斑尾复鰕虎鱼的成熟与产卵

斑尾复Ｘｉａ虎鱼卵巢发育分为Ⅵ期，在繁殖季节产两次卵，属多次产卵类型。产卵期从２月开始，延续到５月，３月和４月为盛产期。在卵巢第一次成熟时进行人工繁殖，成功的可能性较大。     

长江口及浙江沿海花鲈的繁殖生物学

本文研究了花鲈卵巢的发育，产卵类型，产卵期，繁殖水域及雌雄同体现象等。根据长江口及浙江沿海花鲈卵巢的周年组织学初片，将卵巢划分为ＶＩ期，还有重复发育的ＶＩ－ＩＶ期（或ＩＶ期）和Ｖ期，属分批非同步型产卵类型。在繁殖季节，短期内可以产两次卵，产卵期为１１月至翌年１月，盛产期约为１１月中至１２月中的一个月内。性成熟成龄，雌鱼为ＩＶ龄，雄鱼为ＩＩ龄，有雌雄同体现象。在邻近沿海和长江口盐度较高水域产卵，盐度     

池养鲻的卵巢发育和卵子发生过程

通过卵巢切片的组织学分析揭示，幼鲻在土池养殖3个月后可见线状卵巢，大约5个月后卵原细胞进入第一次成熟分裂前期的双线期转变为早期初级卵母细胞。接着卵母细胞生发泡(核)和胞质体积增加，核质比从3．5：1减少至2：1。此后卵巢中卵母细胞停滞发育持续至养殖的第3年。在第3年卵巢切片看出卵母细胞进入脂肪泡时相，在第3年秋季进入卵黄发生时相。但在人工养殖条件下卵母细胞仅能发育到卵黄发生后期，即卵母细胞胞质充满卵黄颗粒，生发泡居中而不移位。这些结果对于用人工养殖鲻为亲鱼开展人工繁殖提供重要的科学依据。并讨论了卵子发生6个时相的生物学特点及其重要的细胞器在卵黄发生中可能的生理作用。     

鲂成熟卵巢发育的组织学观察

通过组织学观察，论述了鲂卵巢发育各时相卵母细胞的演化规律及周年变化特点。鲂卵巢发育属分批同步型，在天然水域中属一次产卵类型     

大眼鳜鱼（Siniperca kneri）卵巢发育的组织学研究

本文根据247尾大眼鳜鱼周年性腺材料，对卵巢发育中各个时期卵母细胞的形态特征和卵巢发育周期以及产卵类型等进行了组织学研究。指出大眼鳜鱼卵巢中各卵母细胞发育为非同步性，在一个生殖周期中至少有两次成熟期，属于分期分批产卵类型，     

长吻鮠性周期变化的组织学研究

对不同时期性成熟的野生长吻鮠性腺的切片进行观察,结果表明:长吻鮠性腺发育呈全年周期性变化,卵巢发育可明显区分Ⅱ～Ⅵ期,以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬,月卵巢系数在0.72%～4.65%变动,繁殖季节为5～7月,属一次产卵类型;长吻鮠精巢呈高度分支指状,性腺指数较小,在整个发育过程中外观没有明显的变化,精巢中周年存在精子,具有一个不含精子的尾区。     

饥饿对中华绒螯蟹卵巢快速发育阶段的脂类与肝胰腺脂类的影响

在中华绒螯蟹卵巢快速发育阶段（9-12月初），经三个月饥饿后，卵巢指数从平均3．23增加到8．19，卵巢总脂含量略有增加，绝对脂肪含量每只蟹从开始的191mg增加到513mg。但饥饿后的卵巢与正常的成熟卵巢指数及脂肪含量相比，显著降低，这说明饥饿较大影响了卵巢的正常发育和成熟；肝胰腺指数从5．85～7．48降为0．75～4．13，其绝对含量也显著降低，每只蟹平均降低1270mg，大大高于卵巢在饥饿时增加积累的脂肪，说明肝胰腺的脂肪除了转运到发育的卵巢中去以外，大部分脂肪应作为能量被消耗。饥饿期间卵巢对来源于肝胰腺长链多不饱和脂肪酸，尤其C20：5和C20：4优先选择利用，暗示这些脂肪酸是卵巢发育必需的脂肪酸，但对来源于肝胰腺的C18：3利用最低，显示C18：3不是卵巢发育的必需脂肪酸。     

海鳗性腺形态和发育的研究

本文对海鳗性腺的形态与组织结构及发育周年变化进行了研究。海鳗卵巢由许多紧密排列的卵巢叶片构成,精巢则由许多精巢叶片构成。整条卵巢或精巢的外部无被膜包裹。组织学表明,卵巢在５月下旬后陆续发育成熟,精巢在４月正旬陆续发育成熟。５月下旬进入繁殖期,６月－７月为繁殖盛期。随后产过卵的个体进入恢复期并重新发育。组织学与扫描电镜观察显示,海鳗的精子头部呈镰刀形,有一定较短的尾部     

栉江珧的繁殖生物学

根据１９９４￣１９９８年采集的８５１个样品研究,结果表明：山东北部近海栉江珧卵巢成熟度依据外部形态观察、切片镜检、卵子结构分析、卵径测量和成熟系数计算等分为Ⅰ￣Ⅵ期。生殖腺周年内成熟一次,并存在形成、增殖、成熟和休止４个阶段。产卵期６￣８月,盛期在７月上旬￣８月中旬,性成熟年龄１龄,性比５３．５０：４６．５０,个体繁殖力１７３．１０￣５３８１．５９万粒,单位卵巢重繁殖力２８４．４１万粒／ｇ。     

东海鳓卵巢发育的组织学观察

于光镜于对东海鳓卵巢切片作了组织学观察，结果表明，5月－7月为东海鳓的繁殖期，其卵巢在Ⅳ期、Ⅴ期、Ⅵ－Ⅳ‘期和Ⅴ‘期，8月－9月鳓卵巢处在产后休整阶段；10月－翌年2月为越冬Ⅱ期卵巢；3月－4月卵巢处在产前发育阶段，在小生长期，卵核的体积较核质的体积增大快，核质比大，大小长期，随着卵黄物质的积累，卵母细胞体积快速增加, 比下降。在鳓卵母细胞发育中，曾见有两层卵膜结构，但接近成熟的卵母仅有一层卵膜。东海鳓的产卵方式为短期分批产卵类型。在一个生殖周期内，一般产卵2次。     

Maturation and reproductive cycle of female armorhead <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopentaceros wheeleri</Emphasis> from the southern Emperor—northern Hawaiian Ridge Seamounts

ABSTRACT:   The stage of ovarian development and annual reproductive cycle of female armorhead Pseudopentaceros wheeleri collected from seamounts of the southern Emperor–northern Hawaiian Ridge in 1993 and 1995–1996 was investigated through use of the gonadal somatic index ( GSI ) and ovarian histology. The stages of oocyte development were classified into eight developmental stages (perinucleolus, cortical alveolus, oil droplet, early yolk globule, late yolk globule, migratory nucleolus, prematuration, and maturation) based on histological characteristics. Oocytes of different size and developmental stage were present within ovaries during the spawning season. Oocyte development appears to be asynchronous and armorhead apparently spawn several times during the spawning season. The stage of the most developed oocyte was used to classify the stage of ovarian maturation. The GSI increased gradually with ovarian development. Oocytes in the perinucleolus, cortical alveolus, and oil droplet stages were present in ovaries throughout the year. Early and late yolk globule stages appeared during August–September indicating that yolk formation begins during late summer. The migratory nucleolus through maturation stages were detected during November–January. Post ovulatory follicles were present during November–March, and GSI values rapidly decreased in February. Results indicate that spawning occurs during November–February and peaks during December–January.     

Reproductive cycle,sexual maturity and diel-reproductive periodicity of white croaker,Pennahia argentata (Sciaenidae), in Ariake Sound,Japan

The white croaker, Pennahia argentata (Houttuyn), is abundant in demersal fish assemblages in Ariake Sound and is a commercially important species. The reproductive biology of white croaker was studied by measurement of gonadosomatic indices (GSI) and histological examination of ovaries. Ovaries were classified into one of five maturity stages based on histological data: (1) immature/resting stage; (2) developing stage; (3) maturing stage; (4) ripe/spawning stage; (5) spent stage. The spawning season lasts from April to September but most activity is observed from May to August. Age at sexual maturity was assumed to be 1 year. Postovulatory follicles coexisted with yolk stage oocytes in histological sections of ovaries indicating that white croaker is a multiple spawner, spawning more than once in a single spawning season. Judging from the diel changes in the proportion of females with ovaries containing postovulatory follicles and oocytes at maturation stage, most females spawned in the evening between 19:00 and 21:30 h.     

Seasonal Changes in the Milt Quality of Waigieu Seaperch,Psammoperca waigiensis: Implications for Artificial Propagation

Milt quality of Waigieu seaperch was sampled at the beginning, the middle, and the end of the spawning season to assess if the sampling season has an effect on milt quality parameters. The milt volume and total sperm production were higher at the middle of the spawning season while the sperm concentration in milt was significantly higher at the beginning and the end of the spawning season. Sperm morphology and the major parameters of seminal plasma (pH, total protein, Mg²⁺, or Ca²⁺ concentrations) did not differ throughout the spawning season. The concentrations of Na⁺ and the osmolality increased throughout the spawning season. The percentage of motile cells did not differ during the spawning season while the duration of sperm motility (swimming duration) and velocity (swimming speed) were significantly different during the spawning season. The fertilization rate (75.7 ± 6.8%) and hatching rate (56.5 ± 3.1%) at the middle of the spawning season were higher than at the beginning and end periods. Results indicated that milt quality parameters and fertility success in the middle of the spawning season were higher compared to earlier and later sampling dates. Thus, we recommend collecting milt during this time for maximal fertilization and hatching success.     

Conservation of spawning time between years in lumpfish Cyclopterus lumpus and potential impacts from the temporal distribution of fishing effort

Lumpfish, Cyclopterus lumpus L., has an extended ovary development period and a relatively long spawning season. It therefore seems unlikely that individuals spawning later in the season would be able to recover from spawning and develop their gonads in time to spawn during the early part of the season the following year. The hypothesis that individuals spawning early or late in a spawning season would spawn early or late the following year was tested using fish tagged in Iceland between 2008 and 2017. The tagging date and recapture date the following year were positively correlated with an average of 356 days at large (DAL). Fish sampled from the fishery indicate that tagging/recapture date gives an indication of spawning time. From this, it was concluded that spawning time in the current year can be used to predict spawning time the following year. As fishing effort was greatest at the end of April/beginning of May, it seems likely that fish that come to spawn at this time will be subject to a higher fishing mortality. Therefore, they will be less likely to spawn successfully than fish spawning earlier or later in the year. If spawning time is under genetic control, then this could have consequences for the spawning phenology of lumpfish.     

A histological study of gametogenesis in captive red snapper Lutjanus campechanus

Gametogenesis was monitored histologically in wild‐caught red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus, Poey) maintained in captivity under simulated natural photothermal conditions. Gonads were collected every 2–3 weeks (average n = 14) for histology during the pre‐spawning season (February to May, temperature increasing from 16°C to 24°C). Primary vitellogenic oocytes were first observed in one female when temperature reached 20°C. Subsequent samples revealed females in pre‐vitellogenesis or at early stages of vitellogenesis, although one female had tertiary vitellogenic (Vtg3) oocytes. The first histological signs of spermatogenesis were observed when temperature reached 17°C. Spermatozoa were observed in testicular lobules of all males sampled on 14 May (24°C) but little or no sperm was released during manual stripping. Ten males and 10 females were left in tanks and monitored for spawning. No egg release was observed during the monitoring period that encompassed the natural spawning season of wild red snapper. Ovarian biopsies taken during the late spawning season (16 July) revealed that four of eight sampled females had Vtg3 oocytes. Males were manually stripped but released no sperm. These results indicate that captive red snapper can complete gametogenesis in photothermal controlled systems. Additional research is needed to develop procedures that will achieve reliable maturation and spawning.     

Characterizing the potential habitat of European anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus in the Mediterranean Sea,at different life stages

Identification of the potential habitat of European anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) at different life stages in relation to environmental conditions is an interesting subject from both ecological and management points of view. For this purpose, acoustic data from different seasons and different parts of the Mediterranean Sea along with satellite environmental and bathymetry data were modelled using generalized additive models. Similarly, egg distribution data from summer ichthyoplankton surveys were used to model potential spawning habitat. Selected models were used to produce maps presenting the probability of anchovy presence (adults, juveniles and eggs) in the entire Mediterranean basin, as a measure of habitat adequacy. Bottom depth and sea surface chlorophyll concentration were the variables found important in all models. Potential anchovy habitats were located over the continental shelf for all life stages examined. An expansion of the potential habitat from the peak spawning (early summer) to the late spawning season (early autumn) was observed. However, the most suitable areas for the presence of anchovy spawners seem to maintain the same size between seasons. Potential juvenile habitats were associated with highly productive inshore waters, being less extended and closer to coast during winter than late autumn. Potential spawning habitat in June and July based on ichthyoplankton surveys overlapped but were wider in extent compared with adult potential habitat from acoustics in the same season. Similarities and dissimilarities between the anchovy habitats as well as comparisons with sardine habitats in the oligotrophic Mediterranean Sea and other ecosystems with higher productivity are discussed.     

Reproductive biology of white mullet,Mugil curema (Valenciennes) in the Southern Caribbean

Gonadal development and spawning of white mullet, Mugil curema in the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad, West Indies, was investigated using both macroscopic and histological techniques. M. curema is a multiple batch spawner with a protracted spawning season from November to July. Gonadal development is annual and each female appears to spawn at least twice per year. The prolonged spawning season may thus be an indication of the lack of population synchrony rather than prolonged spawning by a single individual. Peak-spawning activity occurs in June/July and it is hypothesized that it is in response to the start of the rainy season. Oocyte development is group synchronous and development of oocytes in the leading clutch is isochronal.     

细鳞鲴卵巢发育的组织学观察

采用组织学方法对细鳞鲴卵巢周年变化和卵母细胞发育进行了观察研究。结果表明,细鳞鲴卵巢发育分为6个时期,卵母细胞发育分5个时相,从第Ⅲ时相卵母细胞开始表现出种的特异性。3月卵巢处于产前发育阶段,4-7月为繁殖期,5-6月为繁殖盛期,8月卵巢基本修整完毕,9-10月为Ⅱ′期发育,11月至翌年2月以Ⅲ期卵巢越冬。细鳞鲴的产卵方式为短期分批同步产卵类型,在一个生殖周期内一般产卵2~3次。     

长江中游贝氏(鳖)繁殖生物学研究

2016年4-12月在监利长江何王庙故道采集591尾样本,对长江中游贝氏(鳖)(Hemiculter bleekeri)性比、初次性成熟大小、繁殖季节、产卵类型、产卵群体组成及繁殖力等繁殖生物学指标进行了分析.结果显示:贝氏(鳖)总体雌雄性比1.44:1,与1:1存在极显著性差异;繁殖期间雌雄比2.5:1,非繁殖季节雌雄比为0.91:1.繁殖群体年龄结构为1-3龄,以1龄补充群体为主,属于第Ⅱ类型.初次性成熟体长:SL♀50=8.08 cm, SL♂50=8.47 cm,最小观测性成熟个体分别为:雌性7.5 cm,体重6.65 g, 1龄;雄性8.2 cm,体重8.13 g, 1龄.根据成熟系数变化和性腺发育期观察,推测其繁殖季节为4-6月,可能延至7月份.贝氏(鳖)绝对繁殖力为1703~9601粒/尾,平均为(5876.6 ± 1837.8) 粒/尾,与体重、性腺重均呈线性关系,与体长呈幂函数关系.相对繁殖力(FW)为204.7~406.5粒/g,平均(322.3 ± 49.7) 粒/g,与成熟系数呈幂函数相关;相对繁殖力(FL)为212.0~827.6粒/cm,平均(552.4 ± 136.1) 粒/cm,与体重幂函数相关.     

Histological observations of seasonal reproductive and lunar-related spawning cycles in the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra in Okinawan waters

Seasonal reproductive and lunar-related spawning cycles of the female honeycomb grouper Epinephelus merra inhabiting Okinawan waters were examined by histological observation of ovaries. Gonadosomatic index (GSI) increased beginning in May and peaked in June. Histological observations revealed that many oocytes laden with yolk were present in the ovaries from May to August. From September to October, ovaries were occupied by immature oocytes. These results suggest that the reproductive season of E.   merra lasts for 4 months from May through August in Okinawan waters. When the fish were collected according to the lunar cycle, GSI increased with the approach of the full moon. Oocytes at various development stages were observed from the first quarter to the full moon. Fresh ovulatory follicles were present in the ovaries around the last quarter moon. These results suggest that E.   merra has a lunar spawning cycle and spawns between the full moon and the last quarter moon. Ovarian features of the fish collected around the last quarter moon were different among individuals; some fish had many oocytes at the tertiary yolk stage in the ovaries, while the ovaries of the others were occupied by the oocytes at the peri-nucleolus and the oil droplet stages. This observation suggests that a minor release of eggs occurs in this species before or after a major spawning lunar day. Oocytes at the migratory nucleus and the maturation stages were not observed in any ovarian samples. This may mean that maturation of oocytes is related to the spawning behavior of this species and makes rapid progress in the process of aggregation at the spawning sites.