as well as the initiation of the inflorescence buds were followed in the fall by conditions imposed in a climate chamber, with plants then being transfered to conditions favorable for growth. Results pointed to clear changes in leaf growth characteristics over the late summer-early fall (September-October) period while the leaf emergence rate remained constant up to mid-October when it stopped. The first sign of inflorescence initiation started in early October, and the differentiation of the terminal flower reached the stamen initiation stage within 2 weeks. From early November, the terminal flower had initiated the carpel primordia and no further differentiation was detected later on. The plant growth potential, expressed by the size, at full growth, of the leaf or inflorescence axis emerging from the terminal bud, decreased progressively from early September and reached a minimum between October and November. By mid-December, the growth capacity of the plant was restored to a situation similar to that described for early September.     

氮营养与菜薹炭疽病及其相关生理指标的关系

 研究了6 种氮营养水平处理对菜薹炭疽病及气孔密度、叶绿素和糖含量的影响。结果表明,适宜的氮营养水平的植株气孔密度最小, 病情指数最低, 而过高、过低或不施氮营养, 特别是高氮水平下更有利于炭疽病的发生, 病情指数增高。炭疽病菌可破坏叶绿素的合成, 诱导可溶性糖的大量积累, 而适宜的氮营养水平可抑制炭疽病菌对叶绿素的破坏作用和可溶性糖的诱导效应。     

刺梨花芽分化期芽中内源激素和碳、氮营养的含量动态

在对贵农5号刺梨花芽分化进行观察的基础上,对花芽分化期刺梨花芽和叶芽中内源激素的赤霉素(GA1+3)、玉米素核苷(ZRs)、生长素(IAA)、脱落酸(ABA)和淀粉、可溶性总糖、总氮含量变化进行了研究。结果表明,刺梨的花芽分化期需要有高水平的ZRs、碳水化合物及低水平的GA1+3、IAA、ABA和较低水平的氮素营养。在整个花芽分化期,花芽的ZRs/GA1+3、ZRs/IAA、ABA/IAA、ABA/GA1+3及碳/氮比值比叶芽的高;在花芽生理分化期,花芽的ZRs/ABA比值高于叶芽,而形态分化期花芽的ZRs/ABA比值低于叶芽。在刺梨花芽分化的不同时期,花芽和叶芽中的GA1+3、ZRs、IAA、ABA、淀粉、可溶性总糖、总氮含量变化不一。     

小苍兰连续6个月供花栽培技术研究

利用促成栽培、常规栽培和延迟栽培相结合的方法,使小苍兰在上海地区达到１２月至次年５月连续６个月供花。促成栽培为种球经乙烯利处理提前打破休眠,再结合低温加赤霉素处理,于１２月至次年２月供花;在高温期间采取降温措施和低温期间采取加温措施,于２月底～３月供花。常规栽培于３月底～４月底供花。延迟栽培为１２月１日～１２月２０日种植常温贮藏的小球茎,于５月份供花。     

砧木对柑桔嫁接幼树早果影响的生理生化研究

本文研究了枳和红桔两种砧木对柑桔嫁接幼树结果早晚影响的生理生化差异。1.枳砧树较红桔树至少提早二年开花,枳砧树的单叶面积、株高、新梢生长量和干径均小于红桔砧树;2.花芽生理分化期枳砧树叶片的可溶性糖、淀粉及还原糖的含量均高于红桔砧树,叶片总氮含量变化不大,但在花芽形态分化期,砧木对叶片可溶性蛋白质含量的影响较大。叶片C/N比值与花芽形成存在一定相关关系。10月上中旬各因子二种砧木树的相对含量有一明显逆转过程,3.花芽生理分化期枳砧树叶片内源玉米素和脱落酸含量高于红桔砧树,赤霉素(GA_3)低于红桔砧树,整个试验期间,Z/GA_3和ABA/GA_3比值均为枳砧树高于红桔砧树。     

Investigation of plant growth and flower performance on a semi-extensive green roof

Understanding of plant growth and flower performance is crucial for appropriate planting design. This study was aimed to understand characteristics of growth pattern and flower performance in green roof plants and how plant species diversity effect these characteristics. A semi-extensive green roof was installed in 2005 and 54 species plant species were planted in 10 cm and 20 cm of the substrate in Rotherham, UK. Thirty-two quadrats (50 cm × 50 cm) were set up through the combinations of plant species diversity (high and low), planting density (high and low). Percentage of coverage and height of each species were recorded at every month from February to November 2006 in these 32 quadrates. Flowering time of each species was studied every two weeks from February to November 2006. Flowering time was various from plants; some showed a very long flowering time, over five months whereas some finished flowering within two weeks. The growth characteristics of individual plant species over time were categorized into six patterns of coverage and vertical growth pattern. Spread of individual plants was larger in high diversity of plants than those in low diversity of plants. Number of flowering was higher and overall flowering term was longer in the quadrats of higher plant species diversity than those of lower plant diversity. However, these tendencies were affected strongly by the combination of species used. Therefore, it is important to be aware of individual plant growth characteristics such as plant size, growth pattern and flower performance for planting design.