快大型白羽肉鸡禽流感免疫效果调查

高致病性禽流感是国际兽疫局规定的A类传染病,我国确定为～类传染病。目前,防控高致病性禽流感最有效的方法是搞好免疫工作,实行100％免疫。近几年浦江县加大了对高致病性禽流感的免疫力度,规模化蛋禽场产蛋前免疫3次,经监测免疫抗体合格率达90％以上。而快大型白羽肉鸡生长速度快,饲养周期短,我县饲养户一般42日龄左右出栏,禽流感在12日龄时免疫一次。     

从做好高致病性禽流感免疫谈农村畜禽免疫的体会

禽流感是由正粘病毒科—A型流感病毒引起的一种禽类传染病，其中高致病性禽流感病毒可引起鸡群100％发病，病死率75％以上，且多发于冬春季节，尤其是秋冬、冬春之交。2004年2月，建瓯市顺阳乡人民政府加强了对禽流感的免疫工作，有效地预防了该病，现就此次高致病性禽流感的免疫浅谈     

家禽不同阶段注射禽流感疫苗抗体效价监测与对比

高致病性禽流感是直接危害家禽和人类健康的一种高致病性传染病，已被世界动物卫生组织（OIE）列为A类传染病。为有效地控制高致病性禽流感，本文在七台河地区用H5N1亚型重组禽流感病毒灭活疫苗对800只家禽（鸡400只、鹅400只）进行免疫和抗体效价监测对比试验。其中鸡分为A1、A2两组，鹅分为B1、B2两组，每组各200只。A1、B1两组进行1次免疫，A2、B2两组进行加强免疫1次，对其结果进行对比分析。结果表明，A1、A2、B1、B2四组均为注射疫苗20天后产生抗体，免疫期分别为160天、160天、100天、120天。通过对七台河地区800只家禽高致病性禽流感免疫抗体水平监测和对比分析，揭示了高致病性禽流感疫苗在不同品种和不同免疫次数家禽中产生抗体合格的最佳时间和不合格时间，为本地区制定高致病性禽流感防控方案提供了科学依据。     

不同厂家不同品种禽流感灭活疫苗免疫效果评价简

高致病性禽流感对养禽业的危害非常严重，世界动物卫生组织（OIE）将高致病性禽流感列为必须报告的动物传染病和A类传染病，我国将其列为一类动物疫病。为了有效预防和控制禽流感，减少对养禽业的危害，我国对高致病性禽流感实行强制免疫政策。为了解不同厂家禽流感疫苗的免疫效果，     

2018年—2019年宾阳县高致病性禽流感免疫抗体检测结果分析

根据致病性的高低,可将禽流感病毒分为为高致病性、低致病性和无致病性3 种,其中高致病性禽流感病毒包括H5和H7两个亚型.它们引起的称之为高致病性禽流感的一种禽类烈性传染病,对禽类养殖业危害比较大.国际兽医局将其列为A类传染病,我国将其列为一类动物疫病.对家禽进行疫苗免疫是预防和控制禽流感的有效途径之一,强制免疫是我国目...     

禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗(rL-H5株)免疫效果分析

世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定的A类传染病中,禽类烈性传染病只有两种,分别是高致病性禽流感和新城疫。而禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗可使高致病性禽流感和新城疫的免疫一次完成,收到一种疫苗预防两种重大疫病的效果。本试验旨在研究不同的免疫时机对禽流感-新城疫重组二联活疫苗     

禽流感防控全攻略

1、什么是禽流感？禽流感是禽流行性感冒的简称，它是一种由甲型流感病毒的一种亚型（也称禽流感病毒）引起的传染性疾病，被国际兽疫局定为甲类传染病，又称真性鸡瘟或欧洲鸡瘟。按病原体类型的不同，禽流感可分为高致病性、低致病性和非致病性禽流感三大类。非致病性禽流感不会引起明显症状，仅使染病的禽鸟体内产生病毒抗体。低致病性禽流感可使禽类出现轻度呼吸道症状，食量减少，产蛋量下降，出现零星死亡。高致病性禽流感最为严重，发病率和死亡率均高，感染的鸡群常常“全军覆没”。     

加强饲养管理和卫生防疫，严防高致病性禽流感发生

禽流感是由A型禽流感病毒引起的一种禽类传染病。根据禽流感致病性的不同，可以将禽流感分为高致病性禽流感、低致病性禽流感和无致病性禽流感。低致病性禽流感病毒感染后可以表现为轻度的呼吸道、消化道症状，产蛋率下降，死亡率较低；高致病性禽流感病毒感染后表现为较严重的全     

规模蛋鸡场禽流感免疫效果评估模型的建立

禽流感，尤其是高致病性禽流感对养禽业的危害非常严重，世界动物卫生组织（OIE）将高致病性禽流感列为必须报告的动物传染病和A类传染病。我国将其列为一类动彩嗾病。为了有效预防和控制禽流感，减少对养禽业的危害，我国对高致病陛禽流感实行强制免疫政策。     

哈密市禽流感疫情监测分析

禽流感是禽的流行性感冒的简称．是由A型流感病毒引起的一种禽类传染病．根据其致病性和毒力的不同分为高致病性禽流感（HPAI）；低致病性禽流感（LPAI）以及无致病性禽流感。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …