我国油菜生产现状及其对养蜂业的影响

油菜既是我国重要油料作物，又是我国南方冬春季和北方夏季主要蜜源植物。由于油菜种植面积大、分布广，开花期长，蜜多粉足，油菜蜜源在我国养蜂生产上起到很重要的作用，在各类蜜源中占重要地位。油菜蜜既是我国产量最大的蜂蜜品种，也是我国出口的主要蜜种。随着人民生活水平的提高，对食用油需求量的增加，近年来我国油菜生产迅速发展，种植面积和单产都有新的突破，品种更新换代较快，栽培管理技术也发生一些变化。本文就目前我国油菜生产现状对养蜂业发展的影响进行论述。     

山西省油菜蜜源分布面积及蜂群管理要点

<正>在上世纪八九十年代,油菜作为山西的主要蜜源植物之一,在养蜂生产发展中发挥了举足轻重的作用。近年来,随着种植结构的优化调整,油菜播种面积大幅度缩小,许多蜂友对山西当前油菜蜜源的分布生长状况也知之甚少,为了使大家对当前山西油菜蜜源的基本情况有个了解,我们团队非常高兴将本省油菜蜜源植物方面的一些最新信息介绍给大家,不足之处欢迎批评指正。一、全省油菜蜜源种植面积历史沿革据调查,从1980年开始至2012年止,山西省油菜种植面积波动很大,最低年份为2012年,全年种植面积只有4233公顷,最高年份为1986年,全省种植面积     

油菜蜜源的利用

我国油菜种植约有6千万亩,从南到北,从平川到高原都有分布,是栽培最多的蜜源植物之一。不仅面积大分布广,各地栽培比较集中,有利于养蜂生产和实现养蜂机械化。每亩按产蜜8～14斤计算,可产蜜4.8亿斤以上,相当于目前全国蜂蜜收购量2倍多。四川省目前年产商品蜜两千多万斤,油菜蜜占70％,青海占80％,是其它蜜源不能相比     

培育以油菜为主要蜜源的强群技术要点

我国油菜种植面积世界第一,油菜蜜、浆、粉产量第一,它支撑着我国蜂业的“半壁江山”。总结推广培育以油菜为主要蜜源的强群技术,对我国蜂业的发展有着积极的意义,现就十几年来各地蜂友反映的重点问题与大家交流。     

新疆昭苏地区养殖管理技术

昭苏草原约有9800km2,植物种类繁多达1200余种,蜜源植物丰富,也是新疆最大的春油菜产区,种植面积达80～90万亩,占全疆油菜种植面积的40%左右,被誉为"中国油菜之乡",蜜源极为丰富,非常适合发展养蜂产业.     

蜂疗趣闻二则

我市地处江汉平原腹地,近年来由于种植结构的调整,蜜源植物逐渐减少,大宗的蜜源只有油菜,因此夺取油菜蜜丰收成了摆在定地和小转地养蜂者面前的重大课题:丰收则全年生产主动,反之则将陷入窘境.     

寒冬腊月给蜜蜂找到温暖的家

正【贺宝璇,周道义报道】2017年1月,山东省烟台市牟平区通泰养蜂合作社社长李志通带领养蜂合作社的社员将一大卡车的蜜蜂拉到湖北省离油菜种植面积较大的区域放养,给蜜蜂找到一个温暖的家。湖北省油菜种植面积很大,主要集中在长江中游、汉江流域、江汉平原,种植面积占全国的1/6,从而影响着全国油菜蜜的产量和价格。在烟台市腊月的气温     

陇中蜜源植物及其历史变迁

蜜源植物在养蜂生产中占据着极其重要的地位.在传统的追花夺蜜养蜂生产中,陇中(甘肃中部)的蜜源是我国蜜蜂流转放养链条上重要的一环.它是南方广大蜂场经青海油菜大蜜源后,蜂群休整进入秋蜜的过渡期,或是作为青海油菜蜜减产的补救地.     

豫西山区小转地养蜂的探索

小转地是养蜂生产者为解决所在地蜜源不足 ,或某个时期蜜源脱节而采取的短距离赶花期的养蜂模式。经探索 ,此模式是我地养蜂生产的可行之路。蜂群在春季开繁后 ,如果蜂场附近缺蜜源 ,可把蜂群搬到开花早花期长的油菜种植区。这样做的好处有三点 :一是油菜蜜源区蜜粉充足 ,蜂群发展得快 ,可提前养成生产强群 ;二是不用奖饲 ,可节省一笔开支 ;三是油菜开花中、后期可脱一定量的油菜花粉 ,还可取１～２次油菜蜜。刺槐流蜜之前 ,如果油菜种植区的刺槐蜜源好 ,可就地不动。如果刺槐等蜜源不多 ,就得再赶一个刺槐花期。如果气候凑合 ,油菜、刺槐２…     

保蜂控产,夺取油菜蜜丰收

我市地处江汉平原腹地,近年来由于种植结构的调整,蜜源植物逐渐减少,大宗的蜜源只有油菜,因此夺取油菜蜜丰收成了摆在定地和小转地养蜂者面前的重大课题:丰收则全年生产主动,反之则将陷入窘境.     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。