太岳山油松人工林土壤呼吸组分及其影响因子

采用挖壕法测定无根和有根样地的土壤呼吸,确定太岳山油松人工林群落土壤呼吸中异养呼吸和根系自养呼吸的贡献率及其影响因子。结果表明:对照与挖壕样方土壤温度和湿度均呈显著的季节变化;2010和2011年土壤呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率均值分别为2.71和2.22μmol·m-2s-1,2010和2011年异养呼吸速率比土壤呼吸速率分别下降了13.7%和21.1%;2010—2011年土壤自养呼吸速率为0.01～0.89μmol·m-2s-1,自养呼吸速率均值为0.49μmol·m-2s-1,2年间自养呼吸速率贡献率为0.2%～37.7%,年均自养呼吸速率贡献率为20.2%;土壤呼吸速率、异养呼吸速率与土壤2,5和10cm深处土壤温度均呈显著指数相关(P0.001),而土壤呼吸速率、异养呼吸速率与5cm深处土壤湿度的相关性并不显著(P0.05);利用2cm深处土壤温度拟合土壤呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率时,异养呼吸速率的温度敏感系数Q10值略高;土壤温度和湿度的双变量模型可以很好地解释土壤呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率的季节变化,拟合方程的R2值为0.70～0.78。     

黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤呼吸的季节动态

[目的]分离并量化土壤自养呼吸和异养呼吸,探讨各自贡献率及其随季节变化的动态特征。[方法]采用壕沟法和气体红外分析法,研究黄河小浪底库区山地栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸速率的季节动态变化、贡献率和环境影响因子。[结果]表明:栓皮栎人工林总土壤呼吸、自养呼吸和异养呼吸均呈夏季速率高、冬季速率低。栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸及异养呼吸速率与5 cm土壤温度均呈极显著指数相关,温度敏感性系数Q_(10)值大小为自养呼吸(3.40)异养呼吸(2.90)土壤总呼吸(2.45);栓皮栎土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸、异养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤体积含水量均显著线性相关;土壤总呼吸、自养呼吸速率与0 10 cm土壤电导率显著相关。土壤总呼吸和异养呼吸的温度敏感系数Q_(10)值均在冬季最大,夏秋季最小;而自养呼吸的Q_(10)值则呈相反的变化趋势。栓皮栎人工林自养呼吸和异养呼吸对土壤总呼吸的月贡献率为13.23%37.33%和62.67%86.76%,且自养呼吸的贡献率与土壤温度的季节变化规律相似。土壤总呼吸、异养呼吸与自养呼吸的CO2年通量分别为1 616.41、1 199.39、417.02 g·m~(-2)·a~(-1)。[结论]经过区分与定量化土壤总呼吸及其组分,确定异养呼吸为本研究区栓皮栎人工林土壤总呼吸的主要组分,作用于异养呼吸的生物与非生物因子均能显著影响整个森林生态系统表层CO_2总排放通量的大小,进一步为该研究区森林生态系统碳循环与能量流动的进一步量化研究提供参考。     

毛乌素沙地油蒿灌丛生态系统的土壤呼吸特征

【目的】探究毛乌素沙地半干旱区典型油蒿灌丛生态系统土壤呼吸速率特征,揭示土壤温湿度对土壤呼吸速率的影响,以期为预估半干旱区土壤碳排放提供科学依据。【方法】在宁夏盐池选取典型油蒿群落,采用切根法剖分土壤呼吸组分,于2014年4—10月利用自动气室法对切根处理与对照样地的土壤呼吸速率进行连续观测,采用指数方程拟合土壤呼吸组分对土壤温度的响应,并运用线性回归分析温度响应函数残差(观测值/预测值)与土壤含水率间的关系。【结果】在日尺度、自养呼吸速率最大值出现时间(11:00)早于土壤温度最大值出现时间(15:00),而异养呼吸速率最大值出现时间基本与土壤温度最大值出现时间一致;在生长季中期(6—8月),土壤总呼吸速率,自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率的温度敏感性(Q10)分别为1.51,1.40和1.88;自养呼吸速率对温度的响应受水分的影响,当土壤含水率小于8%时,土壤温度仅能解释自养呼吸速率季节变异的36%(Q10=1.10),自养呼吸速率的温度响应函数残差随土壤含水率升高而增加(R2=0.59,P0.05);当土壤含水率大于8%时,自养呼吸速率随土壤温度升高呈指数增加(R2=0.75,Q10=1.88),自养呼吸速率的温度响应函数残差与土壤含水率无显著关系;与自养呼吸速率不同,异养呼吸速率对温度的响应受水分的影响较小,在不同土壤水分条件下均随土壤温度升高呈指数增加(R20.65);自养呼吸贡献率(自养呼吸速率/土壤总呼吸速率)在日尺度上存在中午降低的现象;在季节尺度,RA/RT呈现出明显的季节性波动,在5—8月平均为54%,9—10月平均为69%。【结论】在日尺度,自养呼吸速率受土壤温度的影响较小,而异养呼吸速率主要受土壤温度调节;在季节尺度,异养呼吸速率主要受土壤温度调节,其Q10高于自养呼吸速率;而自养呼吸速率对温度的响应受水分的调节,其Q10随土壤含水率升高而增大;自养呼吸贡献率在日尺度与季节尺度的动态变化很可能来源于呼吸组分对环境因子的差异响应。     

集约经营雷竹林土壤呼吸年动态变化规律及其影响因子

在浙江临安市雷竹主产区定位监测1年内土壤各组分呼吸动态。结果表明:雷竹林地土壤总呼吸速率、土壤生物异养呼吸速率及根系自养呼吸速率的年平均值分别为5.42,2.24和2.89μmolCO2·m-2s-1;1年中分别在2和7月出现土壤呼吸峰值;雷竹林地土壤年释放CO2量为73.40t·hm-2a-1,其中林地异养呼吸和自养呼吸分别占总呼吸的45.67%和54.33%;土壤呼吸、土壤生物异养呼吸和土壤根系自养呼吸均与土壤温度呈明显的指数关系,以土壤5cm深处温度为依据得到的温度系数(Q10值)分别为1.70,1.86和1.48,土壤总呼吸与土深5cm处土温、8:00气温、土壤水溶性有机碳含量和土壤总有机碳含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01),而土壤含水量、8:00大气相对湿度和土壤水溶性有机碳含量与土壤呼吸无显著相关性。     

华北石质山区侧柏人工林根系呼吸特征的研究

通过用环割法＋基于红外动态分析法的Li-8100,于2010年6月至2010年12月对位于河南省济源市的华北石质山区35 a生侧柏人工林的根系呼吸速率（Rr）进行研究。结果表明：（1）生长季根系呼吸的日变化明显,呈单峰曲线,进入非生长季后,根系呼吸无明显的日变化。（2）侧柏林根系呼吸季节变化明显,最大值出现在夏季的8月,最小值出现在冬季的12月。进入生长季后根系呼吸贡献率呈上升趋势,至10月左右达到最大值52.11%,然后开始下降。（3）侧柏林Rr与5 cm深度处的土壤温度呈极显著的指数相关关系（p〈0.01）,表征根系呼吸对土壤温度敏感性大小的参数Q10值为2.46;Rr与土壤含水量呈显著的二次曲线关系（p〈0.05）;侧柏根系呼吸速率受土壤温度和湿度的共同控制,二者可以共同解释侧柏林根系呼吸速率变化的84.4%,其中土壤温度是影响根系活动的最主要环境因子。     

樟树人工林土壤呼吸的动态变化

以长沙市城市森林中的樟树人工林为研究对象,用LI-COR-6400-09测定樟树人工林生长期土壤呼吸的日变化、全年的季节变化,并分析其与土壤温度因子之间的关系.结果表明：土壤呼吸的日变化呈单峰曲线,最高值出现在15：00～20：00,最低值均出现在早晨5：00～6：00,与5cm处土壤温度变化相一致,呈显著正相关;季节变化呈不规则的曲线格局,年均土壤呼吸速率为443.52mg&#183;m^-2h^-1,最大值为976.54mg&#183;m^-2h^-1,出现在7月下旬5cm处土壤温度最高时,最小值为23.13mg&#183;m^-2h^-1,出现在1月下旬5cm处土壤温度最低时;樟树人工林土壤呼吸的季节变化与土壤温度呈显著的指数相关,拟合方程为Rs=0.1598e0.1355t,R2=0.949,P〈0.000,土壤温度可以分别解释土壤呼吸变化的94.9%;土壤呼吸温度敏感性Q10值为3.88.     

滇中高原云南松天然林和人工林土壤呼吸特征的比较

以云南磨盘山国家森林公园云南松天然林和人工林为研究对象,采用LI-6400-09便携式土壤呼吸室对土壤呼吸速率进行连续定位观测。结果表明:(1)两种林分的土壤呼吸速率具有明显的季节变化,均呈单峰曲线趋势;云南松天然林土壤呼吸速率在1.58~4.23μmol·m-2s-1之间,变异幅度为2.68;人工林土壤呼吸速率在1.13~3.34μmol·m-2s-1之间,变异幅度为2.96。(2)土壤呼吸速率的季节变化与不同层次土壤含水量均显著正相关(p0.05),而与不同层次土壤温度的相关性仅在云南松人工林达到显著水平。(3)双因素关系模型拟合结果表明,土壤温度和含水量共同解释了云南松天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率的80.8%~93.0%和84.2%~85.9%。(4)两种林分土壤呼吸速率与土壤有机质含量相关性不显著(p0.05),土壤全氮含量仅与云南松天然林土壤呼吸相关性显著(R2=0.712,p0.05),而土壤水解氮含量对两林分土壤呼吸的影响均达到显著水平(p0.05),土壤C/N则与两林分呈极显著(p0.01)的负相关关系。因此,与天然林相比,人工林土壤温度、湿度及土壤C、N养分含量等土壤环境因子都存在变化,从而导致云南松天然林和人工林土壤呼吸速率时空变化的差异性。     

长白山白桦林地土壤呼吸的季节变化

2004年5月至9月,研究了长白山白桦林土壤呼吸以及根系呼吸对土壤呼吸的贡献随土壤温度和土壤湿度的季节变化,研究结果表明：土壤总呼吸、断根土壤呼吸和根系呼吸在生长季内有相似的季节变化趋势,夏季潮湿而且温度较高,呼吸速率也较高,春季和秋季温度较低,呼吸速率也较低。2004年5月至9月,土壤总呼吸、断根土壤呼吸和根系呼吸的平均值分别为4.44,2.30和2.14μmol&#183;m^-2s^-1,三者与土壤温度均呈指数相关,与土壤湿度呈线性相关,三者的Q10值分别为2.82,2.59和3.16,这与其他学者的结果相似。根系呼吸是土壤呼吸的一个重要组成部分,2004年5月至9月,根系呼吸对土壤总呼吸的贡献在29.3～58.7%之间。根据Q10模型估算的土壤总呼吸、断根土壤呼吸和根系呼吸的全年平均值分别为1.96、1.08和0.87μmol&#183;m^-2s^-1,即741.73、408.71和329.24gC&#183;m^-2&#183;a^-1,全年根系对土壤总呼吸的贡献为44.4%。土壤呼吸和土壤温度之间的关系模型是了解和预测长白山白桦林生态系统潜在的随森林管理和气候变化而变化的有用工具。     

长期施氮对暖温带油松林土壤呼吸及其组分的影响

【目的】比较长期施氮下不同氮水平间暖温带油松天然林土壤呼吸速率、自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率差异,揭示土壤呼吸各组分变化的主要影响因子,以期为评价区域森林长期施氮对土壤呼吸的影响提供科学依据。【方法】在山西太岳山油松天然林进行10年(2009—2018)的氮添加试验,设置4个氮添加处理:对照(CK,0 kg N·hm-2a-1)、低氮(LN,50 kg N·hm-2a-1)、中氮(MN,100 kg N·hm-2a-1)和高氮(HN,150 kg N·hm-2a-1),于2016—2018年生长季对土壤呼吸速率、自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率进行监测。【结果】在长期(8～10年)施氮下,相比对照,LN、MN和HN处理的年均土壤呼吸速率分别降低21.9%、27.3%和29.1%,年均异养呼吸速率分别降低21.8%、36.6%和31.4%,而土壤自养呼吸速率未改变,土壤p H值下降0.07、0.37、0.78个单位,微生物生物量碳含量下降了11.3%、14.5%、14.7%,但长期施氮未改变土壤有机碳、全氮和细根生物量;异养呼吸速率与土壤微生物生物量碳及自养呼吸速率与细根生物量均呈显著的线性正相关(P0.01);不同处理下土壤自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率与土壤温度均呈显著的指数正相关(P0.05);长期施氮可提高土壤自养呼吸的温度敏感性(Q10)(CK=2.19、LN=2.90、MN=2.86、HN=2.34),但会降低土壤异养呼吸的Q10值(CK=2.72、LN=2.23、MN=2.12、HN=2.27);土壤呼吸速率与土壤湿度的关系不显著;土壤温度和土壤湿度双因子模型可分别解释自养呼吸速率和异养呼吸速率的28.7%～42.0%(P0.05)和64.9%～78.1%(P0.001)。【结论】长期施肥未明显改变土壤自养呼吸速率。长期施氮通过抑制土壤异养呼吸使土壤总呼吸降低。长期氮添加对自养呼吸和异养呼吸Q10的影响不一致,而呼吸底物的可利用性和土壤微生物活性的变化是主要因素。为提高土壤呼吸及其组分预测模型的精度,应综合考虑细根生物量及呼吸底物的长期变化。     

洞庭湖区滩地杨树人工林土壤呼吸动态分析

采用LI-8100土壤呼吸仪对洞庭湖区滩地杨树人工林土壤呼吸日变化和季节变化进行野外测定,分析了土壤呼吸速率日变化和季节变化与温度和土壤含水量的相关性。结果表明：土壤呼吸速率的日变化和季节变化比较明显,其动态与地表温度和土壤温度（5cm）的变化大体一致,均表现为单峰型。夏季日变化最高出现在下午15：00—17：00,其它3个季节高峰值均出现在中午11：00—13：00,最低值都出现在凌晨5：00左右;季节变化呼吸速率大小依次是夏季〉春季〉秋季〉冬季。滩地杨树人工林地的土壤呼吸作用与地表温度和土壤温度（5cm）均有较好的指数关系,与土壤含水量呈线性关系,说明温度和水分是影响土壤CO2排放通量变化的关键因子。     

杉木纯林、混交林土壤微生物特性和土壤养分的比较研究

本文于2005年5月份,在中国科学院会同森林生态实验站选择了一块15年生的杉木纯林和两块15年生杉阔混交林作为研究对象,调查了林地土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、硝态氮、有效磷和土壤微生物碳、氮、磷、基础呼吸以及呼吸熵,比较了纯林和混交林土壤微生物特性和土壤养分.结果表明,杉阔混交林的土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷硝态氮和有效磷含量高于杉木纯林;在混交林中,土壤微生物学特性得到改善.在0(10 cm和10(20 cm两层土壤中,杉阔混交林土壤微生物氮含量分别比杉木纯林高69%和61%.在0(10 cm土层,杉阔混交林土壤微生物碳、磷和基础呼吸分别比杉木纯林高11%、14%和4%;在10(20 cm土层,分别高6%、3%和3%.但是,杉阔混交林土壤微生物碳:氮比和呼吸熵较杉木纯林低34%和4%.另外,土壤微生物与土壤养分的相关性高于土壤呼吸、微生物碳:氮比和呼吸熵与土壤养分的相关性.由此可知,在针叶纯林中引入阔叶树后,土壤肥力得以改善,并有利于退化森林土壤的恢复.     

Temperature controls temporal variation in soil CO2 efflux in a secondary beech forest in Appi Highlands, Japan

Forest soil is a huge reserve of carbon in the biosphere. Therefore to understand the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems, it is important to determine the dynamics of soil CO₂ efflux. This study was conducted to describe temporal variations in soil CO₂ efflux and identify the environmental factors that affect it. We measured soil CO₂ efflux continuously in a beech secondary forest in the Appi Highlands in Iwate Prefecture for two years (except when there was snow cover) using four dynamic closed chambers that automatically open after taking measurements. Temporal changes in soil temperature and volumetric soil water content were also measured at a depth of 5 cm. The soil CO₂ efflux ranged from 14 mg CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹ to 2,329 mg CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹, the peak occurring at the beginning of August. The relationship between soil temperature and soil CO₂ efflux was well represented by an exponential function. Most of temporal variation in soil CO₂ efflux was explained by soil temperature rather than volumetric soil water content. The Q ₁₀ values were 3.7 ± 0.8 and estimated annual carbon emissions were 837 ± 210 g C m⁻² year⁻¹. These results provide a foundation for further development of models for prediction of soil CO₂ efflux driven by environmental factors.     

Soil and the foliage nutrient status following soil amendment applications in a Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) plantation

The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of soil amendment applications on soil and the foliage nutrient status of a Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher) plantation established following clear-cutting in a pine-wilt-disease (PWD)-disturbed forest. We established four soil amendment treatments [(compound fertilizer (CF), compound fertilizer + biochar (CFB), compound fertilizer + sawdust (CFS) and a non-treated control treatment] in an 8-year-old Japanese cypress plantation. Soil organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (N) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the soil amendment treatments and the control treatments, whereas extractable phosphorus (P), NH₄⁺, K⁺, and Mg²⁺ concentrations were significantly affected by the addition of biochar in CF. The mean soil CO₂ efflux rates during the study period were the highest in CFB (0.79 g CO₂ m^?2 h^?1), followed by CFS (0.71 g CO₂ m^?2 h^?1), CF (0.62 g CO₂ m^?2 h^?1), and the control (0.46 g CO₂ m^?2 h^?1) treatments. Foliar N and P concentrations were significantly higher in the CFB than in the control treatments. The results suggest that the addition of biochar in CF can enhance extractable soil nutrients and foliar N and P conditions of Japanese cypress established in a PWD-disturbed forest.     

Structure and Function of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus deltoides</Emphasis> Agroforestry Systems in Eastern India: 1. <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dry matter dynamics</Emphasis>

Agroforestry systems based on poplar (Populus deltoides) are becoming popular in eastern and northern parts of India. Therefore studies on the structure and function of the systems are important. The investigations included allometric equations for above- and belowground tree components, crop and plantation floor biomass and litter fall estimation at Pusa, Bihar, India. Biomass, floor litter mass, litter fall and net primary productivity (NPP) of plantations increased with an increase in age of trees whereas, crop biomass for any specific crop interplanted with poplar decreased with the age of the plantation. The total plantation biomass increased from 12.08 to 90.59 Mg ha⁻¹ and NPP varied from 5.69 to 27.9 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The biomass accumulation ratio ranged from 2.1 to 3.2. Total annual litter fall was in between 1.95 and 10.00 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, of which 92–94% was contributed by leaf litter. Compartmental models were developed for dry matter distribution in agroforestry systems involving young (3-year-old) and mature (9-year-old) poplar trees interplanted with various crops, the crops being grown in two rotations maize (Zea mays) – wheat (Triticum aestivum) – turmeric (Curcuma domestica) and pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) – turmeric. This study substantiates the potential of Populus deltoides G₃ under agroforestry combinations.     

The contribution of root respiration of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus koraiensis</Emphasis> seedlings to total soil respiration under elevated CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> concentrations

The impacts of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentrations (500 μmol·mol⁻¹ and 700 μmol·mol⁻¹) on total soil respiration and the contribution of root respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were investigated from May to October in 2003 at the Research Station of Changbai Mountain Forest Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jilin Province, China. After four growing seasons in top-open chambers exposed to elevated CO₂, the total soil respiration and roots respiration ofPinus koraiensis seedlings were measured by a Li-6400-09 soil CO₂ flux chamber. Three PVC cylinders in each chamber were inserted about 30 cm into the soil instantaneously to terminate the supply of current photosynthates from the tree canopy to roots for separating the root respiration from total soil respiration. Soil respirations both inside and outside of the cylinders were measured on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. The results indicated that: there was a marked diurnal change in air temperature and soil temperature at depth of 5 cm on June 16, the maximum of soil temperature at depth of 5 cm lagged behind that of air temperature, no differences in temperature between treatments were found (P>0.05). The total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed showed strong diurnal and seasonal patterns. There was marked difference in total soil respiration and soil respiration with roots severed between treatments (P<0.01); Mean total soil respiration and contribution of root under different treatments were 3.26, 4.78 and 1.47 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹, 11.5%, 43.1% and 27.9% on June 16, August 20 and October 8, respectively. Foundation item: This study was supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX1-SW-01) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30070158). Biography: LIU Ying (1976-), female, Ph. D. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China. Responsible editor: Song Funan     

Soil microbial biomass and population in response to seasonal variation and age in Gmelina arborea plantations in south-western Nigeria

We investigated the Effects of plantation development, seasons, and soil depth on soil microbial indices in Gmelina arborea plantations in south-western Nigeria. Soil samples were obtained from the soil depths of 0-15 and 15-30 cm from plantations of six different ages during the rainy season, dry seasons, and their transitions. We used plate count and fumigation-extraction methods to determine microbe population and microbial biomass carbon (MB-C) and nitrogen (MB-N), respectively. Plantation age did not affect microbial indices, implying a non-significant effect of plantation development on microbial communities. It could also imply that soil microbial indices had already stabilized in the sampled plantations. Seasonal variation and soil depth had significant effects on microbial indices. At 0-15 cm soil depth, mean MB-C increased from 50.74 μg g-1 during the peak of the dry season (i.e. March) to 99.58 μg g-1 during the peak of the rainy season (i.e. September), while it increased from 36.22 μg g-1 to 75.31 μg g-1 at 15-30 cm soil depth between the same seasonal periods. Bacteria populations and MB-N showed similar increasing trends. Correlations between MB-C, MB-N, microbe populations, and rainfall were positive and linear. Significantly higher microbial activities took place in the plantations during the rainy season, increased with soil wetness, and decreased at greater soil depth.     

孟加拉哈提亚地区海岸造林对土壤性质的影响

在孟加拉诺阿卡利地区及相临裸地,对海岸植被(12年和17年生无瓣海桑Sonneratia apetala)进行探索性研究,以便了解海岸造林对土壤特性的影响.在三种不同地带(内陆、中部、海边),在12年生和17年生无瓣海桑林下,土壤深度分别为0-10,10-30和30-40cm,土壤湿度、土壤粒度、有机质、C含量、总N、pH、有效P、K、Na、Ca和Mg含量明显高(p≤0.05,p≤0.01,p≤0.001)于其相临裸地的数据,土壤含盐量明显(p≤0.01)低于其相临裸地的数据.在内陆CharAlim植被,土壤表面的土壤湿度,土壤粒度,有机质,C含量、总N、pH、土壤含盐量、有效P、K、Na、Ca和Mg含量分别为:31.09%、2.24 g·cm-3、2.41%、4.14%、0.58%、7.07、O.09 dS·cm-1、28.06 mg·L-1、O.50 mg·L-1、11.5 mg·L-1、3.30 mg·L-1和2.7 mmol·kg-1;而在相邻的Char Rehania贫瘠地区的相同土壤深度,其相关值分别为:16.69%、1.25g·cm-3、O.43%、0.74%、O.25%、6.57、0.13 dS·cm-1、13.07mg·L-1、O.30mg·L-1、1.4 mg·L-1、O.30 mmol·kG-1和0.50 nag·L-1.然而,在小内陆到海边的植被中,土壤湿度、土壤密度、有机质、C含量、总N、pH、有效P、K、Na和Ca含量逐渐降低,而土壤含盐量、Na和Mg含量却逐渐增加.虽然,在植被与相临裸地的不同土壤深度中土壤质地不同,植被地中砂土份额明显(p≤0.01)低于相临裸地,而粉砂土份额则明显(p≤0.001)高于裸地.在本研究中,所有参数的评价也在为其他地区相关研究得到应用.     

不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤碳氮磷生态化学计量特征

[目的]研究了马尾松从幼龄林至成熟林生长序列中的土壤有机C、全N、全P含量及其生态化学计量特征,以丰富该区域马尾松生态系统生态化学计量学领域的基础研究。[方法]以广西凭祥4个林龄(6、16、23、35 a)马尾松人工林为研究对象,每个林龄选取3块林分,每个林分内设置一个400 m2的调查样地,按照0 20、20 40、4060 cm三层土层取样,采用不同林分土壤化学计量的对比实验测定土壤CNP,采用单因素方差分析的LSD法进行显著性检验。[结果]表明:4个林龄马尾松人工林0 20 cm土壤有机C、全N、全P含量分别为5.73 15.56、0.691.23、0.17 0.23 g·kg-1,是20 40 cm土层的1.51、1.31、1.06倍,40 60 cm土层的1.97、1.58、1.06倍。土壤有机C含量、全N含量均随林龄的递增先降低后增加,随土层加深持续降低;土壤全P含量在林龄和土层间均无显著性变化;林龄对土壤C∶N、N∶P有极显著的影响(P=0.001,P=0.000),土层对土壤C∶P、N∶P有显著性影响(P=0.000,P=0.014)。[结论]土壤有机C、全N含量从成熟林阶段开始回升;N在不同林龄间和不同土层间的变化是土壤N∶P变化的主要原因;土壤C∶N、C∶P主要受有机C的影响。     

Separating component parts of soil respiration under <Emphasis Type="Italic">Robinia pseudoacacia</Emphasis> plantation in the Taihang Mountains,China

Partitioning the respiratory components of soil surface CO₂ efflux is important in understanding carbon turnover and in identifying the soil carbon sink/source function in response to land-use change. The sensitivities of soil respiration components on changing climate patterns are currently not fully understood. We used trench and isotopic methods to separate total soil respiration into autotrophic (R _A ) and heterotrophic components (R _H ). This study was undertaken on a Robinia pseudoacacia L. plantation in the southern Taihang Mountains, China. The fractionation of soil ¹³CO₂ was analyzed by comparing the δ¹³C of soil CO₂ extracted from buried steel tubes with results from Gas Vapor Probe Kits at a depth of 50 cm at the preliminary test (2.03‰). The results showed that the contribution of autotrophic respiration (fR _A ) increased with increasing soil depth. The contribution of heterotrophic respiration (fR _H ) declined with increasing soil depth. The contribution of autotrophic respiration was similar whether estimated by the trench method (fR _A , 23.50%) or by the isotopic method in which a difference in value of ¹³C between soil and plant prevailed in the natural state (RC, 21.03%). The experimental error produced by the trench method was insignificant as compared with that produced by the isotopic method, providing a technical basis for further investigations.     

采伐对幕布山区毛竹林土壤呼吸的影响

利用LI-COR-8100土壤CO2通量自动测量系统测定了湖北赤壁幕布山区采伐毛竹林土壤表面CO2通量及5 cm深度的土壤温度、湿度,研究了采伐对毛竹林土壤呼吸的影响,并用壕沟法区分各组分呼吸。结果表明:采伐显著增加了毛竹林的土壤温度,但对土壤湿度无显著影响;采伐能增加土壤呼吸、凋落物呼吸与矿质呼吸,但降低了根系呼吸;土壤总呼吸及组分呼吸与土壤温度呈指数相关(R2=32.63%84.50%),与土壤湿度呈线性相关(R2=40.60%93.50%),运用土壤温度、湿度复合模型能提高预测土壤呼吸的准确性(R2=41.40%96.20%)。采伐毛竹林土壤呼吸的增加主要因为采伐后土壤温度升高所致。