饲料中添加中草药育肥秦川牛试验

试验期内试验组每头牛平均增重87kg，而对照组每头牛增重63kg，试验组牛平均每头日增重比对照组多24ks差异极显著（P〈0．01）。试验组10d后牛的毛色变得比较光滑，牛的精神状况及采食、饮水、排粪、排尿等生理现象正常。试验组牛平均每增重1kg消耗精饲料1．55kg，对照组牛平均每增重1kg消耗精饲料2．14ks。试验组牛每增重1kg的饲料费用为4．21元，对照组牛每增重1kg的饲料费用为5．35元，每千克增重试验组比对照组节约饲料成本1．14元。     

添加“优丹”植物源料对育肥猪后期增重和肉质的影响

临沧市畜牧站在镇康县保林公司万头猪场选择同品种、胎次相近、体重相近的42头育肥猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,按照厂家推荐使用的方案,开展饲喂试验,以期探讨和准确掌握"优丹"植物源绿色精料在临沧对育肥后期猪的增重及猪肉肉质品质的影响效果。试验结果表明,试验组比对照组平均每头多增重3.4 kg,平均每头每天多增重60 g,猪肉中胆固醇降低7.55 mg/100 g,是临沧市育肥猪中值得推广的绿色精料添加料。     

蕉藕块茎渣饲喂生长育肥猪试验

在二月龄断奶仔猪基础日粮中每头每日添加1～2kg风干蕉藕块茎渣作为试验组，只喂基础日粮的作为对照组，进行了为期114天的试验。结果表明：试验组个体全期日增重690g，比对照组625g多增重65g，提高10．4％，差异显著（P＜0．05）；每增重1kg体重，试验组比对照组少耗料0．45kg，提高饲料利用率12．5％；试验组每头获毛利202．4元，比对照组每头获毛利157．9元多44．5元，提高28．2％，经济效益明显。     

日粮中添加微孔草籽对育肥羊生产性能的影响

选择6月龄左右、无角陶赛特羊改良本地母羊杂一代羯羊40只,随机分为对照组和试验组两组,每组20只,进行育肥试验。试验期间,对照组每天每头饲喂精饲料1kg;试验组每天每头饲喂精饲料0.6kg,另外再添加微孔草籽0.5kg。经过40d的育肥试验,比较两组增重效果。结果表明,试验组比对照组日增重多102.5g,差异显著(P<0.05)。试验组每头羊比对照组多收益128元。     

利用日光暖棚、纯天然饲料快速育肥肉牛试验

利用目光“两用”暖棚,在纯天然饲料的条件下对肉牛进行育肥试验。90天后,试验组肉牛平均增重90．30kg．比对照组多增重57．00kg;日增重1000g,比对照组日增重多63g。纯收入试验组每头达651.2元,对照组每头牛育肥期满倒赔32．4元。     

全价日粮对肉牛育肥效果研究

育肥牛试验选用1.5~2.0周岁秦杂阉牛40头,随机分为试验组和对照组(P0.05),试验期60d。结果表明,试验组日增重1.16kg/头,试验组比对照组增加0.48kg,提高41.4%,差异极显著(p0.01)。试验期试验组每头牛利润503.2元,对照组每头牛利润121.8元,试验组每头牛比对照组多收益381.4元,每头牛日增利润6.36元。     

青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆饲喂肉牛效果研究

[目的]饲喂青贮甜高粱与玉米秸秆对肉牛增重的效果研究,选择11月龄、体重280Kg 的西门塔尔公牛20头进行饲喂效果对比试验。[结果]显示：对照组、试验组平均每头日增重为0.98 kg、1.45 kg。试验组比对照组平均日多增重0.47 kg,提高47.96%;净收益每头每天比对照组多9.78元。[结论]表明：青贮甜高粱饲喂育肥肉牛增重效果明显,经济效益较好。     

发酵洋芋渣喂猪效果试验

采用坑贮乳酸菌发酵的洋芋渣喂猪,试验组比对照组每头猪平均日增重提高37g,提高9.43%,试验组比对照组头均每kg增重减少饲料支出9.12%,试验组比对照组头均盈利增加36.73元,试验组比对照组头均提高24.15%,试验组头均总增重比对照组提高6.56kg,经t检验,试验组增重显著(P<0.05)。     

微贮荞花饲喂仔猪增重效果试验

用微贮养花和普通养花饲喂仔猪，进行对比试验。在60天试验期间，试验组猪比对照组猪平均多增重6．79kg，每头平均日增重430g，比对照组提高34％，增重效果极显著。     

不同日粮对肉牛育肥效果研究

育肥牛试验选用 1 5～ 2 0周岁秦杂阉牛 2 0头 ,随机分为试验组和对照组 (P >0 0 5 ) ,试验期 60d。结果表明 ,试验组日增重 1 2 1kg/头 ,对照组 0 67kg/头 ,试验组比对照组多增加 0 5 4kg ,提高 80 % ,差异极显著 (P <0 0 1)。试验期试验组每头牛利润 185 4 4元 ,对照组每头牛利润 96 2 5元 ,试验组每头牛比对照组多收益 89 19元 ,每头牛日增利润 1 4 9元。     

绿色食品肉猪产业化配套生产技术

本文从绿色食品肉猪产业化生产的角度，阐述了绿色食品饲料,绿色食品肉猪生产技术，产品质量监测；建立企业标准化体系和绿色食品肉猪生产基地建设。     

长白山野猪与莱芜猪杂交一代猪的肉品品质

为了利用野猪和地方品种猪的优良种质资源,生产安全优质绿色猪肉,以长白山野猪与山东省优良地方品种莱芜猪的杂交1代猪（简称野莱F1代猪）和长×大白猪（各18头,公母各半）为研究对象,利用不含任何添加剂的绿色玉米、豆粕、麦麸组成的日粮,在舍饲＋放牧的条件下饲养至90kg左右时屠宰,对试验猪的肌肉组织学性状、氨基酸、肌苷酸、矿物质和微量元素含量及氨基酸评分进行了比较全面的测定分析。结果表明：野菜F1代猪的肌纤维比长×大白猪细,肌小节比长×大白猪长（P〈0.01）;除脯氨酸外,F1代猪的其他17种氨基酸含量、氨基酸总量、必需＋半必需氨基酸含量,鲜味氨基酸和肌苷酸含量及氨基酸评分,均显著或极显著高于长×大白猪（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）;F1代猪肉的矿物质和微量元素含量较丰富,除K显著低于长×大白猪外,Ca、P、Fe、Zn、Mg和Cu的含量都显著或极显著高于长×大白猪（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结果提示：野莱F1代猪肉的肉品品质和营养价值比长×大白猪好,可以作为生产安全优质绿色猪肉的原料猪用。     

苦荞对高寒山区杂交猪育肥及屠宰性能的影响

为研究12％、24％苦荞代替育肥猪日粮中部分玉米和麸皮对猪育肥及屠宰性能的影响,试验选取体重20kg左右健康大白猪（加×美）二元杂种猪仔猪24头（3～4周龄断奶,保育到8周龄）随机分为3组,即对照组、苦荞Ⅰ组和苦荞Ⅱ组,每组8头。试验结果表明,12％苦荞组能提高外二元猪育肥效果,且对眼肌面积与大理石纹指标也有提高,与对...     

茶多酚的生物学功能及其在养猪生产中的应用

茶多酚是茶叶中主要的生物活性物质，由30多种酚类化合物组成。茶多酚主要有清除体内自由基、抗氧化、提高机体免疫力和除臭味等作用，因此在养猪业中受到越来越多的重视。茶多酚在养猪生产中添加量不超过400mg／kg时可改善猪肉品质，提高猪的免疫力，同时还可以减轻猪舍臭味。     

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Bacterial Food‐Borne Zoonotic Hazards in Slaughter Pigs: A Review

The Hygiene Package and Regulation EC‐2160/2003 require information flow from farm to slaughterhouse to enhance European consumers protection in a ‘farm to fork’ approach. This obligation especially concerns food‐borne zoonotic hazards transmitted to humans through pork consumption, such as thermophilic Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica. Prevalence estimates of these four hazards are affected by the sampling strategy and diagnostic procedure. Individual prevalence estimates for pig carriage (from digestive contents or lymph nodes collected at slaughterhouse) were higher than individual prevalence estimates for pig shedding (from faeces). Among risk factors described in the literature, poor pen cleaning and disinfection after pig departure to slaughterhouse and poor bio‐security measures are of major significance. Moreover, whereas wet feed increases the risk of pig infection by L. monocytogenes, dry feed is a risk factor for Salm. enterica. Mixing batches of pigs, notably in fattening herds, represents a risk for the transmission of Salm. enterica and Y. enterocolitica. Whereas small herds are more infected by thermophilic campylobacters and Y. enterocolitica, higher prevalence of Salmonella is observed in large herds due to a more frequent mixing of batches. Antibiotic treatment during the finishing period increases the risk of transmission of Salm. enterica. The forenamed elements should be taken into account to characterize farms in a risk assessment approach and to improve zoonotic hazard management in the pork food chain.     

猪肉品质的营养调控研究进展

猪肉品质常用肌肉pH、肉色、系水力、肌内脂肪含量等指标进行评定,主要受遗传、营养和饲养、屠宰加工处理等因素影响,其中,营养水平是影响肉品质的关键因素之一。中国在地方品种猪肉品质营养调控方面研究还比较薄弱,有关营养调控的研究尚不深入,对营养物质及营养物质间互作对肉质基因表达的影响研究较少。作者着重阐述了能量、蛋白质与赖氨酸、维生素、矿物元素4个方面对猪肉品质营养调控的研究进展,并对未来如何通过营养调控提高中国地方猪肉品质作以展望。     

Attitudes of European citizens towards pig production systems

The objective of the study is to map citizen attitudes towards pig meat production systems, and to investigate whether these attitudes associate with pork and pork product consumption. A conjoint experiment was carried out with empirical data collected from 1931 individuals in four European countries with higher-than-average per capita meat consumption (Belgium, Denmark, Poland and Germany). The experiment was based on the following pig farming characteristics: herd size, housing and floor type, efforts to reduce the impact of the production system on the environment, animal feed designed for producing pork with specific fat content, and finally the preferred quality characteristics of the pork end-product. The results of the conjoint analysis were used for a subsequent cluster analysis in order to identify European citizen clusters. Respondents' socio-demographic profile, attitudes towards issues that are expected to influence the way people evaluate pig meat production systems, and consumption frequency of various pork products are used as background information to identify segment profiles. Pork appears to play a substantial role as a part of the diet for most respondents in the four countries of this study. The results of the conjoint experiment at the sample level show that people assigned most importance to animal and environmental well-being as criteria to discriminate between “good” and “bad” pig production practices, despite the fact that their attitudes towards environmental protection, animal welfare and industrial food production were only moderately strong. Moreover, the results of the cluster analysis allowed small-sized, clear-cut clusters of citizens to appear, which pay attention to specific pig farming attributes. In conclusion, attitudes towards environment and nature, animal welfare and the need for an environment-friendly food production were indeed related to citizens' specific attitudes towards pig farming at the cluster level. However, the relationship between citizenship and consumption behaviour was found to be weak. What people think in their role as citizens related to pig production did not appear to significantly influence their pork consumption choices.     

兰州市肉与肉制品微生物污染状况的研究

目的：了解兰州市定点屠宰场生猪屠宰加工产品的卫生质量以及肉与肉制品致病菌污染状况。方法：2003-2006年,应用国标法对2个定点生猪屠宰场300份生猪胴体样品进行了菌落总数、大肠菌群和沙门氏菌检验;采用随机采样法对兰州市不同酒店和超市的生猪肉、牛肉、羊肉、禽肉100份,熟肉制品1 200份进行了常见致病菌的检验。结果：生猪胴体体表和肉样沙门氏菌检出率分别为7.5%和14%;生肉检出致病菌阳性20份,总检出率为20%;熟肉制品检出致病菌阳性39份,阳性率为3.25%。生肉中以猪肉致病菌阳性率最高,为20%。结论：兰州市生猪胴体的卫生质量急需提高,屠宰生产加工水平亟待改善。     

云南地方猪品牌发展现状与对策

生猪产业是云南省农业农村经济的支柱产业,也是云南打造世界一流“绿色食品牌”的重点产业,开展地方猪品牌建设意义重大。分析了云南省生猪养殖企业和15家地方猪养殖企业产品品牌建设基本情况,针对云南省地方猪品牌建设中存在的有影响力区域公用品牌缺乏、品牌推广针对性和系统性不强、产品品牌定位不够清晰等问题,提出了品牌定位差异化、产品生产多元化、营销手段花样化、生产品种良种化、生产过程标准化的发展建议,以期为云南省地方猪产业发展和猪肉品牌升级打造提供参考。     

The United States pork niche market phenomenon

After the broad industrialization of the US pork industry, there has been a development of niche markets for export and domestic pork; that is, there is a pork niche market phenomenon. The US pork niche market phenomenon is characterized, and 2 of the major markets are explained in detail. With the Midwest's tradition of a diversified family-based agriculture and record low hog prices of the late 1990s, the conditions were conducive for this phenomenon to develop. Pork niche markets utilize various sales methods including Internet sales, local abattoir sales, direct marketing, farmer networks, and targeting to organized groups. In 2003, there were approximately 35 to 40 active pork niche marketing efforts in Iowa. The Berkshire breed is an example of a swine breed that has had a recent resurgence because of niche markets. Berkshire pork is known for tenderness and excellent quality. Berkshire registrations have increased 4-fold in the last 10 yr. One of the larger niche marketers of "natural pork" is Niman Ranch Pork, which has more than 400 farmer-producers and processes about 2,500 pigs weekly. Many US consumers of pork are interested in issues concerning the environment, food safety, pig welfare, and pig farm ownership and structure. These consumers may be willing to pay more for pork from farmers who are also concerned about these issues. Small- and medium-sized swine farmers are active in pork niche markets. Niche markets claim product differentiation by superior or unique product quality and social attributes. Quality attributes include certain swine breeds, and meat quality, freshness, taste or flavor, and tenderness. Social or credence attributes often are claimed and include freedom from antibiotics and growth promotants; local family farm production; natural, organic, outdoor, or bedded rearing; humane rearing; known origin; environmentally friendly production; and the absence of animal by-products in the feed. Niche pork markets and alternative swine production practices offer an unusual contrast to commodity pork markets and industrial confinement swine production. Because they strive to have these attributes in their product, the niche pork market producers are a distinct clientele group. If niche pork markets continue to flourish, the markets and the producers that supply them will be a viable sector in a diverse US pork industry.