广西鸡舍内主要环境因子变化对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

为了解广西鸡舍内主要环境因子变化对蛋鸡生产性能的影响,本试验以全封闭笼养蛋鸡舍为对象,于2018年04月-2018年5月,每天监测鸡舍内环境的温度、相对湿度、CO2、NH3、H2S、SO2浓度变化,测定点设在鸡舍的前中后位置,每隔3 d测定鸡舍内细菌的总数,并分析各种环境因子与蛋鸡生产性能的相关性。结果显示,4月份和5月份蛋鸡舍内的温度与相对湿度均呈正相关关系,与CO2和NH3浓度均呈负相关关系(P<0.01),温度在29.1℃~30.2℃时,温度与产蛋率呈显著负相关(P<0.05);日均相对湿度与日均CO2浓度均呈负相关关系(P<0.01),5月份日均相对湿度与舍内日均NH3浓度呈负相关关系(P<0.05);4月份和5月份舍内日均CO2浓度与NH3浓度呈正相关关系;舍内温度、相对湿度、CO2浓度和NH3浓度与鸡舍内环境空气细菌总量有一定相关性;鸡舍内环境空气细菌总量与日均蛋鸡淘汰率、日均破蛋率相关关系不明显。试验表明,全封闭鸡舍内温度的升高对本地蛋鸡的产蛋率有显著影响,应及时调整通风和降温措施,以免影响蛋鸡的产蛋率。     

AOS-80空气净化机对冬季鸡舍空气的净化作用

在有窗或无窗密闭式鸡舍中,舍内产生的有毒有害气体、微生物和粉尘对鸡的健康与生产性能有很大的影响。本研究选用AOS-80空气净化机,测定其对冬季蛋鸡舍空气的净化效果。选取尺寸、样式和饲养密度等完全相同的2栋蛋鸡舍做对比试验,2栋鸡舍通风采用自动控制装置。在试验鸡舍的屋架上按米字形均匀安装6台净化机,测定2栋鸡舍舍内有毒有害气体和空气细菌总数的浓度。结果表明:2栋鸡舍在适当通风条件下(使舍内温度维持在(15±0.1)℃,对照鸡舍和试验鸡舍的空气细菌总数平均浓度分别为33.3cfu/L和10.6cfu/L(P<0.01),净化机使之降低68.2%;NH3的平均浓度分别为1.71mg/m3和1.22mg/m(3P<0.01),净化机使之降低28.6%;H2S的平均浓度分别为0.670mg/m3和0.643mg/m3(P<0.05),净化机使之降低4.03%;蛋鸡平均周死亡率分别为0.997%和0.607%(P<0.01),净化机使之降低39.0%。本研究结果表明,舍内安装空气净化机能显著降低鸡舍空气细菌总数和有毒有害气体浓度,降低蛋鸡死亡率。     

层叠式立体养殖鸡舍内环境测定及对冬季白羽肉鸡生产性能的影响

为优化肉鸡立体养殖的饲养管理模式,试验选取山西省境内层叠式立体养殖单栋饲养量为32 000只、40 000只的全自动清粪系统肉鸡舍(A型)和单栋饲养量为21 000只的半自动清粪系统的肉鸡舍(B型)各1栋,进行舍内温度、湿度、有害气体浓度、空气细菌菌落数的测定及肉鸡体重的测定。结果表明:在相同的取暖系统和温控系统下,由于养殖数量与清粪方式的不同,3栋鸡舍之间的温湿度、CO2浓度、NH3浓度、细菌菌落总数和不同周龄肉鸡体重均存在差异;立体养殖模式下鸡舍清粪方式和清粪时间是影响鸡舍环境质量的关键因素,A型鸡舍可以适当加大养殖密度。说明A型鸡舍优于B型;B型鸡舍要加强消毒灭菌工作,A型鸡舍要加强饲养管理。     

高密度层叠式饲养模式下蛋鸡热应激观察及经济损失研究

研究以八层层叠式蛋鸡饲养模式的鸡舍作为研究观测对象,鸡舍内存栏海兰褐产蛋鸡数量为101 952只,研究夏季鸡舍内平均温度30℃、相对湿度72%~80%条件下热应激对蛋鸡生产性能和经济效益的影响。结果显示:采用高密度层叠式饲养模式饲养的蛋鸡群在夏季高温季节会出现典型的热应激现象,包括产蛋率下降、蛋重减小、采食量下降、周死淘率上升等现象,造成的直接经济损失平均达1.5元/只。建议在此养殖模式下蛋鸡热应激的防治应从环境控制、饲养管理和营养调控三方面综合考虑。     

夏季四层层叠式笼养鸭舍环境参数测定与分析

研究旨在对夏季四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍环境参数进行测定与分析,以期为蛋鸭层叠式笼养舍环境控制提供参考。分别以开启10台、12台和14台风机四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍为研究对象,使用风速测定仪和红外式气体检测仪于每天6∶00～8∶00、12∶00～14∶00和18∶00～20∶00对鸭舍水平方向不同位置的环境质量参数(包括温度、相对湿度、CO_2浓度和风速)进行测定。结果表明:夏季在采取纵向通风的模式下,四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍平均温度为27.62℃、相对湿度为77.91%、CO_2浓度为483.81 mg/m~3、风速为1.47 m/s,不同测定点之间环境质量存在差异。相关分析结果表明:夏季鸭舍内温度与相对湿度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与CO_2浓度和风速呈极显著正相关(P0.01);相对湿度与CO_2浓度和风速均呈极显著负相关(P0.01);CO_2浓度与风速呈极显著正相关(P0.01)。由此可见四层层叠式笼养密闭式鸭舍内不同位置环境质量参数存在差异,综合考虑能耗及舍内环境参数对蛋鸭产蛋性能的影响,开启12台风机可以取得最佳的舍内环境控制效果。     

笼养蛋鸡舍颗粒物和氨气浓度变化及其影响因素分析

了解温度、相对湿度变化以及饲养管理对颗粒物和NH3浓度的影响,有助于大型养殖场制定合理的饲养模式,改善禽舍内空气质量。选取昆明市华曦牧业小哨蛋鸡养殖场某蛋鸡舍为研究对象,在6~7月间采用连续监测方法测试鸡舍内温度、相对湿度、TSP、PM10、PM2.5以及NH3浓度,并详细记录了舍内饲养流程。结果表明:鸡舍的进风口和出风口处PM2.5浓度分别为(0.36±0.09)mg/m3和(0.54±0.13)mg/m3,均高于鸡舍中部PM2.5浓度;NH3浓度容易积累在鸡舍中部,喂料和鸡群的活动会显著提高TSP浓度,但对PM10、PM2.5的影响较小,清粪过程会显著提高NH3浓度(P0.05)。     

冬季六层层叠式笼养密闭式鸡舍环境质量测定与分析

试验旨在对六层层叠式笼养密闭式鸡舍冬季环境质量进行测定与分析,以期为蛋鸡层叠式笼养环境控制提供参考依据。以六层层叠式笼养密闭式鸡舍为研究对象,使用环境智能监控系统、粉尘采样器和测氧仪每天6∶00~8∶00、12∶00~14∶00和18∶00~20∶00对鸡舍水平和垂直方向上不同位置的环境质量参数(温度、相对湿度、光照强度、CO2浓度、风速、粉尘浓度和氧气含量)进行测定。结果表明,在采取侧窗进风、纵向通风的模式下,六层层叠式笼养密闭式鸡舍冬季平均温度、相对湿度和风速分别为19.18℃、58.75%和0.12 m/s,空气中平均二氧化碳浓度、粉尘浓度和氧气含量分别是2 477.22 mg/m3、3.27 mg/m3和20.23%,不同测定点之间环境质量存在差异。下层H0.6 m、H1.3 m和H1.9 m测定点的温度显著低于上层H3.1 m、H3.8 m和H4.4 m的温度(P0.05),上层的相对湿度显著低于下层(P0.05)。上层的光照强度低于下层的光照强度(P0.05),上层H3.1 m、H3.8 m和H4.4 m测定点的二氧化碳浓度和粉尘浓度显著高于下层(P0.05)。相关分析结果表明,冬季鸡舍内温度与相对湿度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),与二氧化碳浓度、氧气含量极显著正相关(P0.01);风速与温度、相对湿度和二氧化碳浓度呈负相关。     

通风方式对蛋鸡舍空气环境的影响

为研究自然通风和机械通风两种方式对蛋鸡舍内空气环境的影响,试验选择2栋相同类型的蛋鸡舍,分别采用自然通风和机械通风方式,测定鸡舍内空气环境指标。结果表明:自然通风鸡舍内的风速显著低于机械通风的鸡舍(P0.05),CO2浓度显著高于机械通风的鸡舍(P0.05);自然通风鸡舍内的温度、相对湿度、NH3浓度高于机械通风鸡舍,但差异均不显著(P0.05);自然通风鸡舍各指标每天的变化幅度均大于机械通风鸡舍,自然通风鸡舍内空气环境不稳定。说明机械通风能够较好地改善空气环境,自然通风鸡舍在外界风速较低时有必要开启风机实行机械通风。     

蛋鸡舍新式清粪转向轮的研究与应用

正1技术背景目前,多数的蛋鸡养殖企业均实现了养殖设备的自动化,从饲喂环节到环境控制环节再到清粪环节均实行机械化处理,既可节省人力又可提高员工的工作效率与工作质量。大规模蛋鸡养殖场的栋舍内,每天均会产生大量的鸡粪,如不及时清理则会对舍内的环境造成一定的影响。目前,蛋鸡养殖设备市场中关于鸡舍的清粪机有多种类型,其中牵引式清粪机是最为常见的,其主要适用于阶梯式笼养或高床式饲     

农户饲养肉鸡存在的技术问题及解决方法

1.1环境问题舍内环境:NH3、CO2浓度过高是饲养户存在的普遍情况。农户饲养肉鸡大多应用因陋就简的鸡舍,房舍举架较低,网与地面的距离较小,通风孔的设置不够理想,有的只靠门窗通风,根本没有通风孔,结果造成粪便不易清理,通风量不足,最终导致NH3、CO2浓度严重超标,影响了肉鸡的健     

Behavior, performance and physical condition of laying hens in conventional and small furnished cages

The aim of the present study was to compare the welfare level and performance of laying hens between conventional and small furnished cages. At the age of 54 weeks, 120 White Leghorn layers were divided into four groups: four (C4) or six hens/cage in conventional cages and four or six (F6) hens/cage in furnished cages. Their behavior, number of steps taken, performance and physical condition were measured. Sham dust‐bathing was greater in conventional cages than in furnished cages (P = 0.05) and dust‐bathing, litter scratching and litter pecking were also observed in furnished cages. Other comfort behavior, moving and number of steps taken were more frequent in the four‐hen cages than in the six‐hen cages (P < 0.01, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, respectively). Though egg production and egg mass in C4 and F6 were lower than in the other groups, no significant differences were found in the other production measurements. Bodyweight gain was larger in the four‐hen cages than the six‐hen cages (P < 0.01). In conclusion, behavior was not restricted in the furnished cages, but activity and bodyweight gain were affected by group size (density) rather than cage design. Hereafter, the studies on suitable density in each cage design, using young layers, are required.     

不同饲养方式对蛋鸡生产性能、鸡蛋品质及经济效益的影响

文章旨在评估不同饲养方式对蛋鸡生产性能、蛋品质和血清生化指标的影响.试验选择产蛋性能接近的22周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡540只,随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复36只.笼养组蛋鸡采用三层阶梯饲养(0.6?m2/只),网上平养组蛋鸡在金属网丝上饲养(1.5?m2/只),垫料平养组在平铺20?cm稻壳的水泥地板上平养(1.8?...     

不同硒源及硒水平对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响

试验旨在研究添加不同水平的亚硒酸钠和酵母硒对产蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验选用23周龄北京油鸡和罗曼粉杂交一代产蛋母鸡648只,随机分为12组,每组6个重复,每个重复9只鸡,进行为期8周的饲养试验。试验1~6组在基础日粮中分别添加含硒0.3、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/kg的亚硒酸钠,试验7~12组在基础日粮中分别添加含硒0.3、1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、5.0 mg/kg的酵母硒。结果表明,在产蛋鸡的饲料中添加5.0 mg/kg以内的亚硒酸钠或酵母硒都有提高产蛋率的趋势(P＞0.05),且对蛋品质无明显不良影响。若以提高产蛋率为目的,亚硒酸钠的添加水平以2.0 mg/kg为宜,酵母硒的添加水平以3.0 mg/kg为宜。酵母硒的使用效果优于亚硒酸钠。酵母硒组采食量和蛋壳强度显著高于亚硒酸钠组(P＜0.05),亚硒酸钠组蛋白高度和哈氏单位显著高于酵母硒组(P＜0.05)。     

甜菜碱促蛋鸡产蛋的内分泌作用机制

将512和300日龄罗曼蛋鸡随机分为2组，分别饲喂添加甜菜碱0、800mg/kg的2种饲粮，于试验30、80d采血和屠宰，探讨了甜菜碱保产蛋的内分泌作用机制。结果显示，日粮中添加甜菜碱30、80d，均可显著提高产蛋鸡腺垂体和血清中FSH、LH含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；显著提高血清中T3、雌二醇（E2）、孕酮（P4）的含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）；显著提高下丘脑和腺垂体中cAMP含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。日粮中添加甜菜碱80d，可显著提高产蛋鸡血清中甲状旁腺激素（PTH）含量（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。日粮中添加甜菜碱对血清中T4含量无明显影响。     

Behavior, physiology, performance and physical condition of layers in conventional and large furnished cages in a hot environment

The aim of the present study was to compare old layers' level of welfare and performance between conventional and large furnished cages under hot environmental conditions. At the age of 80 weeks, 104 Boris Brown layers were divided into two groups: 12 conventional cages (two hens/cage) and four large furnished cages (20 hens/cage, 240 cm wide × 62 cm deep). The room temperature was set to fluctuate between 25 and 33°C in a day. The hens' behavior, immune response, performance and physical condition were measured. Aggression and moving were more frequent in furnished than in conventional cages (P < 0.05 for both items). Egg production (P < 0.05), egg mass (P < 0.05) and feed conversion ratio (P < 0.01) were better in conventional cages than in furnished cages. No significant differences were found in the birds' immune responses or physical condition between the cage designs. In conclusion, under a hot environment, the performance of old layers in large furnished cages was lower compared with that in small conventional cages, which might be due to their greater aggressive interactions. However, it was not evident that welfare level was lower in large furnished cages compared with conventional cages. Hereafter, additional studies about large furnished cages using young layers over a long term should be performed.     

蛋鸡对环境因子的生理反应机制研究进展

蛋鸡生长发育和生产过程受各种环境因子的影响,如温度、氨气、光照和二氧化碳等,其中温度和氨气是鸡舍冷热环境和空气质量环境控制中最为重要的两个方面,明确蛋鸡对重要环境因子的生理反应机制对鸡舍环境控制意义重大.文章综述了鸡舍内主要环境因子对蛋鸡影响机制的研究进展,尤其是温度和氨气对蛋鸡生产性能和生理影响的研究现状,总结了目前...     

笼养蛋鸭舍环境因子与鸭免疫机能及生产性能的研究

试验检测了春季蛋鸭笼养舍内环境因子分布和蛋鸭生理机能及生产性能变化,为蛋鸭阶梯式笼养模式提出改进建议。结果表明:(1)蛋鸭舍内气载有害菌和粉尘浓度随纵向通风进程持续升高,上层鸭笼大肠杆菌属细菌气溶胶浓度显著低于中层和下层(P<0.05)。平均光照强度自进风口到出风口分布均匀,但上层笼极显著高于下层(P<0.01);(2)上层蛋鸭平均产蛋率(69.37%)显著高于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05);累计死淘率(0.11%)显著低于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05);(3)上层鸭蛋哈氏单位为68.2,极显著高于下层鸭蛋(P<0.01);(4)上层蛋鸭血清过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、下丘脑GnRH基因表达水平均显著高于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05);下丘脑CRH基因表达水平,脾脏IL-1β、IL-10和TNF-α基因表达水平显著低于下层蛋鸭(P<0.05)。以上结果显示,春季笼养蛋鸭舍内,不同空间位置环境因子分布不均匀,下层蛋鸭长期处于恶劣环境,增加了死亡率,降低了产蛋率和蛋品质。     

Behavioral changes in laying hens after introduction to battery cages, furnished cages and an aviary

A variety of investigations into alternative systems and furnished cages for laying hens have been conducted, mainly in the European Union. However, comparative studies about the behavior of laying hens just after introduction to these housing systems are few. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the changes of location and behavior of laying hens just after introduction to three housing systems. In total, 181 White Leghorns were used. Thirty‐six birds were allocated to 12 battery cages with three birds per cage (613 cm²/bird); 36 birds were allocated to nine furnished cages with four birds per cage (1170 cm²/bird); and 109 birds were allocated to an aviary (1130 cm²/bird). Direct observations using scanning techniques were conducted over 2 weeks for 4 h/day from the day following the introduction. Scan samples of location and behavior were taken at 10 min intervals. The proportion of birds that stayed at each location in the furnished cages was stable during the observation period. In the aviary, 78% of birds were observed on the floor on the first day, and thereafter the proportion linearly decreased (P < 0.01). The proportions of birds eating in both the battery and furnished cages were stable, indicating that the caged birds would adjust to these environments within a short period. Display of aggression was lower in both the cages (both 0.3 ± 0.1%) than in the aviary (3.5 ± 1.0%, P < 0.001), which indicates the early establishment of social order in both cage systems. In the aviary, the birds were observed eating less frequently than in both the cages on the first day, and the proportion thereafter linearly increased (P < 0.01), and the use of tiered wire floors with feeders accompanied this (P < 0.01). Comfort behaviors, including dust bathing, were noted less in the aviary than in the furnished cages throughout the observation period (both P < 0.05). These results suggest that adjustment of aviary birds to their new environment had been delayed compared with caged birds because of the prerearing conditions and the environmental complexity of the aviary.     

二氢吡啶(diludin)抗蛋鸡脂肪肝的机理

30周龄罗曼蛋鸡 80 0只 ,随机分为 2组 (每组设 4个重复 ,每个重复 10 0只 ) ,分别饲喂添加二氢吡啶 (diludin) 0、15 0 m g/ kg的玉米豆粕日粮 ,分别于试验 2 0周和 40周采血和屠宰 ,研究了二氢吡啶抗蛋鸡脂肪肝的机制。结果显示 ,日粮中添加二氢吡啶 ,试验鸡于 5 0、70周龄时 ,肝脂率和腹脂率均显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;腹脂激素敏感脂酶 (HSL )活性显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,脂蛋白脂酶 (L PL )活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ,肝脏中NADPH生成酶 - MDH活性显著降低 (P<0 .0 1) ;血清脂肪酶活性和游离脂肪酸、极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;血清甘油三酯含量降低 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;血清超氧化物歧化酶和 T3 显著提高 (P<0 .0 5或 P<0 .0 1) ;肝脏、腹脂中环腺苷酸 (c AMP)含量显著提高 (P<0 .0 5 )。上述结果表明 ,二氢吡啶通过促进产蛋中后期蛋鸡肝脏中脂肪的迁移和体脂的分解 ,达到抗脂肪肝效果。