云南铜壁关省级自然保护区药用植物资源多样性研究

以云南铜壁关省级自然保护区2009—2010年最新一次科学考察报告为基础,分析药用植物资源的多样性。结果表明,保护区有药用植物73科169属220种,其中单种科和单种属占优势,单种科占总科数的50.68%,单种属占总属数的79.88%;保护区大多数药用植物海拔分布高差为400 m以下,占药用植物种数的75.45%;保护区药用植物生活型以草本为主,主要药用部位为全草和根;保护区药用植物中有许多珍稀濒危植物种,还有一部分属于德宏州景颇族传统药用植物。     

Towards exploration of plant-based ethno-medicinal knowledge of rural community: basis for biodiversity conservation in Bangladesh

Because lack of data impedes the assessment of the conservation of medicinal plants, ethno-medicinal studies are important to fill this gap. This study considered the traditional use of plants for health care by the rural communities in two forested and non-forested regions of Bangladesh. A total of 230 respondents were interviewed accompanied by field observation and voucher specimen collection. Altogether, 68 species of medicinal plants belonging to 38 families distributing over 58 genera were recorded, of which 22 species were common in both regions. Trees were the most commonly utilized growth form and leaves were the most commonly used plant part. Forests and homesteads were the major sources of medicinal plants in forested and non-forested regions, respectively. High use versatility (Relative Importance >1) was represented by 14 species; Emblica officinale L. and Allium sativum L. were the most versatile species. Forty-one individual ailments were treated with the medicinal plants recorded. The ailment categories ‘respiratory problems’ and ‘sexual problems’ received the highest score from the calculation of informants’ consensus factor (F _ic) in forested and non-forested regions, respectively. The findings could contribute in the pharmaceutical sector by directing further investigation of bio-active compounds in medicinal plants. Secondly, results could inform the clues for conservation strategies of forest resources in that region.     

广东韶关国家森林公园药用植物资源分析

通过植物资源野外调查、标本采集和鉴定,对广东韶关国家森林公园药用植物资源进行了统 计分析。结果表明,广东韶关国家森林公园共有药用植物 507 种,隶属 122 科 343 属;其中蕨类药用植 物 18 科 21 属 30 种,裸子植物 1 科 1 属 1 种,被子植物 103 科 321 属 476 种;全草类、性凉类和清热类 分别在按用药部位、药性和功效分类中种数占比最高;整理了当地常见药用植物名录,并对该园野生药 用植物资源的保护和利用提出了建议,如建立野生药用植物数据库、建立小药园或开发相关旅游产品等。     

箬寮岘自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性

经野外调查和资料整理已知箬寮岘自然保护区共有药用植物17科572属991种,分别占保护区植物资源科、属、种数的91．4％、72．9％、56．6％;其中国家级珍稀濒危保护药用植物9种,占国家珍稀濒危保护药用植物的5．36％;全草类和根及根状茎类药用植物较多,分别占38．85％、34．11％;清热类、祛湿类和活血类药用植物较多,分别占41．98％、16．35％、11．00％。温带性属(43．76％)和热带性属(40．10％)所占比例大体相当。优势科主要有豆科、菊科、蔷薇科、唇形科、蓼科。     

Ethno-medicinal plants used by Bengali communities in Tripura,northeast India

Northeastern India has high medicinal plant diversity due to variance in topography and physiognomy. We documented the uses of various medicinal plants by the Bengali people of West district and South district of Tripura state for their own health care as well as for domesti-cated animals. Based on semi structured interviews, group discussions and information from local informants, a total of 93 species of medicinal plants of 52 families and 83 genera were documented. These plants were used to treat more than 55 different human diseases and 6 diseases of livestock. Sixty-eight plant species were used singly and the rest were used in combination with other species for therapeutic formulations of various diseases. Leaves of plants were most often used for most of the ethnobotanical preparations. Maximum consensus value of 96% was recorded for Chromolaena odorata （L.） King ＆amp;H. Rob., and the mini-mum was 15%for Bambusa balcooa Robx. Of the 93 plant species, 75 species showed pharmacological properties. Prospects for augmenting existing knowledge and enhancing the use of traditional medicinal plants are discussed.     

Medicinal plants in old-growth, degraded and re-growth forests of NW Pakistan

Many old-growth forest stands in northwest Pakistan have been structurally transformed as a consequence of logging and livestock grazing, some of which are thereafter left to secondary succession. These forests represent an important resource for local inhabitants who gather and sell medicinal plants as part of their livelihood. With this in mind, the main objectives of our study were: (1) to assess differences in the structure of the tree layer and the abundance of medicinal plants among differently transformed forests, (2) to evaluate the recovery potential of medicinal plants under re-growth forests, and (3) to assess relationships between tree stand structural characteristics and the occurrence of medicinal plants.The first step of the study involved creating an approximate map covering an area of 90 km² for five forest-use types (old-growth forest, forest degraded by logging, derived woodland, agroforest and re-growth forest). Fifteen plots per forest-use type were randomly allocated at altitudes ranging from 2200 m to 2400 m asl, within which the abundance of 10 locally important medicinal herb species was assessed.The study stands differed greatly in tree basal area, which was highest in old-growth forest (48 m² ha⁻¹), lowest in agroforest areas (6 m² ha⁻¹) and intermediate in re-growth forest (20 m² ha⁻¹). All ten medicinal plant species were encountered in old-growth and in re-growth forests, but only five of these species also occurred on agroforest plots. The mean coverage of study medicinal plants was highest in old-growth forest (7%), low in forest degraded by logging, derived woodland and agroforest (0.3-2%), and intermediate in re-growth forest (4%). The Jaccard abundance based similarity index indicates a considerable similarity (0.6) between re-growth and old growth forest for both trees and medicinal plants. The overall abundance of medicinal plants increased with increasing tree basal area and canopy cover. The abundance of some particular species decreased; however, the most sought-after medicinal species Bergenia ciliata, Valeriana jatamansi and Viola cancescens increased with tree basal area within specific forest-use type and also across forest-use types. In conclusion, our data suggest that anthropogenic forest degradation leads to a reduction in the abundance of economically viable medicinal plants for the study region. It is further indicated that this can be reversed if degraded forests are allowed to regenerate.     

天宝岩药用植物种质资源圃建设的探讨

福建永安天宝岩国家级自然保护区地处中亚热带和南亚热带的过渡地带,野生药用植物资源丰富,有166科519属823种。以突出区域药用植物特色、开展科研科普及利用研究为目的,以收集本区药用植物种质资源为主,建立了种质资源圃。种质资源圃区划为：畲族民间药用植物园,保健药膳i森林野菜）植物园,水生及湿地药用植物园,药用植物种苗繁育与产业示范园,珍稀药用植物观赏带。在种质资源收集的基础上,开展野生药用植物种质资源选育和人工驯化栽培研究。     

两种不同佛手植物的观赏价值和药用价值研究

通过收集目前在生产上广泛利用的紫红花佛手和白花佛手两种不同佛手,集中于贵州罗甸历时4年的盆栽和地栽观察,结果表明:紫红花佛手最适宜作地栽作食药用利用,白花佛手最适宜作盆栽作观赏利用。在分析国内现有药用和观赏两个方面的利用基础上,提出了在贵州作开发利用的对策。     

大洪山药用植物资源调查初报

通过实地调查,资料查阅,市场调研,对大洪山风景区药用植物资源进行了初步调查研究。对此次调查所采集或记录到的分属93科的244种具有重要药用价值的药用植物进行了药用植物分类学统计和药用部位的归类分析。在对大洪山地道药用植物以及稀有药用植物的种类及用途等现状进行调查的基础上,针对大洪山风景区药用植物资源开发利用以及保护进行了探讨。     

黑龙江牡丹峰国家级自然保护区野生药用植物资源初步调查

调查黑龙江牡丹峰国家级自然保护区野生药用植物资源的种类与分布，为药用植物资源的开发利用提供依据。深入各代表性地域进行药用植物资源调查，野外考察，采集标本，查阅整理资料，鉴定标本及考证文献资料等。结果表明：经初步调查，黑龙江牡丹峰国家级自然保护区野药用植物67科、195属、265种，其中蕨类植物8科10属10种；裸子植物1科2属2种；被子植物58科183属253种。黑龙江牡丹峰国家级自然保护区野生药用植物资源丰富，具有较好的开发利用前景。     

福建白马山自然保护区野生药用植物资源探析

通过本底调查和补充调查,福建白马山自然保护区现有野生药用植物资源110科265属412种,按其药用部位将其分全草(株)类、根类、茎类、叶类、其他类等5类;分析当地野生药用植物区域特点,提出合理开发和利用建议,旨在为更科学更规范地进行野生药用植物资源开发利用提供基础资料。     

沉香山药用植物资源初步调查

沉香山位于粤西沿海地区,地处重要的南药产地,区内植物资源丰富.经初步调查发现,药用植物种类达406种(其中苏铁蕨、土沉香、金毛狗等属珍稀濒危物种),分属106科;植物的药用范围十分广泛,遍及19大类.     

武汉市马鞍山森林公园药用植物资源调查

本文对武汉市马鞍山森林公园药用植物资源进行了初步研究 ,对此次调查所采集或记录到的具有重要药用价值的 1 2 2种植物进行了植物分类学统计、药用部位的归类 ,同时对马鞍山森林公园药用植物资源开发利用以及保护进行了探讨。     

Ethnobotany of plants used by the Thari people of Nara Desert, Pakistan

This paper reports the results of an ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used by the Thari people of the Nara Desert, Sindh, Pakistan. Fifty-one plant species distributed across 28 families and 43 genera were discovered to have medicinal uses by local inhabitants of the Nara Desert. Twenty-one of those species are proposed to have new uses not recorded in the Indo-Pak folk herbal medicinal literature. Boraginaceae and Amaranthaceae were the most dominant families (5 species; 2 and 4 genera, respectively) of medicinal plants, followed by Asteraceae, Capparidaceae, Convolvulaceae, Poaceae, Scrophulariacea and Zygophyllaceae. About 44 types of ailments were treated with various parts of the 51 medicinal plant species. For treating ailments, the use of the whole plant was higher (53%) than leaves (18%), roots (14%) and fruits (10%) alone.     

石湖省级自然保护区药用植物资源及其多样性研究

经过3a的调查研究,首次报道了石湖省级自然保护区共有药用植物89科、244属、355种,分别占保护区植物资源科、属、种数的91.75%,74.62%,60.27%。其中国家级珍稀濒危保护药用植物13种,占国家珍稀濒危保护药用植物的7.74%,吉林省重点保护药用植物47种,国家第一批保护药材8种,东北道地药材13种。全株和根及根茎类的药用植物最多,分别占39.72%,23.10%,12.39%;清热类和祛风湿类最多,分别占32.39%和15.49%。98.03%的种类分布在海拔700～1000m红松针阔混交林中,42.86%的种类属北温带分布区类型,优势科主要有菊科、蔷薇科、毛茛科、百合科等。文中还提出了保护与开发的具体建议。     

红豆杉起源演化与开发利用述评

红豆杉是古老的植物类群,科学价值、经济价值、药用价值和观赏价值极高,是生物资源开发的重要群体之一。为给红豆杉资源的可持续利用与保护提供理论依据和科技支撑,在汲取国内外近期相关学术论文和研究成果的基础上,系统阐述了红豆杉属植物的起源演化、地理分布、植物学特征、生物学特性、资源概况和综合利用价值,提出资源有效保护的策略和开发利用的前景。     

云南红豆杉优良单株初选

在收集整理有关资料的基础上,提出云南红豆杉优良单株初选标准,对形质指标提出定性要求;生物量指标拟合最优回归数学模型,得到优树选择最低基点和基线图;小枝叶紫杉醇含量根据预选群体计算其入选率与选择强度,以此为依据推算紫杉醇含量选择标准。     

小兴安岭药用植物资源现状及合理开发利用

调查统计结果表明 ,小兴安岭常用药用植物 2 9种 ,年蕴藏量约 12 3万 t,允收量为 2 2万 t。目前 ,年收购量仅为 12 5 5 t,存在极大开发利用潜力 ,同时提出了合理开发利用的几点建议     

桂林野生药用植物资源特征

通过对桂林地区野生药用植物资源的调查,探明其特征是:种类丰富,并以草本为主;有较多受国家保护的珍稀种类和被列入国家药典的种类;绝大多数种类生于海拔500～1 000 m;多数种类集中在天然林区;资源分布零散;利用部位以全草类、茎类和根类药材为主。并对其保护和开发利用提出了建议。     

上海市三岔港苗圃药用植物资源调查

在三岔港苗圃植物中,通过查阅相关资料和实地调查,基本摸清了常见药用植物达103种,分布在62科中。对调查到的103种植物进行了植物分类学统计、药用部位及功效归类,同时对三岔港苗圃的药用植物资源开发利用以及保护进行了探讨。