奶牛子宫脱出的整复方法及注意事项

奶牛子宫脱出是一种较常见的奶牛产后疾病。近年来，笔者采用新的奶牛子宫脱出的整复和治疗方法，大量临床实践证明，该法治疗奶牛子宫脱出获得了满意效果。现将奶牛子宫脱出的整复方法及有关注意事项介绍如下。     

奶牛乳房炎的临床表现及黄芪中药组合方剂治疗效果分析

奶牛乳房炎是奶牛泌乳期和停乳时常患的一种疾病，临床症状可见乳房轻度发热，乳汁颜色、味道异常，泌乳减少，因疼痛拒绝挤乳，奶牛食欲减退、精神沉郁，严重者丧失泌乳性能。为提升奶牛乳房炎治疗效果，弥补西药抗生素治疗方法存在的种种弊端，本文在对奶牛乳房炎症状表现与致病原因进行分析后，提出了黄芪中药组合方剂治疗奶牛乳房炎的方法，分析其治疗效果，并进一步提出了预防措施，旨在为奶牛乳房炎防治提供一定参考。     

新法整复奶牛子宫脱出

奶牛子宫脱出是较常见的一种奶牛产后疾病。过去采用常规的奶牛子宫脱出整复和治疗方法，复出率较高，且效果不佳。笔者通过多年的临床实践，采用“子宫顶”固定法，对治疗奶牛子宫脱出有较满意的效果。笔者应用该法，临床治疗奶牛子宫脱出45例，均无一例复出，临床治愈率达到100％，取得了很好的效果。现将这一方法介绍如下：     

止痛消炎膏治疗奶牛关节炎效果好

止痛消炎膏治疗奶牛关节炎效果好奶牛关节炎是奶牛的一种常见病，多发病，对奶牛业危害较大。以前，治疗奶牛关节炎，多采用鱼石脂软膏或碘酊外涂等方法，疗程长而疗效不甚理想。自９２年４月起。我们选用了一种以中药制剂为主的止痛消炎膏配合醋酸铅外敷治疗奶牛关节炎．...     

奶牛蹄病的防治措施

众所周知，奶牛蹄病是一种危害全世界奶牛业的重要疾病之一，蹄的健康是直接关系到奶牛的优良性能能否发挥的最重要因素之一，若治疗不及时或治疗方法不当，则会降低奶牛生产性能，甚至会导致奶牛被淘汰，给养牛业造成相当大的经济损失。     

中草药治疗奶牛乳房炎的优点

奶牛乳房炎，是奶牛饲养中的一种常见病，患病后产奶率下降，传统的治疗方法导致的乳房炎阳性奶和药物残留问题都给奶牛饲养造成很大的损失。我国的中医中药治疗奶牛乳房炎有很多优点。具体说来有四大优点。     

中西医治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛的一种常见病，是引起奶牛繁殖障碍的主要原因之一。近年来，笔者使用中西医结合治疗方法，在贵阳市乌当区治疗奶牛子宫内膜炎近50例，取得很好的效果，现介绍如下，供参考。1病因 奶牛养殖户日常消毒措施不到位，圈舍消毒不严；助产时不注意相关部位及器械的消毒，人工授精时消毒不规范；     

中西药结合治疗奶牛蹄叶炎的体会

蹄叶炎是一种蹄壁真皮的局限性无菌性炎症，是奶牛常见病之一。为典型肢跛，中兽医称五攒痛。临床上以步状僵硬、站立不稳、趴卧不起为特征，如果治疗不及时会影响奶牛的产奶量，对奶牛饲养业造成严重危害。笔者采用中西药结合的方法治疗奶牛蹄叶炎27头，治愈25头，治愈率在92%以上，治疗效果明显。     

进口澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛疥癣病的防治体会

2003年，宁夏回族自治区从澳大利亚进口了一批荷斯坦奶牛，这批奶牛中有部分牛只患有疥癣病。运抵宁夏后，当地采取了一些措旎进行治疗，并取得了良好效果。本文根据诊治的实际情况，详细介绍了奶牛疥癣病的传播途径、症状、诊断方法、治疗措施和防治体会，供近期需要引进澳大利亚荷斯坦奶牛的牧场参考。     

黑龙江东部奶牛子宫内膜炎病原菌耐药性分析

奶牛子宫内膜炎是奶牛的一种常见病，它常能引起奶牛的不孕，生产性能下降，严重的影响奶牛业的发展，给奶牛业户和奶牛场造成不同程度的经济损失。奶牛子宫内膜炎的病原菌复杂，致病因素多样，给奶牛子宫内膜炎的治疗带来很大的困难。又由于各地的病原菌存在着一定的地域性，各地的情况有所差异，所以各地的治疗方法有所不同。目前主要应用抗生素防治子宫内膜炎，     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.