不同杀虫剂对苹果黄蚜的毒力及复配研究

采用浸虫法测定不同药剂对苹果黄蚜的毒力,并对不同药剂进行复配,测定复配药剂对苹果黄蚜的毒力和复配效果.结果表明:苹果黄蚜对啶虫脒最敏感,其次是吡虫啉、联苯菊酯、阿维菌素,对高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯敏感度较低,对马拉硫磷基本无敏感性.不同药剂复配以啶虫脒与阿维菌素配合效果最好,5种不同比例配合均表现为增效作用,其中啶虫脒与阿维菌素质量配比为2∶1时增效作用最明显,其余依次为啶虫脒与阿维菌素(1∶4)和(4∶1)、啶虫脒与高效氯氰菊酯(1∶4)、啶虫脒与氰戊菊酯(1∶4)、啶虫脒与联苯菊酯(1∶2),其共毒系数均高于400.田间试验同样表明:啶虫脒与阿维菌素(2∶1)桶混处理效果明显好于单剂.     

敌敌畏与溴氰菊酯混用对菜豆蚜的增效作用

通过敌敌畏和溴氰菊酯混用配比的筛选 ,结果表明 ,敌敌畏与溴氰菊酯的配比以11:1增效作用最明显 ,其共毒系数为133.70;田间药效试验表明 ,混配药剂防治效果均高于单剂敌敌畏和溴氰菊酯     

吡虫啉与三种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂对马铃薯桃蚜的联合毒力

本文探讨了吡虫啉分别与氰戊菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯和联苯菊酯复配对马铃薯桃蚜的防治效果,为合理有效地应用复配剂对其进行化学防治提供依据。应用共毒因子法和共毒系数法分别确定了最佳药剂配伍和最佳复配比例。采用共毒因子法测定结果表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯混配对马铃薯桃蚜防治有明显增效作用。进一步采用共毒系数法测定表明,吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯复配比例为2∶3时,增效作用最显著,共毒系数达276.82;吡虫啉与氰戊菊酯以6∶1复配时,表现出拮抗作用。     

7种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对啶虫脒在防治烟粉虱的增效作用评价

采用温室盆栽法研究了7种季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂对啶虫脒在防治烟粉虱的增效作用,为阳离子助剂在杀虫剂领域的开发利用提供一定的依据。结果表明：季铵盐阳离子1227、12143、31506与啶虫脒混用,在高浓度（200mg/L）处理下增效作用明显;1427、31551、31527与啶虫脒混用可延长其持效期;31503无增效作用。     

氯嘧磺隆与咪唑乙烟酸混配的联合作用测定及混用配方筛选

按孙云沛法测定了氯嘧磺隆与咪唑乙烟酸混配的联合毒力作用,盆栽试验采用二次回归正交旋转组合设计筛选了两者混用的最佳配方。结果表明：氯嘧磺隆与咪唑乙烟酸混用具有增效作用;对禾本科杂草狗尾草1〖DK1〗∶5和1〖DK1〗∶7的配比具有增效作用;对阔叶杂草龙葵1〖DK1〗∶7配比的增效作用最大,1〖DK1〗∶10和1〖DK1〗∶17的配比也具有明显的增效作用。两者混用没有拮抗作用。并通过筛选得到了两者混用防除稗草和反枝苋的最佳配方。     

噻虫胺等七种杀虫剂对黄曲条跳甲的毒力

采用浸叶法测定了噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯等7种药剂及其混用对黄曲条跳甲的毒力及增效作用。结果显示:7种药剂中噻虫胺对黄曲条跳甲的毒力最高,LC50值为315.1 mg/L,其毒力倍数是呋虫胺的3.23倍;其次为噻虫嗪和高效氯氟氰菊酯,LC50值分别为473.1和543.1 mg/L。噻虫胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯按5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8和1∶9的质量比混用,其LC50值分别是215.6、307.1、334.1、232.6和240.7 mg/L,均表现为增效作用,其中2∶8和1∶9混用的共毒系数分别达203.9和210.5,增效最显著;噻虫胺与丁烯氟虫腈按5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8和1∶9的比例混用,其LC50值分别为409.2、356.9、338.1、402.4和392.6 mg/L,除5∶5混用表现为相加作用外,其余配比均表现为增效作用,其中1∶9混用共毒系数为182.1,增效显著;噻虫胺与杀虫单按5∶5、4∶6、3∶7、2∶8和1∶9的比例混用,其LC50值分别为479.4、540.0、454.8、737.0和878.7 mg/L,其中3∶7混用的共毒系数为127.9,有明显的增效作用,其余配比均表现为相加作用。噻虫胺与高效氯氟氰菊酯、丁烯氟虫腈、杀虫单混用增效作用明显,可以作为防治黄曲条跳甲的高效药剂。     

小菜蛾幼虫对拟除虫菊酯类杀虫剂的抗药性与多功能氧化酶的关系

作者就上海梅陇、广州天河和江西莲塘的小菜蛾对拟除虫菊酯的抗药性及其与微粒体多功能氧化酶(MFO)的关系进行了研究。结果表明,上海种群(R)对溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和氯菊酯的 LD_(50)分别是江西种群(S)的>10414倍、2102倍和245倍。广州种群分别为>10414倍、>3569倍和1533倍。活体增效试验表明,酯酶抑制剂 TBPT 在低剂量(0.208μg/虫)时,对溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯都无增效作用,在高剂量(2.08μg/虫)时分别增效41.7倍和110倍。用 MFO的抑制剂 PB 作同样处理时,低剂量的 PB 对溴氰菊酯和氯菊酯的增效作用分别为5倍和12.9倍;高剂量的 PB 对溴氰菊酯增效562倍以上。~(14)C-氰戊菊酯代谢的离体研究结果表明,R 小菜蛾代谢~(14)C-氰戊菊酯的速度是 S 小菜蛾的2.1倍,TBPT 抑制~(14)C-杀灭菊酯的代谢约20%,而PB 抑制50%以上。由此可以得出结论,MFO 是小菜蛾对拟除虫菊酯的主要机理之一。     

草甘膦与果尔混配最佳配比研究

采用等效线法分析室内生测结果表明,草甘膦与果尔混用具有增效作用。草甘膦与果尔有效成分比例为15.57∶1时增效最明显,增效指数为1.98;有效成分比例为24.72∶1时,混剂的成本可实现最低,此时增效指数为1.84。因此在生产中,草甘磷∶果尔在(15~25)∶1的比例之间选择一恰当的混合是可行的。     

氰戊菊酯与敌敌畏混用的增效性研究

杀虫剂的合理混用不仅能有效地延缓害虫抗药性发展进程，同时还能提高药效、扩大所治范围、降低成本。近年来，复配农药发展较快，并有大量新产品上市，尤以菊酯类与有机磷复配为巨。但有关氰戊菊酯与敌敌畏混用却未见报道。为此我们研究了氰戊菊酯与敌敌畏混用的增效性。一、材料与方法（一）供试材料1．20％氰戊菊酯乳油（常州市农药厂），2．80％敌敌畏乳油（兰溪农药厂）；3氰戊菊酯＋敌敌畏乳油（1：5）自配；4，丙酮（分析纯）；5菜青虫（4龄幼虫）。（二）试验方法采集于南昌市郊区的荣青虫幼虫在室内以小白菜饲养，按FAO在1980年…     

乙基多杀菌素与4种杀虫剂复配对黄胸蓟马的联合毒力

为筛选出与乙基多杀菌素复配具有增效作用的杀虫剂组合,采用叶管药膜法测定了乙基多杀菌素分别与啶虫脒、毒死蜱、阿维菌素、高效氯氰菊酯复配对黄胸蓟马2龄若虫的联合毒力,并采用共毒系数法评价了复配组合的联合作用。结果表明,乙基多杀菌素与啶虫脒在配比为3∶7、5∶5、7∶3和8∶2时,与毒死蜱在所有配比组合中,与阿维菌素在配比为2∶8、3∶7和6∶4时,其共毒系数(CTC)均大于120,表现出显著的增效作用;而与高效氯氰菊酯在所有配比下均不具有增效作用。乙基多杀菌素与啶虫脒、毒死蜱、阿维菌素采用上述具有增效作用的复配比复配,在害虫治理和抗性治理中具有一定的应用前景和开发潜力。     

浙江省主要害虫抗药性发展现状及治理策略综述

本文报道了浙江省５种作物的９种害虫对２２种药剂抗性监测结果。其中二化螟对杀虫双、杀虫单、甲胺磷,棉铃虫和棉红铃虫、马尾松毛虫对溴氰菊酯,柑桔全爪螨对水胺硫磷、灭扫利、三氯杀螨醇,菜青虫和马尾松毛虫对敌百虫等均产生较高的抗性水平。同时,通过１９９２～１９９７年抗性治理研究,提出了抗性治理对策,通过实施和跟踪监测,慈溪棉红铃虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性从２８．６倍下降到１４．３倍,龙游柑桔全爪螨对氧化乐果、尼索朗、霸螨灵、双甲脒的抗性指数分别下降９．４９倍、０．７１倍、１０．９３倍和１６．１９倍。     

棉铃虫对溴氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯及其复配剂的抗性趋势与交互抗性

在70％的高选择压下,分别用溴氰菊酯、三氟氯氰菊酯和凯明2号(50％辛硫磷·甲基对硫磷·三氟氯氰乳油,即含三氟氯氰菊酯的复配药剂)对室内饲养了12代未经农药处理的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(H(?)bner)敏感品系进行了抗性筛选。结果,经连续筛选至第12代的LD_(50)值与筛选前第1代的LD_(50)值比较,抗溴氰菊酯种群对溴氰菊酯的抗性为136.7倍,属高抗水平;抗三氟氯氰菊酯种群对三氟氯氰菊酯的抗性为9.5倍,抗凯明2号种群对凯明2号的抗性为3.4倍,均属低抗水平。用8种常用杀虫剂分别对这3个种群在停止上述杀虫剂筛选2代后进行了交互抗性分析。结果表明,3个种群平均对8种杀虫剂的抗性倍数中,对溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、灭多威的抗性极显著高于其余5种杀虫剂;3个种群的平均抗性倍数之间差异极显著,顺序依次为抗溴氰菊酯种群>抗三氟氯氰菊酯种群>抗凯明2号种群;以平均抗性倍数表示的抗性种群与杀虫剂的交互作用有以下几个结果:①高抗溴氰菊酯的种群对氰戊菊酯和灭多威有极显著的交互抗性,但对三氟氯氰菊酯和凯明2号仍反应敏感。②抗三氟氯氰菊酯和抗凯明2号的2个种群对溴氰菊酯有极显著的交互抗性;抗三氟氯氰菊酯种群对灭多威和氰戊菊酯有一定抗性,抗凯明2号种群对硫丹有一定抗性。     

不同生境中稻飞虱种群动态研究

菊酯类农药对水稻螟虫有优异的防治效果,但引起稻飞虱的更大发生。作者用溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯及对稻飞虱高效的噻嗪酮等杀虫剂和对稻飞虱不同抗感水平的水稻品种组成不同的化学、品种环境,系统观察稻飞虱种群动态差异。结果表明,同一水稻品种,不同农药,稻飞虱种群增长量不一样。同一农药,不同水稻品种,稻飞虱的发生亦不同。溴氰菊酯或氰戊菊酯用到感虫品种上,有利因子重叠,稻飞虱的发生量最大;用到中抗品种上,有利因子与不利因子重叠,有效地抑制稻飞虱种群的增长。先将溴氰菊酯喷洒到感虫品种上,10天后再用噻嗪酮,两个有利因子重叠后再加一不利因子,仍可控制稻飞虱的为害。     

辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯及其混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雄性生殖的影响

用组织化学和生化分析法探讨了辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯和辛氰混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雄性生殖功能的影响。结果表明:(1)2种单剂与混剂处理后雄蛹重量降低,化蛹率下降,对蛹历期无影响;(2)3种药剂对真核精子发生有抑制作用,而对无核精子的发生无影响;(3)辛硫磷处理后附腺和精包腺的蛋白质含量下降,氰戊菊酯和混剂对附腺和精包腺无显著影响;(4)辛硫磷处理后的雄蛾与正常的雌蛾配对,其交配力显著下降,雌蛾产有效卵显著减少;(5)辛氰混剂在影响棉铃虫生长发育和真核精子发生方面具有明显的增效作用。     

辛硫磷、氰戊菊酯及其混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雌性生殖的影响

用组织化学和生化分析法探讨了辛硫磷，氰戊菊酯和辛氰混剂对棉铃虫生长发育及雄性生殖功能的影响。结果表明：（1）2种单剂与混剂处理后雄蛹重量降低，化蛹率下降，对蛹历期无影响；（2）3种药剂对真核精子发生有抑制作用，而对无核精子的发生无影响；（3）辛硫磷处理后附腺和精包腺的蛋白质含量下降，氰戊菊酯和混剂对附腺和精包腺无显著影响。（4）辛硫磷处理后的雄蛾与正常的雄蛾配对，其交配力显著下降，雌蛾产有效卵显著减少；（5）辛氰混剂在影响棉铃虫生长发育和真核精子发生方面具有明显的增效作用。     

The ovicidal action of insecticides and insect growth regulator/insecticide mixtures on the eggs of various ages of susceptible and diflubenzuron-resistant strains of Spodoptera littoralis boisd

The ovicidal action of four insecticides and three insect growth regulators, on eggs of various ages of the susceptible (S) strain of Spodoptera littoralis, was investigated. The results revealed that diflubenzuron was the most toxic compound tested on 0-1-day-old eggs, followed by triprene and then methoprene; chlorpyrifos came next in its toxicity, followed by cypermethrin then fenvalerate; methomyl was the least effective. With the progress of embryonic development, 1-2-day-old eggs showed slight tolerance to the action of the pesticides and juvenoids, but apparently resisted the action of diflubenzuron. Eggs 2-3 days old showed increased tolerance to the insecticides and diflubenzuron and, to a lesser extent, to the action of the two juvenoids. A total of 21 insecticide or insect growth regulator-insecticide mixtures, based on their toxicity equivalents (LD₂₅ + LD₂₅), were applied jointly on 0-1-day-old eggs of the S strain. The mixtures which produced high synergism on this stage could be arranged, according to their decreasing order of potentiation, as follows: fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, cypermethrin/triprene, methomyl/methoprene, cypermethrin/methoprene, fenvalerate/ methoprene, cypermethrin/methomyl, cypermethrin/diflubenzuron, fenvalerate/triprene, diflubenzuron/methoprene and methomyl/triprene. The mixtures that produced synergistic effects on 0-1-day-old eggs were also tested against the 1-2 and 2-3-day-oldeggs of the S strain. Theresults indicated that themixtures fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, and cypermethrin with either triprene or diflubenzuron, when tested on 1-2-day-old eggs, produced levels of synergism nearly similar to those achieved on newly deposited eggs. On the other hand, the mixtures cypermethrin/methomyl, and fenvalerate with methoprene or triprene, showed comparatively lower levels of synergism. However, the synergistic action of the mixture cypermethrin/methoprene, previously detected on newly deposited eggs, became an additive effect on 1-2-day-old eggs. Only the mixtures fenvalerate/diflubenzuron, cypermethrin/triprene and fenvalerate/methoprene showed synergism on 2-3-day-old eggs. The mixtures which showed synergistic effects on 0-1-day-old eggs of the S strain were further tested on eggs of various ages of the diflubenzuron-resistant (R_d) strain. As regards 0-1-day-old eggs, only the combinations cypermethrin/triprene, methomyl/methoprene and fenvalerate/methoprene produced additive effects. The mixture cypermethrin/diflubenzuron was still synergistic against newly deposited eggs of the R_d strain, in a manner similar to that indicated with the S strain. Apparent levels of antagonism were shown to the other insecticide-juvenoid mixtures as well as to the diflubenzuron/methoprene combination. The combinations cypermethrin/methomyl and fenvalerate/diflubenzuron had some effect on the freshly deposited eggs of the R_d strain but produced lower levels of potentiation. With the increase in age of the eggs, the mixture cypermethrin/diflubenzuron showed a lower level of synergism on the 1-2 day-old eggs than was observed in younger eggs. The additive effects, previously detected with some of the mixtures on newly deposited eggs became an antagonistic effect for the 1-2-day-old eggs. The eggs at this stage were more able to resist thejoint action of the other mixtures tested. Moreover, with further increase in the age of the eggs, the combination cypermethrin/diflubenzuron produced a lower level of potentiation on 2-3 day-old eggs, followed by fenvalerate/diflubenzuron at an even lower level, while the other mixtures showed various levels of antagonism.     

Stability of pyrethroids on wheat in storage

The four pyrethroids, permethrin, phenothrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin were applied to wheat which was stored for 52 weeks at 25 or 35°C, and either 12 or 15% moisture content. Rates of loss were calculated from residue analyses of the wheat at five intervals during storage. Calculated half-lives (weeks) for the pyrethroids at 25°C (12% moisture) and 35°C (15% moisture) were: permethrin 252 and 44, phenothrin 72 and 29, fenvalerate 210 and 74, and deltamethrin 114 and 35, respectively.     

Comparative efficacy and economics of insecticides against chickpea semilooper,Autographa nigrisigna Walker (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera) infesting chickpea

Abstract

All fifteen insecticides tested significantly reduced pest levels. Permethrin 25 e.c. @ 150ga.i./ha proved significantly superior than other insecticides during both the years when observed 3 days after treatment but was at par with deltamethrin 2.8 e.c. and fenvalerate 20 e.c. when observed 7 and 15 days after spraying. Isofenphos was least effective, however, it did not differ significantly from phosalone during 1981–82 and fenitrothion, triazophos and phosalone during 1982–83. Maximum and the minimum cost benefit ratios of 1 : 10.6 and 1 : 4.0 were obtained in gamma BHC and fenvalerate treated plots respectively.     

Residues of cypermethrin,fenvalerate and deltamethrin on cauliflower

Following the application of Cypermethrin, fenvalerate and deltamethrin to a cauliflower crop at rates of 50, 50 and 12 g a.i. ha^-1, the maximum initial deposits of these insecticides on heads and leaves were 1.10 and 0.75, 1.14 and 0.60, and 0.32 and 0.12 mg kg^-1, respectively. These residue values for fenvalerate were less than the maximum residue limit (MRL) of 2 mg kg^-1 for this crop. While the maximum initial deposits of Cypermethrin and deltamethrin on cauliflower leaves were less than their respective MRL values of 1 and 0.2 mg kg^-1 for brassica leafy vegetables, it took one day for their residues on cauliflower heads to decline below this level.