不同纤维类型与水平对肉兔消化、生长性能和胴体性状的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮不同纤维类型和水平对肉兔生长性能、养分消化和胴体性状的影响.试验将35日龄断奶、体重一致的128只肉兔随机分为4组,每组32只,每组4个重复.试验日粮采用2×2因子设计,2个纤维水平(低和高可溶性纤维),2个木质素水平(低和高木质素水平).其中,T1组为低可溶性纤维低木质素,T2组为低可溶性纤维高木质...     

吡啶羧酸铬对育成期笼养蛋鸭生长性能和血液生化指标的影响

试验旨在研究饲粮铬水平对育成期笼养蛋鸭生长性能、血液生化指标的影响。试验采用单因素完全随机分组设计,选择健康28日龄金定蛋鸭180只,随机分成5组,每组6个重复,每个重复6只鸭。对照组(Ⅰ组)饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础饲粮,试验组(Ⅱ～Ⅴ组)分别在基础饲粮中添加0.15、0.30、0.45、0.60 mg/kg铬(吡啶羧酸铬),试验期6周。结果表明:①在饲粮中添加铬(吡啶羧酸铬)对笼养蛋鸭的日增重影响差异显著(P<0.05),但对采食量和料重比影响差异不显著(P>0.05);②一定量的铬(吡啶羧酸铬)对笼养蛋鸭的血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯产生显著影响(P<0.05),并促进了血清总蛋白、白蛋白的提高,同时显著降低了血清尿素氮的含量(P<0.05)。最终通过二次曲线回归方程对添加量和测定指标结果进行回归分析,得出结论:铬(吡啶羧酸铬)在育成期笼养蛋鸭饲粮中最适宜的添加量为0.297 0～0.422 5 mg/kg。     

Effects of dibutyryl cAMP on growth performance and carcass traits in finishing pigs

This study was designed to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with N⁶, 2′-O-dibutyryl adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) on growth performance, carcass traits, histochemical characteristics and serum constituents in finishing pigs. Seventy-two Duroc × (Landrace × Large White) barrows (57.3 ± 0.6 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 treatments with 6 replicate pens/treatment (4 pigs/pen). The pigs were fed diets containing 0, 10 and 20 mg dbcAMP/kg, respectively, until the final slaughter weight of approximately 90 kg. There were no differences in growth performance among dietary treatments. Leaf fat proportion and first rib backfat thickness were reduced (P < 0.05), whereas tenth rib backfat thickness tended to decrease (P = 0.10), in pigs fed 10 mg dbcAMP/kg. Lean percentage was greater (P < 0.05) and longissimus muscle area tended to increase (P = 0.10) in pigs fed 10 mg dbcAMP/kg when compared to the control group, but hot carcass weight was not affected by dbcAMP. Growth rate of fat-free lean tissues tended to increase (P = 0.09) in dbcAMP-supplemented pigs. Dietary dbcAMP decreased (P < 0.05) adipocytes diameter in subcutaneous fat, whereas longissimus muscle fiber diameter tended to increase (P = 0.06) with dbcAMP supplementation; however, no difference in longissimus muscle cell density was detected among treatments. Serum concentrations of total protein and 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate increased (P < 0.05) in response to dbcAMP, but concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, glucose and urea in serum did not differ among dietary treatments. These results indicate that dbcAMP had a positive effect on carcass traits. Addition of 10 mg dbcAMP/kg to the diet was beneficial for growth performance and lean percentage, as well as improving protein and fat metabolism.     

不同铜源及添加水平对北京鸭生长性能和脂代谢的影响

文章研究了饲粮中不同浓度的无机铜和有机铜对1~56 d北京鸭生产性能和脂质代谢的影响。试验选择360只1日龄北京鸭,随机分为9组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只。试验日粮采用4×2因子设计,共9个组(含1个对照组),对照组铜添加水平为0 mg/kg,试验组在基础日粮中添加3、6、9和150 mg/kg的无机(硫酸铜)和有机铜(氨基酸螯合铜),试验分为1~28 d和29~56 d两个阶段进行。结果显示:日粮添加无机铜显著降低了北京鸭的采食量,改善了料比(P <0.05)。日粮添加铜显著提高了血浆铜水平,显著降低了血浆锌水平(P <0.05)。与无机铜源相比,有机铜源显著改善了肝脏铜水平、铜排泄和沉积量(P <0.05)。日粮添加铜显著影响血红蛋白浓度和脂肪水平(P <0.05)。日粮添加150 mg/kg铜显著降低了肝脏和肉脂肪、胆固醇含量以及肉色和嫩度(P <0.05),同时显著降低了血浆脂肪、甘油三酯、胆固醇含量,提高了谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性(P <0.05)。无机铜有提高回肠组织病变的风险,但有机铜对北京鸭组织较安全。结论:铜浓度在150 mg/kg时可以显著改善肉质,增加肉蛋白质含量,同时显著降低肉脂、胆固醇以及血脂、甘油三酯和胆固醇含量。     

发酵菜籽粕对番鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响

本研究旨在分析日粮添加不同比例的发酵菜籽粕对白羽公番鸭生长性能和血液指标的影响。将480只同批次、体重相近的28日龄健康白羽公番鸭随机分成4组,每组6个重复,每重复20只。对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,试验组分别用12%、16%和20%的发酵菜籽粕等氮代替基础日粮中的豆粕,试验期为期21 d。结果表明:1)对照组和16%组番鸭的末体重和平均日增重显著高于其他各组(P<0.05),对照组番鸭的平均日采食量显著高于其他各组(P<0.05)。2)16%组番鸭血清总蛋白、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量均显著低于12%组(P<0.05);16%组番鸭血清的谷丙转氨酶活性和碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于12%组(P<0.05),而血清甲状腺激素含量则相反。3)16%组番鸭血清的超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而其他指标无显著性差异。以上结果显示,日粮中适当添加发酵菜籽粕替代豆粕不会影响番鸭的生长性能,其中添加16%的效果较好。     

Chromium propionate improves performance and carcass traits in broilers

There is evidence to suggest that poultry may have a dietary requirement for metabolically available chromium (Cr) that exceeds the amount provided through wheat soybean meal diets. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary supplemental organic Cr from Cr propionate at different dose levels (control = 0 μg/kg, T1 = 200 μg/kg, T2 = 400 μg/kg) on the growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of broilers. Weight gain and feed intake of each treatment were recorded at the start and after 14, 28 and 35 d, and feed conversion ratios (FCR) were calculated accordingly. At 35 d of age, birds were randomly selected and euthanized for carcass evaluation. Results of the first trial indicate that both Cr propionate treatments increased final body weight (P < 0.05), feed efficiency (P < 0.05) and body weight gain (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, Cr propionate supplementation improved (P < 0.0001) all carcass characteristics. Interestingly, with increased Cr dosage, carcass yield, dressing percentage and breast meat yield increased linearly (P < 0.0001). The second study reveals that the feed intake in the control group was significantly higher compared to both Cr propionate supplemented groups (T1 & T2). Furthermore, the Cr propionate supplemented T2 group displayed a significantly lower FCR than the control and T1 group (P = 0.027). Finally, Cr propionate supplementation increased the dressing percentage compared to control birds (P < 0.0001). In the third experiment, Cr propionate supplementation (T1 & T2) increased final body weight and decreased FCR compared with the control treatment. These effects were highly significant (P < 0.0001) throughout all feeding phases of the trial. Cr propionate supplementation also increased (P < 0.0001) carcass yield, dressing percentage, breast meat yield, leg and thigh weights compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, growth performance, feed conversion, carcass yield, breast and leg meats of broiler birds can be significantly improved by dietary inclusion of Cr propionate. Cr propionate can be supplemented to broiler birds from 1 d old of age at a level that provides 200 or 400 μg/kg organic Cr and can increase the efficiency of broiler production.     

谷胱甘肽对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

选择东北细毛羊×德国肉用美利奴的杂交一代肉羊12只,分成对照组、试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组,每组4只,研究谷胱甘肽对肉羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。试验期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,谷胱甘肽显著提高了肉羊的日增重(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别提高了14.6%和11.4%;降低了肉羊的料重比(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组分别降低了11.0%和8.1%。试验Ⅰ组的净肉率和GR值显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅱ组的宰前活重显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组肉的剪切力显著低于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组的滴水损失显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而熟肉率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且两试验组间差异不显著(P>0.05);各试验组宰后45 min内肉的pH没有显著差异(P>0.05),但试验Ⅰ组24 h的pH极显著地高于其他2组(P<0.01)。     

不同氨基酸限量水平对肉鸭的生长性能和胴体特征的影响

本研究旨在评估日粮不同氨基酸水平对1～56?d肉鸭生长性能和胴体特征的影响.将平均初始体重为(55.92±0.56)g的800只1日龄肉鸭随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复40只.各组肉鸭在1～21?d时饲喂赖氨酸、蛋氨酸+胱氨酸、苏氨酸水平分别为0.90％+0.75％+0.70％、1.0％+0.80％+0.80％、...     

低蛋白质日粮对育肥绵羊生长性能、胴体性状及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响

本研究旨在研究降低全混合日粮蛋白质水平对育肥期绵羊生长性能、胴体性状及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响.试验将32只平均体重为(38.14±0.45)kg的育肥期绵羊随机分为2组,每组8个重复,每个重复2头.两组绵羊在为期10周的试验期中分别饲喂蛋白质水平为13.5％和8.5％的全混合日粮.结果:将全混合日粮蛋白质水平从13.5％...     

木棉籽油对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状、肉品质及经济优势的影响

文章旨在评估木棉籽油替代大豆油对育肥猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.试验将500头20?w平均体重为(84.40±0.18)kg的育肥猪随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复50头.对照组饲喂含有1.5％大豆油的基础日粮,处理组饲喂含有0.8％木棉籽油的基础日粮,试验分为0～3?w和4～6?w共42?d.结果:对照组...     

热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能和蛋品质的影响研究

为探讨热应激对蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质的影响,试验选用健康状况良好、体重相近、食欲正常的360日龄金定鸭200羽,随机分为适温组(20～25℃)、热应激组(32～36℃),每组4个重复,每个重复25羽.试验预试期7d,正试期28 d.结果 表明:(1)试验28 d适温组产蛋率、总蛋重、平均蛋重显著升高(P＜0.05);高温...     

低能饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鸭生长性能和肠道内环境的影响

将216只1日龄健康樱桃谷肉公鸭随机分成3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复12只。处理1喂正对照基础饲粮,处理2喂负对照基础饲粮（降低能量水平）,处理S喂负对照基础饲粮加1860μg／kg的木聚糖酶。试验结果表明。在低能量饲粮中添加木聚糖酶可显著降低1～14．日龄肉鸭的料肉比（P〈0．05）,显著降低7日龄盲肠酸度（P〈0.05）,肉鸭生长性能可达到高能量饲粮的饲养效果．而各处理间的平均日增重和肠道相对黏度无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。     

日粮精粗比对山羊生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮精粗比对山羊生长发育和屠宰性能的影响。18只青年关中奶山羊随机等分为3组;分别饲喂精粗比为31∶69(低)、54∶46(中)和65∶35(高)的3种日粮,各日粮粗蛋白含量相同。结果表明,日增重随精粗比的增加而提高(P<0.05﹚,高精粗比日粮显著提高饲料利用效率(P<0.05﹚,精粗比不影响胃黏膜总重﹑瘤胃和小肠黏膜重量以及胴体重和屠宰率(P>0.05﹚,中等精粗比日粮显著提高皱胃重量(P<0.05﹚。     

吡啶羧酸铬、L-肉碱和甜菜碱对天府肉鸭生产性能和胴体品质的影响

640只21日龄健康天府肉鸭,按体重相近的原则随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬500μg/kg、L-肉碱50mg/kg和甜菜碱1000mg/kg。试验结束后,屠宰测定胸肌率、腿肌率、腹脂率和皮脂厚。结果表明,吡啶羧酸铬能显著提高增重,L-肉碱和甜菜碱对天府肉鸭增重、采食量和料肉比无显著影响。吡啶羧酸铬使肉鸭皮脂厚降低2.08%、腿肌率提高2.52%。L-肉碱有降低胸肌率的趋势。甜菜碱使肉鸭皮脂厚、腹脂率分别降低5.96%、7.25%,而有提高胸肌率的趋势。综上可见,本试验条件下,在生长后期日粮中添加吡啶羧酸铬、L-肉碱或甜菜碱对天府肉鸭生产性能和胴体品质有一定改善作用。     

Effects of different rearing systems on growth performance,carcass traits,meat quality and serum biochemical parameters of Chaohu ducks

This study was conducted using a total of 360 22‐day‐old Chaohu ducks to evaluate the effect of rearing system on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and serum parameters of male and female Chaohu ducks. The birds were divided and raised in separate pens according to sex and rearing system, with three replicate pens of 30 male or 30 female ducks per pen for each rearing system. The rearing systems consisted of a floor rearing system (FRS) and a net rearing system (NRS). Results showed that ducks raised in NRS had better growth performance, whereas, ducks raised in FRS exhibited better carcass traits and meat color, and lower intramuscular fat. For the serum parameters, NRS significantly decreased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol content, and enhanced total protein and triacylglycerol contents. Male ducks had lower abdominal fat percentage, and higher growth performance and shear force, but there were no other significant differences between sexes. No rearing system × sex interaction was observed in the present study, revealing that rearing system had the same effect on both sexes. In conclusion, NRS was beneficial to the growth performance of Chaohu ducks, whereas this system had some negative effects on carcass traits, meat quality and serum profiles.     

复合多糖对育肥猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响

试验旨在研究以牛膝、杜仲和玄参三种药用多糖进行配伍对生长育肥猪生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响,探讨复合多糖改善育肥猪生长性能及肉品质的机理。试验选用160头体重接近的生长育肥猪,采用单因素完全随机试验设计,分为5个处理:1)基础日粮组,2)抗生素组,3)0.05%复合多糖组,4)0.10%复合多糖组,5)0.15%复合多糖组。每组4个重复,每个重复8头猪,试验期共90 d。结果显示:1)与基础日粮组相比,0.10%复合多糖组和0.15%复合多糖组能显著提高猪日增重和降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)与基础日粮组相比,0.10%复合多糖组和抗生素组能显著提高猪屠宰率(P<0.05),复合多糖各组(0.05%,0.10%和0.15%)和抗生素组能显著降低猪的背膘厚并提高眼肌面积和瘦肉率(P<0.05)。3)与基础日粮组相比,复合多糖各组(0.05%,0.10%和0.15%)能显著提高猪背最长肌大理石纹评分并显著降低猪背最长肌的滴水损失(P<0.05)。与基础日粮组相比,抗生素组显著提高猪背最长肌的失水率和滴水损失(P<0.05)。结果表明复合多糖能够显著提高肌肉肉色评分、大理石纹评分、熟肉率,提高瘦肉率和肉品质。     

不同类型油脂对黑山羊生长、屠宰性能及胴体品质的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加大豆油、葵花油和芝麻油对黑山羊生长和屠宰性能、养分摄入量及胴体品质的影响。试验选择健康、平均体重为(19.5±0.38)kg的黑山羊30头,随机分为3组,每组10头,每头羊作为1个重复。日粮采用以玉米、小麦、大麦和豆粕为主的全混合日粮,各组日粮中分别添加3%大豆油、葵花油和芝麻油,各组日粮主要营养成分保持一致,试验进行15周。结果 :葵花油组较大豆油和芝麻油组显著降低了干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质和中性洗涤纤维的摄入量(P <0.05),豆油和芝麻油组显著提高了黑山羊的增重(P <0.05),芝麻油组较大豆油和葵花油组料比最低(P <0.05)。大豆油和芝麻油组较葵花油组显著提高了黑山羊的空腹体重(P <0.05),但葵花油和芝麻油组较大豆油组显著提高了肉羊的热胴体、冷胴体重量(P <0.05)。芝麻油组较其他两组显著提高了肝重和肾脏脂肪含量(P <0.05),同时显著降低了胃重和肠系膜脂肪含量(P <0.05)。芝麻油组较大豆油和葵花油组显著提高了肉羊眼肌宽度、眼肌深度和眼肌面积(P <0.05)。结论 :日粮添加芝麻油可以降低黑山羊的料肉比,提高营养物质的摄入量和屠宰性能,改善眼肌质量。     

不同杂交组合商品猪的肥育性能与胴体品质研究

本研究选用二元长大（L×Y）、三元杜长大（D×LY）、四元皮杜长大（PD×LY）三个杂交组合猪群为实验动物,进行生长发育性能、胴体品质性状测定,旨在为优质肉高效配套杂交组合筛选提供理论依据。研究表明：PD×LY日增重、料肉比及屠宰率最优,日增重、屠宰率与L×Y差异显著（P〈0．05）;PD×LY眼肌面积、后腿比例分别为48．09cm2、34．23％,为三组合中最高,并与L×Y差异显著（P〈0．05）,与D×LY组差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

甜菜碱对育肥猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响

试验选用体重70 kg左右、日龄相近、体质良好的杜长大三元杂交猪45头,采用单因子随机设计,分为对照组、试验1、2、3、4组,每组3个重复,分别饲喂添加0、500、1000、1500、2000 mg/kg甜菜碱的日粮,试验期30 d,研究甜菜碱对肥育猪生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验2、3、4组日均采食量、日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率、肉色评分、大理石评分显著提高(P<0.05),背膘厚度显著降低(P<0.05),试验1组各项指标有所改善,但效果不显著(P>0.05),本试验表明,饲料中添加甜菜碱可提高育肥猪生长性能,改善胴体品质和肉品质,其中添加1500、2000 mg/kg的甜菜碱效果较为理想。     

羽扇豆对生长育肥肉兔生长性能、养分消化率及屠宰性能的影响

文章旨在研究日粮添加不同蛋白原料(豆粕、葵花粕或羽扇豆)对生长育肥期肉兔生长性能、养分消化率及屠宰性能的影响。试验选择37 d断奶的肉兔120只,随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复10只兔。试验设计3种日粮,日粮中蛋白原料分别是豆粕(10%)、葵花粕(17%)和羽扇豆(15%),试验共进行6周。结果:葵花粕组较豆粕和羽扇豆组有降低肉兔总能、酸性洗涤纤维和淀粉表观消化率的趋势(P=0.06,P=0.08,P=0.09),同时中性洗涤纤维显著低于其他两组(P<0.05)。豆粕组较葵花粕和羽扇豆组有提高其他挥发性脂肪酸含量的趋势(P=0.08),同时豆粕组有提高盲肠及其内容物相对重量的趋势(P=0.09,P=0.06)。与豆粕组和葵花粕组相比,羽扇豆组显著提高了盲肠乳酸含量(P<0.05)。葵花粕组较其他组显著提高了肉兔各阶段平均日采食量(P<0.05)。葵花粕组较羽扇豆组显著提高了59~79 d肉兔的死亡率(P<0.05)。羽扇豆组较豆粕组和葵花粕组显著提高了肉兔的屠宰率(P<0.05)。结论:羽扇豆是生长育肥肉兔饲料中较好的蛋白原料,可以完全替代饲料中的豆粕,对肉兔生长性能、屠宰性能以及养分消化、盲肠相关指标无负面影响。