温度对重组竹短期受压蠕变性能的影响

通过对重组竹受压试件进行短期蠕变试验,研究温度对重组竹受压试件蠕变特性及蠕变规律的影响.针对不同应力水平下温度对重组竹短期受压蠕变的影响,研究了在同一应力水平7.5％下,重组竹在5种不同温度下的24 h顺纹受压蠕变性能;进一步比较了重组竹在应力水平为7.5％,15％,30％且温度分别为25,50,75℃情况下的24 h...     

Characterization of acetylated wood decayed by brown-rot and white-rot fungi

The objective of this study was to characterize the decay of acetylated wood due to brown-rot and white-rot fungi by analysis of chemical composition, X-ray measurements, and¹³C-NMR spectroscopy. The decay by brown-rot fungus became inhibited at a weight percent gain (WPG) due to acetylation of more than 10%, and the mass loss (LOSS) due to decay became zero at a WPG of about 20%. The LOSS due to white-rot fungus decreased slowly with the increase in WPG, reaching zero at a WPG of about 12%. The losses of lignin by brown-rot decay increased initially with the decrease in LOSS owing to the progressing acetylation and then decreased at a LOSS of less than 60%. Polysaccharides were more easily decomposed than lignin during the decay of acetylated wood due to brown-rot fungus. The losses of both components due to white-rot decay decreased as the LOSS decreased with progressing acetylation. The white-rot fungus tended to preferentially decompose the lignin during the decay of acetylated wood. The brown-rot fungus decomposed the cellulose in the crystalline region to a large degree when the LOSS was more than 40%, whereas the white-rot fungus decomposed the crystalline region and the noncrystalline region in acetylated wood to the same degree. The brown-rot fungus preferentially decomposed unsubstituted xylose units in acetylated wood and partly decomposed the mono-substituted xylose units. It was suggested that the mono- and disubstituted cellulose were partly decomposed by brown-rot fungus.This paper was presented at the 46th and 47th annual meetings of the Japan Wood Research Society at Kumamoto and Kochi in April 1996 and April 1997, respectively     

碳纤维增强聚合物 重组竹复合材的弯曲力学性能

重组竹已广泛应用于室内高档装饰、园林景观、室外防腐地板等领域,但重组竹的弹性模量比较小,为钢材的1/7~1/5,应用于建筑领域时难以充分发挥其自身高强度的特性。针对重组竹刚度较小的问题,提出一种重组竹板和碳纤维增强聚合物(CFRP)厚板嵌合粘接的新型重组竹复合材料,采用三点弯曲试验和有限元仿真方法,对CFRP 重组竹复合试件的失效模式、荷载 位移关系、应变曲线、胶层界面剥离影响等进行了研究。结果表明:重组竹试件失效模式是跨中位置处拉伸区域竹纤维断裂,且出现若干水平分层破坏,CFRP 重组竹复合试件的失效模式是CFRP与重组竹层间胶层出现大面积剥离;CFRP 重组竹复合试件的变形过程分为线弹性阶段和界面破坏阶段;CFRP可以明显提高重组竹梁的弹性模量和静曲强度,复合试件弹性模量是重组竹试件的2.33~2.94倍,静曲强度是重组竹试件的1.49~1.58倍;胶层界面剥离是CFRP 重组竹复合试件失效的重要因素,胶层界面剥离对复合试件的应变分布和挠度都有较大影响,完全剥离后试件的挠度是未剥离时的3.09倍。     

毛竹和重组竹腐朽前后的表面颜色及耐腐性能

以毛竹和重组竹为研究对象,用绵腐卧孔菌(PV)、密粘褶菌(GT)两种褐腐菌和彩绒革盖菌(CV)、变色栓菌(TV)两种白腐菌进行腐朽试验,比较分析了毛竹和重组竹腐朽前后表面视觉性质及其质量损失差异。结果发现:毛竹和重组竹颜色均发生了显著变化,主要表现为明度(L~*)降低,色度值(C)、红绿轴色品指数(a~*)和黄蓝轴色品指数(b~*)显著增大,其中绵腐卧孔菌对毛竹及重组竹的色差影响最大。重组竹(耐绵腐卧孔菌)能达到Ⅰ级强耐腐水平;毛竹(耐绵腐卧孔菌)和重组竹(耐密粘褶菌和彩绒革盖菌)达到了Ⅱ级耐腐水平;毛竹(耐密粘褶菌、彩绒革盖菌和变色栓菌)和重组竹(耐彩绒革盖菌)为Ⅲ级稍耐腐水平。整体来看,重组竹对白腐菌和褐腐菌的耐腐效果好于毛竹。绵腐卧孔菌虽然对毛竹和重组竹的降解能力最弱,但对其颜色变化的影响却最大。扫描电镜可观察到彩绒革盖菌通过毛竹导管壁上的纹孔进入薄壁细胞、伴胞等,同时通过分泌木质素酶导致其细胞壁降解。     

Resistance of Pinus leucodermis heartwood and sapwood against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana

Abstract

This study assessed the decay resistance of Pinus leucodermis wood to the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana. Based upon the median weight losses of 30.65% for heartwood and of 34.68% for sapwood obtained in the biological tests, both the heartwood and sapwood material examined was classified as not durable (durability class 5) according to the CEN/TS 15083-1 classification. Total extractives were low, 3.93% in heartwood and 1.00% in sapwood, while lignin content was 22.60% and 25.41% in heartwood and sapwood, respectively. It is highly recommended to use protective treatments before using P. leucodermis wood in outdoor conditions.     

沙柳重组木表面粗糙度的二维和三维分析对比

沙柳是我国东北地区广泛分布的一种速生沙生灌木,它具有耐寒、耐旱、砂埋藏高、适应性强、生长迅速等优良特性.高性能重组木是将沙柳在保留原有纤维排列的前提下,经过精细化疏解、浸胶、干燥、热压等工序加工成一种大截面、高强度、高耐候的均质结构材.作为一种建筑结构材料,其密度和尺寸可控,在一定程度上可以替代实木,大大提高了其附加值...     

不同含水率条件下竹材热处理内部温度变化规律

利用T型热电偶测量不同含水率条件下竹材热处理时内部温度变化规律,与计算值进行对比,结果表明:置于热空气中的竹片,随着含水率增加,芯层、表层温度达到热空气温度所用时间逐渐增加,但表层温度变化受含水率影响较芯层小;置于热压机中的竹片,随着含水率增加,芯层温度变化规律受含水率影响不明显;置于热空气、热压机中的竹片,内部温度变化规律测试值与计算值有良好的吻合性。     

竹粉含量及粒径对竹塑复合材料性能的影响

以竹粉和高密度聚乙烯为原料,通过混炼、平板热压制备竹粉/HDPE复合材料,研究竹粉含量和粒径大小对复合材料的吸湿、吸水性以及力学性质的影响.试验结果表明:随着竹粉添加量的增加,竹塑复合材料的吸湿、吸水性能也逐渐增大,同时,当竹粉粒径变小时,复合材料的吸湿、吸水性能也增大;复合材料的冲击强度随着竹粉含量的增加而减小,而拉伸强度与弯曲强度随着竹粉含量增加而增大,但当竹粉含量超过50％,这些强度反而降低;随着竹粉粒径增大,抗冲击强度逐渐降低,而拉伸强度与弯曲强度增大,但当粒径超过180μm时,这两个强度则开始下降.     

Ecological functions of bamboo forest： Research and Application

Bamboo forest is an important forest type in subtropical and tropical areas. Due to its biological characteristic and growth habits,bamboo is not only an ideal economic investment that can be utilized in many different manners but also has enormous potential for alleviating many environmental problems facing the world today. This review describes ecological functions of the bamboo forest on soil erosion control, water conservation, land rehabilitation, and carbon sequestration.     

毛竹资源现状与经营利用浅析

阐述了毛竹的生长特性,经济、生态效益及毛竹资源利用现状。结合新邵县自然地理、交通状况和毛竹产业发展现状,分析了当前新邵县毛竹开发利用存在的一些问题,并对今后毛竹产业的发展与经营利用模式进行了相应的探讨,以期为林农在毛竹生产经营与管理方面提供参考。     

竹林生态功能研究与应用

竹林是热带、亚热带地区重要的森林类型,其具有独特的生物学特性和生长特点.竹子不仅具有重要的经济价值,而且在减轻目前我们面临的许多环境问题方面具有巨大潜力.本文综述了竹林在控制土壤侵蚀,涵养水源退化土地的恢复,以及大气二氧化碳减方面的生态功能.     

邯郸市竹类植物种类及景观应用调查

通过对邯郸市竹类植物种类及应用方式调查,摸清了邯郸市竹类植物种类,总结竹类植物在邯郸市的景观应用形式以及与其他造园要素配置应用,最后对邯郸市竹类植物应用中存在的问题进行了分析,并提出了相应的对策与建议。     

Microclimate and moisture content profile measurements in rain exposed Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) joints

In order to perform service life predictions of rain exposed wood structures, the moisture and temperature conditions in the structure need to be known as well as which degradation that occurs under those exposure conditions. The microclimate (the moisture conditions at the surface) is the boundary condition for moisture transport into the wood and depends on the detail design; joints between two pieces of wood can act as a water trap which give long durations of surface moisture after rain events and hinders drying. This study presents moisture content and microclimate measurements in three types of Norway spruce joints exposed to artificial rain in the laboratory. Both the microclimate (the duration of water on surfaces and in gaps) and the moisture content profiles were monitored. The microclimate was changed by changing the size of the gap between the two boards. The duration of water in the gap depended both on the gap size and on the permeability of the wood (sapwood/heartwood, end grain surface/side grain surface). In many cases, a larger gap width gave shorter durations of high moisture contents since a larger gap gave more favourable drying conditions, but the magnitude of this reduction varied between joint types.     

竹集成材高频热压胶合工艺及性能研究

采用酚醛树脂胶黏剂,以竹条含水率、涂胶量为试验因子进行竹集成材的高频热压胶合试验,并对其物理力学性能进行检验.结果表明,竹集成材高频热压胶合技术是可行的.在本试验范围内,竹集成材的密度和胶合性能随涂胶量的增加而提高.通过分析试验数据,得出较优的高频热压胶合工艺条件为:涂胶量300 g/m2,竹条含水率12％,高频热压时间10 min.     

竹子组织培养研究现状与应用前景

综述了当前国内外竹子组织培养的研究进展与现状。从植株再生途径、外植体和培养基的选择、植物生长调节剂和添加物的使用几方面总结了竹子组织培养技术的经验,探讨了竹子组织培养在快速繁殖、遗传育种、离体成花3个领域的应用。最后提出了当前竹子组织培养的难点,并对今后的研究热点进行了展望。     

Detection of Veneer Moisture Content by Surface-circle-shaped Resistance

1IntroductionVeneermoisturecontent(MC)anditsdistributionserveasanimportanttechnologicalparameterindicatingdryingqualities.Accordingtomanufacturingplywoodtheory(Lu1993),toohighortoolowaMCdirectlyaffectsproductqualities.Theformerwillcausesomedefectssuchasungluing,split,distortion,etc.Andthelatterwillresultnotonlyinanincreaseinproductioncost,butalsoinadeclineinproductqualitiesduetothepartialcarbonizationontheveneersurfaceanddamagingtothefiber抯physicalproperties.Atpresent,mostoftheplywoodmanuf…     

Thermal-softening properties and cooling set of water-saturated bamboo within proportional limit

Thermal-softening properties and cooling set of water-saturated bamboo were investigated using stressrelaxation measurements in heating and cooling processes, followed by residual deflection measurement. In the heating process, an obvious decrease in relative relaxation modulus due to thermal-softening of lignin was found at around 60°C. On the other hand, no clear change in the relative relaxation modulus was recognized in the cooling process. After the cooling process, about 65% and 75% of residual set was measured when the specimen was loaded on the epidermis and endodermis side, respectively. Also, residual set depended on the maximum temperature reached in the heating process and the unloaded temperature in the cooling process. From these results, it was deduced that the glass transition of lignin from the rubbery to glassy state is important to fix the deformation. Comparing thermal-softening behavior between bamboo and wood, the relative relaxation modulus of wood decreased steeply at higher temperatures than for bamboo. On the other hand, while about 75% of residual set was also found for wood, almost the same as for bamboo, the recovery of deformation with time was larger for wood than for bamboo. Part of this article was presented at the 53rd Annual Meeting of the Japan Zairyou Society, Okayama, May 2004     

竹醋液与茶多酚协同抗氧化性能研究

通过研究竹醋液与茶多酚复配后的协同抗氧化效果,考察了两种复配液(竹醋液与茶多酚的体积比分别为10∶1和5∶1)对DPPH、超氧阳离子O2·-和羟基自由基·OH的清除能力.结果显示:竹醋液与茶多酚复配液的抗氧化能力优于单独竹醋液或单独茶多酚,即复合抗氧化剂具有协同清除自由基的作用.可见,竹醋液与茶多酚复配后,产生了协同效应,复配液抗氧化能力不仅与复配物本身性质有关,并且与复配物的比例有关.     

茶树越冬后叶片含水量与耐寒性研究初报

通过对茶树受冻害情况调查和茶树叶片含水量测定，分析了茶树受冻害程度与茶树叶片单叶重、总合水量、自由水含量、束缚水含量及束缚水与自由水的比值的相关性，结果表明：茶树叶片总合水量、自由水含量、束缚水含量分别为0．52g／g—0.63g／g、0．25g／g-0．43g,／g、C．15g／g-0．33g/g；茶树受冻害程度与束缚水含量、束缚水与自由水的比值、叶片单重存在负相关性，与总合水量、自由水含量存在正相关性。     

竹材去内节破竹机的设计

简述了竹材去内节破竹机研制的技术背景,针对其需要解决的技术问题提出了设计思路;通过对两种去内节破竹机性能的对比分析,确定了中试生产设备为弹力夹紧式去内节破竹机;并介绍了弹力夹紧式去内节破竹机的工作原理和主要机构的设计及其主要技术参数和特点。