山西网络森林医院正式开通运行

本刊讯3月7日上午,山西省林业有害生物防治检疫局举行山西网络森林医院开通仪式。厅党组书记、厅长李永林出席仪式并启动网院开通按纽,姚文达副巡视员作了讲话,温普德副巡视员主持启动仪式。山西网络森林医院是以服务林农为宗旨,以现     

宁国27名“森林大夫”获聘书

<正>2014日年4月28日本报讯:日前,安徽省宁国市林业局聘请吴志辉等27名林业技术骨干为市网络森林医院健康管理专家,并颁发了聘书。聘请的专家将严格按照《宁国市网络森林医院专家管理办法(试行)》的工作要求深入实践,及时为林农解疑答惑。宁国市是林木健康卡运用推广试点县市,国家网络森林医院及其用户林木健康卡的建立,是林业公共服     

安徽省森林生态效益补偿林农参与意愿评价研究

在森林生态效益补偿中,林农是补偿实施的主体,其参与意愿直接影响生态补偿项目的实施绩效和持久性。安徽省集体林区承担重要的生态系统服务功能,自2003年开始实施森林生态补偿。通过实地调研,运用二项Logistic模型进行分析,研究认为:安徽省集体林区林农对森林生态补偿参与意愿影响显著的因子主要有4个:林农对补偿额度的评价、林农家庭年林业收入、补偿是否改善林农生活水平以及没有补偿时林农生活水平变化的影响。基于此,提出进一步完善森林生态效益补偿政策、提高林农参与意愿的措施,为进一步完善安徽省的森林生态效益补偿政策提供参考。     

国家网络森林医院中林业有害生物危害信息的自助检索构想

详细阐述了国家网络森林医院中林业有害生物危害信息检索系统设立的必要性与可行性,检索的原则和功能,应用的范围与条件,程序的架构、流程与实现方法。     

山西网络森林医院使用方法研究

为方便林业有害生物监测和防治工作,山西省林业有害生物防治检疫局与重庆科美达云计算服务有限公司合作,开发建成了山西网络森林医院。介绍了山西网络森林医院的功能与使用方法。     

国家网络森林医院中建立林木健康卡构想

为了适应林改形势,强化公共服务,完善服务功能,建议在国家网络森林医院中,针对具有林权证的用户建立林木健康卡,记录林地的基本信息、林木防治活动以及用户在网院的咨询与专家的解答等信息,实现网院"服务社会、服务林改、服务现代林业"的宗旨。本文系统地探讨了建立林木健康卡的可行性、设计原则、实现方法与使用方法。     

阳朝乡国家级公益林现状调查与分析

森林根据发挥的主导功能不同,可以划分为生态公益林和商品林两大类。生态公益林是以发挥生态效益、社会效益为主导功能的森林。而国家级生态公益林是指生态区位极为重要或生态状况极为脆弱,对国土安全、生物多样性保护和经济社会可持续发展具有重要作用,以发挥森林生态和社会服务功能为主要经营目的的重点防护林和特种用途林。本文主要对阳朝乡国家级公益林的现状,以及公益林的区划和管理对当地林农经济生活的影响进行了详细的调查,通过对现状的调查分析,提出了增加补偿资金、进行合理区划调整、加大精准扶贫力度等具体解决办法。     

提高森林资源产出率的对策探讨

本文在准确把握安徽省森林资源现状与问题的基础上,结合现行的森林培育方法与实践,分析、借鉴经济、林学、生态特别是循环经济等理论与理念,有针对性地研究并提出了:科学发展林业,必须树立以循环经济理念为指导;采取近自然森林经营法;集约化经营商品林;积极开展森林可持续经营,提升林分质量;全力推广林农复合经营五大对策,以提高森林资源产出率。     

宁都县森林抚育补贴试点项目实施成效

森林抚育是提高森林质量、增加森林蓄积、增强森林碳汇功能的主要途径。宁都县的中幼林面积占到全县林地总面积的80%。通过实施森林抚育补贴试点项目,以实际成效引导林农改变人种天养的粗放林业发展模式,为实现从林业大县到林业强县的飞跃,培育优质森林资源打下基础。     

中国森林生态服务功能年总价值10万亿元

中国林科院以第七次全国森林资源清查成果为基础,辅以全国各森林生态系统定位研究站长期连续观测数据集,以《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》国家林业行业标准为依据,结合对不同区域、不同植被类型生态系统结构、生态过程与服务功能的科研成果,对全国森林的生态服务功能进行评估,形成了《中国森林生态服务功能评估报告》。这也是我国首次在全国尺度上开展的森林生态服务功能评估。     

To insure or not to insure? Analysis of foresters' willingness-to-pay for fire and storm insurance

Natural catastrophes in forests have become more damaging in recent years and are expected to further increase according to climate change scenarios. Currently, governmental measures mostly focus on providing financial support, such as direct payments, to forest owners after disasters. However, in the light of more weather extremes, this could lead to a heavier financial burden for national budgets. Therefore, the current financial support system has to be reconsidered with regard to privatizing foresters' risks. Insurance could play a key role, but in many countries forests are rarely insured. In order to explain insurance coverage, we analyzed foresters' preferences regarding fire and storm insurance, which are expressed as their willingness-to-pay (WTP). Therefore, we measured the risk attitude and conducted a discrete choice experiment with 137 German foresters, using various policy and forest enterprise scenarios. Our results show that most foresters have a very low WTP for insurance, and individual risk attitude was not of significant influence. The WTP was higher for fire than for storm insurance, presumably due to liquidity preservation motives. Policy programs involving unconditional support after disaster reduced the WTP. Instead, subsidized insurance premiums increased the WTP and thus, should be considered to establish an efficient insurance market.     

Thriving or Surviving? Forester Responses to Private Forestland Parcelization in New York State

Consulting forester business practices are challenged by significant decreases in the sizes of private forest properties and the changes in landowner values that accompany forestland parcelization. Though researchers have discussed the potential ways entrepreneurial foresters could adapt to these new ownership patterns and landscape dynamics, actual responses by foresters working in parcelizing landscapes are largely undocumented. We conducted twenty in-depth interviews with foresters working in New York State to determine (1) how foresters have experienced parcelization of properties they work with, (2) what challenges are associated with forestry projects on decreasing property sizes, and (3) what kinds of changes foresters are making to adapt to decreasing property sizes. We found that foresters across the state observe decreasing sizes of forest properties and see values of forest owners shifting beyond timber production, although most do not consider these changes to be the most urgent challenges to sustainable forestry and profitable forest consulting. Professional foresters are reacting to parcelization in diverse ways; while some are trying entrepreneurial approaches to reach new clients or offer different services, others are primarily interested in maintaining their traditional practices and roles. These findings indicate that strictly relying on independent entrepreneurial responses by private foresters may not be sufficient to close the gap between the historical role of consulting foresters and the trajectory of modern forest parcels. Additional measures like specialized training and policy changes may also be required to address the management challenges associated with forestland parcelization.     

Is Recentralization Really Dominant? The Role of Frontline Foresters for Institutional Arrangement in the Philippines

Decentralized forest policy has been moderately successful in delivering resource-use rights to local people. At the same time, it is possible that decentralization leads to recentralization because governments never give their authority over forest resources. Recentralization studies have paid little attention to the potential of local dynamics to lead to institutional arrangements that affect forest outcomes. This paper uses a case study of Community-based Forest Management (CBFM) in the Philippines to explore how local realities lead to the development of effective institutions for forest management. In this case study, local informal regulations of forest resource use were created through the process of settling local conflicts among competing CBFM interests, including members and non-members of people’s organizations, and frontline foresters who are working at local level. Frontline foresters played a role as coordinator of institutional arrangements that regulate local forest exploitation within the CBFM implementation process. The behavior of frontline foresters affected by their own personalities and existing social relations among residents, can deter recentralization in some ways. More attention is needed on the role of frontline foresters and non-members of people’s organization as influential negotiators in state-society relations concerning forests.     

林权交易中的信息问题分析

南方集体林区,在林权重新配置到林农手中后,发生大量林权交易,这些交易中暴露出诸多亟待解决的问题。运用信息经济学相关理论,联系某地林权流转实践,经分析发现,信息不完全、信息不对称等问题是当前面临的难题,这将导致林农在林权交易中利益的损失。通过采取完善农村林权交易市场信息系统、出台林权交易管理办法、加强林权交易市场制度建设、促进交易中介组织的形成和发展、提升林农的信息收集水平及其信息甄别能力等措施解决这些问题。     

Acceptable practices in Ontario's forests: Differences between the public and forestry professionals

We compare and contrast survey responses to statements about 1) environmental values, 2) agreement with forest management goals and approaches, 3) perceptions of risk, 4) trust in science and government, and 5) acceptability of forestry practices between the public and three groups of forestry professionals (government biologists, government foresters, and industry foresters) in Ontario. The survey emphasized issues surrounding forest vegetation management due to the contentious nature of herbicide use. Responses were gathered from a 140-question telephone survey administered from September and November 1994 to 1,500 members of the general public and 201 forestry professionals across the province. Forestry professionals tended to be less supportive of some environmental values and forest management goals, perceive everyday and forestry activities to be less risky, be more trusting of science and government, and be more accepting of forestry activities than the general public. Among the three groups of forestry professionals, industry foresters tended to be most different from the public, followed by government foresters, and government biologists. These differences reveal potential sources of conflict and miscommunication between the public and forest managers. Recognizing these differences can help improve communications with the public about forest management plans.     

Managing city forests for or in spite of recreation? Perspectives of forest managers

This paper provides insights into foresters’ perceptions of forest recreation and its management. It is based on qualitative interviews with foresters in Berlin and the region of Stuttgart, Germany (N = 16). The results highlight the lack of strategic planning concerned with recreation management at both locations. Moreover, recreation management seems to depend mostly on the local forester in charge. Foresters’ perceptions of recreation, in turn, appear to be closely linked with how they perceive their work. Three narratives of the foresters’ self-perception are constructed that address three key items: perception of foresters’ skills and tasks, perception of the societal and political context of the foresters’ work and of their own scope of action in this context, and visions for future recreation management. The first narrative emphasises classical forestry and silvicultural aspects; the second understands foresters as multifunctional service providers for communal clients; and the last criticises the classical orientation of forestry and highlights new challenges for foresters in urban areas. These three views of recreation management in urban forests relate to classical forestry culture in different ways: either embodying this culture; differentiating from it; or adopting a new view which challenges this culture. Further research needs are discussed. The paper lastly argues for increased awareness of the importance of the social dimensions of forest management as one of the crucial future challenges for the forestry profession.     

世界森林经营思想的演变及其对我们的启示

本文回顾了世界森林经营思想和实践的演变过程,对“森林的永续经营”和“森林的可持续经营”概念进行了诠释,同时指出“森林的可持续经营”概念目前已为世界上众多政治家和林业工作者所接受,从而成为当今世界森林经营的主体思想。作者还根据近年来国际森林问题的发展动态,就我国的林业发展提出了几点思考。作者认为,保持森林的环境保护与生产作用的平衡是至关重要的,在重视生态保护的同时,切莫忽略了森林的传统功能——生产。     

Re-inventing forestry expertise: Strategies for coping with biodiversity protection in Finland

Tackling biodiversity loss requires new forms of expertise in forestry. Drawing on a case study in Finland, the paper analyses how professional foresters are invited to protect the heterogeneity of forest ecosystems while they simultaneously work to homogenise these habitats for improved productivity. To understand how formerly irrelevant biological knowledge, and related skills and expertise gain credibility in forestry decision-making in such a complex policy context, the paper adopts a two-fold theoretical approach. On one hand, it focuses on the tools and techniques which redirect expert practice, introducing new rationalities, roles and routines for professional foresters. On the other hand, it seeks to view foresters as complex sociological actors who reinvent themselves as biodiversity experts by strategically mobilising various kinds of resources to negotiate their role and status as experts. This two-fold analysis addresses how the status of biological knowledge is determined by the tension between formally configured expert rationalities and expert identities and roles mobilised through informal interactions. Three expert strategies in engaging with biodiversity are identified based on the personal histories, motivations and identities of the foresters: the ambassador, navigator and bolshie. Through these strategies professional foresters interact with each other and with landowners while implementing biodiversity policies, hence influencing the policy outcomes.     

Mexican Forest History

Abstract

Mexican forestry science has been affected by its relationship with the Mexican state, and by the history of state forestry institutions. Conflicts between conservationists and politicians engaged in land reform resulted in loss of power for conservationists in the forest department in the 1940s. More recent political struggles for control of the forests color the interpretations which forest communities and foresters place upon forest management practices, and may lead to present day debates over specific silvicultural practices. If foresters are to apply silvicultural techniques, they need to be aware of the political experience of the landowners they work for, and the political implications of their own technical knowledge.     

河南省林业社会化服务体系建设初探

河南省实施集体林权制度改革以来,林业社会化服务需求非常旺盛。但是目前河南省林业社会化服务体系还很不健全,难以满足林农的需求。今后,应在稳步提高政府公益性服务的基础上,扶持以林业合作组织为代表的社会性服务组织和以涉林企业为代表的市场性服务组织,促进河南省林业社会化服务体系的完善。