Orexin A在鹌鹑间脑内定位分布的SABC法研究

采用免疫组织化学SABC法,研究orexin A在鹌鹑间脑内的分布。结果显示,orexinA阳性神经元胞体主要分布在间脑中下丘脑区的室旁核、室周区、外侧核和后内侧核,其阳性纤维则投射到丘脑和下丘脑的广大区域,其中在圆核、三角核、前脑外侧束、第五额束、视顶盖、中央白质层和外侧核等处较密集。结果表明orexin A存在于鹌鹑的间脑内,但其分布与大鼠之间有明显的差异。     

Effects of Shenpang acupoint-stimulation on estrogen receptor immunoreactive neurons in thalamus of rabbits

To investigate the effects of Shenpang acupoint-stimulation in reproductive endocrinology, the changes in estrogen receptor immunoreactive (ER-IR) neurons after Shenpang acupoint-stimulation were studied by using immunohistochemistry. ER-IR positive reactions were detected in most nuclei of the thalamus. In the acupuncture-treated group, a great number of ER-IR positive neurons with clear dendrites existed in the nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, ventrolateral nucleus, ventromedial nucleus, ventroprincipal nucleus, centromedian nucleus, reticular nucleus, and periventricular nucleus of thalamus, and they were mainly located in the cytoplasm, nucleus and neutrite, and some also existed in the cytoplasmic membrane. In contrast, a few neurons existed in the above-mentioned nuclei in the control group, but they were slightly stained. It is concluded that Shenpang acupoint-stimulation can promote the expression of estrogen receptors in the above nuclei. Translated from Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica, 2006, 37(1): 71–75 [译自: 畜牧兽医学报]     

北京鸭中脑脊髓通路的起源和细胞构筑：HRP逆行追踪法研究

在脊髓的颈中部、颈膨大部和腰膨大部单侧注射或包埋HRP(辣根过氧化物酶),逆行追踪了28例北京鸭,对中脑至脊髓的传导通路的起始部位、细胞构筑和机能进行了系统的研究。发现大量标记细胞分布在中脑对侧的红核,双测的Cajal中介核、中央灰质和动眼神经副交感核(即EW核)内。此外,还发现少量标记细胞分布在中脑中缝核和双侧的中脑外侧网状结构。而在顶盖内,没有任何部位出现标记细胞。研究结果表明,北京鸭除具有红核脊髓束外,还存在着Cajal中介核至脊髓的直接传导通路,EW核至脊髓的直接传导通路以及中缝核和网状结构至脊髓的直接传导通路,而不存在与哺乳类相似的顶盖脊髓束。     

光诱导c-fos基因在母鸡中脑的表达

为了解光照对母鸡生产性能的影响,采用c-fos法探讨光信息在母鸡中脑的传导通路,将鸡右眼遮光7 d后接受20 lx的光照刺激1.5 h,暗适应1.5 h后灌流固定,取脑制作石蜡切片,采用免疫组化方法检测c-fos基因在中脑的表达。结果显示:中脑内有大量Fos样免疫反应阳性神经元,主要见于左侧,分布于中脑SGC层、峡核(大细胞部Imc、小细胞部Ipc)、峡视核(ION)、中脑外侧核背侧部(MLd)、红核(RN)、滑车神经核(nIV)。表明光照信息主要通过视网膜经离顶盖通路传达至母鸡中脑,同时顶盖-峡核回路也起重要作用。     

水稻红莲型粤泰不育花药ATPase超微结构定位

 以ATPase定位研究了红莲型粤泰不育花药和可育花药。结果表明 ,单核中位期可育花粉ATPase定位于覆盖层外侧、柱状层和细胞核 ,单核边位期ATPase定位于覆盖层外侧和细胞核 ;二核期ATPase定位于柱状层、内壁、质膜以及细胞核上 ;三核期ATPase定位于柱状层、内壁、质膜生殖核和营养核的核仁上。单核中位期不育花粉ATPase定位于核仁 ,单核边位期ATPase定位于覆盖层外侧、柱状层、质膜以及细胞核上 ;二核期不育花粉ATPase定位于覆盖层外侧、内壁和核仁。单核中位期可育花药药壁发育良好 ,绒毡层吞噬泡有活跃的ATPase活性 ,单核边位期绒毡层内吞噬泡消失 ,绒毡层内含物减少 ,二核期绒毡层细胞完全解体。单核中位期不育花药药壁发育不良 ,绒毡层内吞噬泡少 ,单核边位期绒毡层出现大量吞噬泡 ,二核期绒毡层存在尚未解体的细胞质和核。大多数不育花药药隔结构及ATPase定位特征与可育花药相似。可能不育花药绒毡层发育迟缓、单核边位期不育花粉细胞质膜活跃的ATPase活性及花粉核异常与花粉败育存在较为密切的关系。     

Connections of the nurse shark's telencephalon

The extrinsic connections of the telencephalon of the nurse shark are very largely crossed and in this respect differ from those identified in all other vertebrate species so far examined. Studies with Nauta and Fink-Heimer methods have revealed telencephalic projections to the contralateral thalamus and optic tectum as well as to ipsilateral brainstem and rostral spinal cord.     

仔猪下橄榄核簇的形态和构筑——用Nissl,Weil和Golgi氏法研究

猪的下橄榄核簇由内侧副核、背侧副核和主核组成。内侧副核分为腹侧部、背侧部、Kooy氏背帽、Koo氏腹外侧突、B核和背内侧细胞柱;背侧副核分为主部和后脚;主核分为背板和腹板。在内侧副核腹侧部的腹侧,锥体的背侧,有一从未被报道过的特殊核团,暂命名为底核。     

鸡胸腺副交感神经的支配─—CB—HRP法研究

本实验将ＣＢ—ＨＲＰ注入鸡一侧胸腺内，通过逆行和跨神经节追踪支配鸡胸腺的副交感节前神经元的位置。其结果如下：１．在延髓双侧迷背核内发现标记细胞，标记细胞出现在闩后０．８２～０．１０ｍｍ，和闩前１．５５～２．４６ｍｍ两个区域内，主要应于闩后的尾背侧大细胞亚核和尾腹侧中细胞亚核，闩前的前背侧中细胞亚核、前背侧小细胞亚核、前腹侧小细胞亚核。标记细胞大多为中小型的圆形、椭圆形和梭形细胞。２．双侧舌咽神经背运动核出现标记细胞。３．双侧舌咽神经腹运劝核出现标记细胞，际记细胞为中等多极神经元，树突明显，交织成网。４．在双侧疑后核，中间带和中介核内都出现少量标记细胞。研究证明：支配鸡胸腺的副交感节前神经元位于迷背核、舌咽神经背运动核、舌咽神经腹运动核，亦位于疑后核、中间带及中介核。一侧胸腺受双侧神经支配。     

Beta-adrenergic-receptor localization by light microscopic autoradiography

beta-Receptors were identified in rat brain by a light microscopic autoradiographic technique. The procedure involved binding 3H-labeled dihydroalprenolol to beta-receptors in intact slide-mounted tissue sections and generating autoradiograms by the apposition of emulsion-coated cover slips, Biochemical analysis of the binding indicated that these conditions provided a high degree of selective labeling of beta-receptors. High densities of receptors were found in superficial layers of the cerebral cortex, throughout the caudate-putamen, in the periventricular nucleus of the thalamus, in the molecular layer of the cerebellum, and in other areas. These results are in agreement with other electrophysiological and histochemical data. This radiohistochemical approach should be an important addition to other methods for mapping functional catecholamine neuronal pathways and sites of hormonal action.     

不同冻存法对肌肉冰冻切片后HE染色和肌球蛋白ATP酶染色效果的影响

使用分步法和一步法冻存巴马香猪背最长肌,冰冻切片后比较苏木精-伊红染色法(HE染色)和肌球蛋白三磷酸腺苷酶染色法(ATP酶染色)效果。结果表明:分步法冻存的肌肉样品冰晶少,细胞形态完整,HE染色效果好,核质明显;ATP酶染色效果好,可较好地区分Ⅰ型Ⅱ型肌纤维。一步法冻存的肌肉样品冰晶多,细胞形态不完整,HE染色效果差,核质模糊;ATP酶染色效果差,基本染不上色,无法对肌纤维类型进行区分。分步冻存法的建立为通量式制备猪肉的恒冻切片奠定了基础,也为进一步开展相关性状的生理学、遗传学及种猪选育提供了很好的表型测定方法。     

利用组织化学染色和偏振光显微镜检识植物组织中草酸钙结晶的研究

[目的]探讨利用组织化学染色和偏振光显微镜检识植物组织中草酸钙结晶的可行性。[方法]将闪光相思树（Acacia stellaticeps Kodela,Tindale ＆ D．Keith）叶状柄用乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯包埋后制作半薄切片,分别用甲苯胺蓝和氨基黑10B对切片进行染色,利用偏振光显微镜在透射光和偏振光下对染色的切片进行观察和拍照,并且与在偏振光下观察和拍摄到的未染色切片进行对比。[结果]与单纯使用偏振光观察未染色切片和使用透射光观察甲苯胺蓝或氨基黑10B染色的切片以及使用偏振光观察氨基黑染色10B的切片相比．用偏振光观察甲苯胺蓝染色的切片能更准确地检识草酸钙结晶。[结论]该研究为检识植物组织中草酸钙结晶提供一种新的思路和方法。     

Visual pathway mediating pineal response to environmental light

Activity of the melatoninforming enzyme, hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase, in rat pineal is increased when the animal is exposed to continuous darkness, and it is decreased by exposure to continuous light. Response to environmental light is initiated in the retina and transmitted to the pineal by way of the central nervous system and the cervical sympathetics. The central visual pathway essential for mediation of this response is the inferior accessory optic tract. Visual pathways to thalamus and tectum do not participate in this response.     

Long-term potentiation in the motor cortex

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a model for learning and memory processes. Tetanic stimulation of the sensory cortex produces LTP in motor cortical neurons, whereas tetanization of the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, which also projects to the motor cortex, does not. However, after simultaneous high-frequency stimulation of both the sensory cortex and the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus, LTP of thalamic input to motor cortical neurons is induced. This associative LTP occurs only in neurons in the superficial layers of the motor cortex that receive monosynaptic input from both the sensory cortex and the ventrolateral nucleus of the thalamus. Associative LTP in the motor cortex may constitute a basis for the retention of motor skills.     

鸡卵巢腺癌的病理组织学观察

应用常规石蜡切片,H-E染色,对9例鸡卵巢腺癌进行病理学观察.结果表明,卵巢腺癌原发病灶位于卵巢表面,为圆形、白色的小结节,外形与未发育的卵泡相似.继发性肿瘤广泛分布于胰腺、腺胃、肌胃、各段肠管的肠系膜及肠系膜附着部,颜色灰白,质地坚硬,呈大小不一的珍珠样小结节.显微镜下癌细胞呈现不同的分化程度:幼稚型癌细胞胞核染色质丰富,胞质嗜碱性,不形成典型腺腔;成熟型癌细胞呈柱状或立方状,细胞核位于细胞基部,呈腺管样排列;衰老型癌细胞胞浆染色变淡,胞核浓染,严重者胞核碎裂成细小碎片,衰老型癌细胞排列紊乱,仅保留腺体样结构轮廓.     

Convergent projection of three separate thalamic nuclei on to a single cortical area

Three distinct sensory-motor nuclei in the thalamus project to parietal cortex in the Virginia opossum; the ventral posterior nucleus receives inputs from somatic sensory structures and projects to layers IV and III, the ventral anterolateral nucleus receives inputs from motor structures and projects to layers IV and III and inner I, and the central intralaminar nucleus receives inputs from sensory, motor, and other structures and projects to layers VI through outer I. The physiologically defined amalgamation of somatic sensory and motor cortex is correlated, therefore, with the extent of cortex that receives convergent somatic sensory and motor input from the thalamus.     

体外培养小鼠生精细胞的形态学

利用姬姆萨原液和瑞-姬染色法对30～35日龄小鼠精液和睾丸组织培养后的生精细胞和精子进行形态学鉴定.结果表明,用姬姆萨原液染色鉴定,精子形态清晰,细胞膜边缘清楚,呈紫红色,未成熟精子的染色程度浅于成熟精子;经过培养的睾丸组织用姬姆萨原液染色,生精细胞形态清晰,细胞核呈颗粒状,开始呈现深紫红色,胞质粉红色且带有蓝色背景,颜色较深,一定时间后颜色变浅;瑞-姬染色生精细胞形态完整清晰,细胞核、核仁、胞质分别呈现不同颜色.     

免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法诊断猪弓形虫病的研究

根据病猪临床表现以及病猪组织切片的常规苏木素-伊红(HE)染色和免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色对病猪作出初步诊断;采集病猪的各脏器组织,研磨后接种ICR鼠,分离鉴定病原,探讨免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法快速诊断猪弓形虫病的可行性。结果表明:常规HE染色法和免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法都能发现弓形虫的假包囊或速殖子。但是,HE染色切片仅能在个别视野中发现弓形虫,而免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法可在许多器官切片的多个视野中观察到更多的被染成棕黄色的弓形虫速殖子和假包囊,证明免疫辣根过氧化物酶染色法是诊断猪弓形虫病的有效方法。     

Gated visual input to the central auditory system

The central auditory system translates sound localization cues into a map of space guided, in part, by visual experience. In barn owls, this process takes place in the external nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICX). However, to date, no trace of visual activity has been observed in this auditory nucleus. Here we show that strong visual responses, which are appropriate to guide auditory plasticity, appear in the ICX when inhibition is blocked in the optic tectum. Thus, visual spatial information is gated into the auditory system by an inhibitory mechanism that operates at a higher level in the brain.     

Inherited epilepsy: spike-wave and focal motor seizures in the mutant mouse tottering

Mice with the mutant gene tottering (tg, chromosome 8, autosomal recessive) show, in adolescence, abnormal bursts of bilaterally synchronous spike waves as revealed in electrocorticograms recorded over long periods. The spike waves are accompanied by behavioral "absence" attacks and intermittent focal motor seizures showing somatotopic progression. Cerebral metabolic activity during seizures was assayed by autoradiography of brain sections from mice injected intravenously with 14C-labeled 2-deoxyglucose. Metabolic activity was increased bilaterally in selected brainstem structures. Spontaneous electrocorticographic and clinical seizures of this general pattern were recognized hitherto only in humans.     

长白猪肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结的显微形态及糖原PAS反应研究

[目的]对商品长白猪的组织形态学进行研究,了解商品长白猪宰前的生理状态。[方法]采集长白猪的肝脏、肾脏和淋巴结3种组织器官并制成石蜡切片,采用H.E染色方法对其组织结构进行研究。[结果]肾脏和肝脏的组织结构形态正常,肾脏和肝脏的细胞核染色明显,淋巴结的皮质和髓质分界不清晰,周围组织没有明显的淋巴索,淋巴窦较小。糖原PAS染色结果表明肝脏中的糖原颗粒较少,分布不均匀,而肾脏中糖原或糖蛋白多集中于血管球和肾小囊壁上。[结论]该研究可为今后进一步的商品长白猪理论研究奠定基础。