γ射线辐照及保藏温度对米糕保质效果研究

为了研究辐照处理结合保藏温度对米糕保藏效果的影响,采用4,6,8,10 kGy剂量辐照米糕,在-18,4℃和常温环境中保藏,对其贮藏期内霉菌斑出现时间、气味感官评价、硬度及色度进行测定。结果表明,辐照处理对米糕中的霉菌生长起到了抑制作用,且10 kGy辐照处理完全杀灭了米糕样品中的霉菌;温度升高会加速米糕的老化程度,10 kGy辐照处理结合4℃环境可以改善米糕的老化程度,同时可以保持米糕特有的气味;10 kGy辐照处理对米糕色度影响最小。由此可知,米糕辐照综合保质的最优条件是10 kGy辐照处理结合4℃贮藏环境。     

60Co-γ射线辐照处理对毛竹防霉性能和尺寸稳定性的影响

摘要：通过不同剂量{0kGy（CK）、0.2kGy、0.3kGy、0.5kGy、1kGy、3kGy、5kGy、10kGy、100kGy、200kGy}辐照处理毛竹,研究其对毛竹防霉性能的影响。结果表明：（1）毛竹经3kGy辐照后刷桐油处理的防霉效果较好,防治效力达到60.16%;（2）辐照处理毛竹的密度,干缩率等与对照相比无显著影响。     

电子束辐照对西瓜种子萌发的影响

以西瓜种子为材料,研究了电子束辐照对西瓜种子萌发的影响。结果表明,辐照电压200 KeV下,剂量超过30 kGy时降低了8424西瓜种子发芽势和发芽率,其中辐照剂量55 kGy和60 kGy的处理的发芽势与对照差异达到显著水平,辐照结合引发处理可以缓解辐照处理对种子负面效应;辐照电压100 KeV下,剂量为25 kGy的处理显著提高了美都、雷晓、黑津西瓜种子根长和芽长。说明合适的辐照电压和剂量可以促进西瓜种子萌发,不适合的辐照电压和剂量会延迟西瓜种子萌发,辐照后再进行引发处理可以缓解种子发芽延迟现象。     

电子束辐照对储藏期间三文鱼鲜度的影响

为探究电子束辐照技术对三文鱼保鲜效果的影响,以新鲜三文鱼为原料,经不同低剂量（0~4 kGy）电子束辐照结合真空包装处理,研究4 ℃储藏条件下三文鱼的鲜度变化情况。以微生物菌落总数（Total bacterial counts, TBC）、挥发性盐基氮（Total volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N）含量及鲜度值（K值）为指标,并结合感官评价（Sensory assessment, SA）对三文鱼的鲜度进行综合评定,同时对各鲜度指标进行了相关性分析。结果表明,辐照剂量越高,杀菌效果越好;电子束处理后的三文鱼K值和TVB-N含量随贮藏时间的延长均呈现不同程度的增加,且冷藏期内其K值、TVB-N含量的上升速度均低于对照组;低剂量辐照对三文鱼感官品质影响不明显,其中经2、4 kGy辐照处理的三文鱼虽有一定的保鲜效果,但同时伴有色泽变淡,轻微辐照异味产生的现象。综合考虑,电子束辐照处理三文鱼的最佳辐照剂量为1 kGy,相应的货架期可达到12 d,与对照组相比,延长了6 d左右。同时三文鱼的K值与菌落总数、感官评分均具有极显著的相关性（P＜0.01）。     

米糕的加工工艺与辐照保质研究

通过加速器辐照不同剂量处理米糕,检测菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌和感官品质。研究表明,在4℃恒温贮藏过程中,对照组米糕初始菌落总数为7.0×10 CFU/g,大肠菌群、霉菌均未检测出,在贮藏1个月后对照组米糕霉菌超标,在贮藏2个月后对照组胀袋已坏;4,8 kGy辐照组,在0~6个月内,除4 kGy辐照组在贮藏6个月时,菌落总数为3.4×10 CFU/g,其他菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌均未检测出,感官品质均为可接受,数据可为淮扬点心工业化保质提供参考。     

不同剂量电子束辐照对鲈鱼半成品灭菌及

为探讨电子束灭菌技术应用于鱼类加工半成品的最佳剂量,采用0~8.56 kGy辐照剂量对鲈鱼半成品进行灭菌,分析不同剂量电子束辐照对鲈鱼半成品菌落总数、pH、持水性、色度值、剪切力和挥发性成分的影响。结果表明,随辐照剂量的增加,杀菌效果增强;辐照剂量为3.70~4.41 kGy时菌落总数即可降至≤10 CFU·g-1;辐照剂量在2.45~7.24 kGy范围内能控制鲈鱼半成品pH的下降;辐照剂量高于8.56 kGy时,辐照对鱼肉持水力和剪切力无显著影响;辐照剂量低于6.64 kGy时,对鲈鱼半成品色泽的影响较小;与6.64 kGy相比,低剂量（3.33 kGy）辐照处理有利于减少烷类、烯类挥发性成分的产生。综上所述,电子束辐照剂量在4.00 kGy左右时,可达到灭菌目的,并有效控制鱼肉色度、pH和持水性,最大限度地保持产品原有风味和品质。     

辐照处理对马铃薯粉降解作用的研究

为探明辐照对马铃薯粉的降解作用,采用不同剂量60Co-γ射线对其进行处理。结果表明,马铃薯粉经50~400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,颗粒形貌没有发生改变,但在冷水中的溶解度大大增加,其中经400 kGy剂量辐照处理后,溶解度达61%。辐照的直接糖化效率随处理剂量的加大而增加,其中以400 kGy剂量处理的最明显,糖化值（DE值）达5.1%。辐照处理的降解产物以麦芽糖和葡萄糖为主。试验证明60Co-γ射线能有效降解马铃薯粉,并可产生可发酵性糖。     

高能电子束辐照处理对几种进口水果表皮色泽的影响

以泰国青芒果(honeys)、澳大利亚红芒果(R2E2)和台湾二林种杨桃为试材,研究电子束辐照处理对果实表皮色泽的影响,为电子束辐照检疫进口水果提供参考依据。结果表明,三种水果经0.43、0.85、1.26、1.68 kGy剂量的电子束辐照后立即观测,未发现肉眼可见的色泽变化,但总色差计算分析表明,辐照处理可导致果实产生色差,其中以0.43 kGy处理的色差最小,1.68 kGy处理的最大。货架条件(15~25℃)存放7 d后,不同辐照剂量处理的果皮色泽表现出明显的差异,果皮出现褐变,且剂量越大,褐变指数越高,其中泰国青芒果的后熟黄化受到抑制。因此,建议台湾二林种杨桃的适宜辐照剂量应在0.43 kGy以下,泰国青芒果和澳大利亚红芒果的适宜辐照剂量应在0.85 kGy以下。统计分析色泽参数(L*、a*、b*)与辐照剂量的相关性发现,三种水果果皮的红/绿轴参数a*与辐照剂量存在显著相关,在评价辐照果实色泽中具有重要意义。     

绿茶工艺加工山苦茶的研究

采用绿茶工艺加工山苦茶,经真空包装2 kGy剂量辐照杀菌,与当地百姓采摘后直接晒干的山苦茶相比较,水浸出物、茶多酚、蛋白质、可溶性糖含量均增加,咖啡碱含量降低;卫生指标经检验符合国标,产品汤色黄绿明亮,滋味醇厚回甘,清香怡人。     

辐照对烤鳗制品中药物残留的影响

为实现科学安全的降解烤鳗药物残留,本研究采用60Co-γ射线对烤鳗进行处理,分别设置辐照剂量为0kGy、1kGy、3kGy、5kGy、7kGy、9kGy,考察辐照剂量对烤鳗制品中四种氟喹诺酮类和隐色结晶紫残留量的影响。结果表明：辐照对四种氟喹诺酮类和隐色结晶紫均有降解效果,当辐照剂量5kGy时,影响达显著水平,此时,氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、恩诺沙星、双氟沙星及隐色结晶紫的降解率分别为37.89%、41.77%、41.76%、57.34%、32.89%。随辐照剂量的增大,其降解率也增大。     

Effect of Reinforced-Concrete Deterioration on Structures

s:It is proposed that the research of the structural durability is necessary considering the structural damages under the effect of deterioration of reinforced concrete. The most common reasons, which cause the deterioration of structures in China, are reinforcement corrosion and freeze thaw cycles of concrete. Based on the summarizing of research works of the effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structures, it is indicated that the structural durability research should be carried out either in view of material science or that of structural science, and should be also considered the interaction of several factors with uncertain nature instead of the determined individual factor analysis. The structural durability of serviceable should be paid much more attention while researching the durability of structural capacity. The effect of reinforced concrete deterioration on structural capacity, rigidity and durability should be researched henceforth.     

Construction and Application of DBMS About Concrete Durability

Factors affecting concrete durability are various and complex. And the number of parameters that characterize the status of durability is large. It's not easy to eliminate error from numerous data and find out the internal law among them. However, it's convenient for one database management system to manage and dispose of data so as to evaluate and forecast concrete durability. This paper briefly discusses the virtues of the object-oriented programming-VB6.0 for database and factors resulting in damage of concrete durability, introduces carefully the structure and function of DurDBMS. At the end of the paper, an instance is set up to transact carbonate and the result reveals that the error of prediction meets with request of experiment, quantitative analysis accords with that of qualitative.     

Summarization of Current Research on Application of Durability of Structures

This paper summarized the recent research results about the durability of structures, introduced their current application in durability design, appraisal, estimation of rest life and strategy of maintenance and strengthening as well as in other fields.     

Study on Resistance to Chemical Attack ofHigh Performance Concrete

The durability of concrete is always a problem of great importance while the high performance concrete raise higher requirement for durability. The authors of this paper carried out a study on resistance to chemical attack of the high performance concrete prepared with Portland cement, silica fume and superplasticizer ,which has proved that the high performance concrete offers excellent resistance to chemical attack.     

检验用砻谷机研制报告

在"十五"科技攻关计划项目<新型检验用砻谷机、碾米机及便携式米质判定仪开发>课题研究中,成功地解决了实验室检验用砻谷机在稻谷脱壳后谷糙分离效果和易损件的耐用性等关键性问题;设计出科学合理的糙米分离系统,筛选出弹性和硬度均适宜的新型耐磨材料作砻谷机的胶辊材料,从而大大提高了产品易损件的耐用性和稻谷的一次性脱壳率,降低了脱壳过程中产生的糙米破碎率.检验用砻谷机,具有小型轻便、结构简单、噪音小、操作方便、经久耐用等特点,适用于各级实验室的稻谷品质检验.     

Durability of resistance against potato cyst nematodes

A requirement for evaluating the effectiveness of major resistance genes (R-genes) is detailed knowledge of the genetic variability of the nematode populations in an area. Obtaining insight in the genetic variation in an area is a tour de force, because qualitative data are not sufficient allele frequency data at well studied loci are required. Another important step in predicting the durability of major R-genes is to study the parasite at the molecular level. Also for nematodes it seems that R-genes are part of a molecular surveillance system recognising foreign molecules. For potato cyst nematodes it is becoming clear that numerous proteins are secreted to manipulate the host plant and it may be assumed that some of these secretory proteins are also recognised by the host. Knowledge of the molecular nature and function of these avirulence gene products may reveal clues to predict the durability of an R-gene. R-genes that recognise avirulence gene products that have a crucial function in the nematode maybe very durable. When the current molecular models for gene-for-gene interactions are correct, the durability of an R-gene may be predicted by studying the dispensability factor and functional constraints of the avirulence gene products. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Investigation on Hydration_Hardening Mechanism ofModified Alumina Cement

The modified alumina cement is a low alkaline cement with good durability.By means of atomic absorb spectrum,as well as the results of macro_experiment,the mechanism of hydration,hardening and modification principle are studied.     

Continuous Rigid Frame Beam Construction Crack Prevention and Control Methods

Mass concrete structures exist inevitable cracks because of the effect of internal and external factors, and cracks in concrete structures is the main reason that bearing ability, durability and waterproof reduce. Concrete crack is mainly divided into pla     

Influence of Welding Parameters on Morphologyand Alloys' Transition of Weld Deposits

The quantity of alloys and the quality of weld layers are main factors influencing the chemical ingredient,microstructure and durability of hardfacing deposits,they also directly affect components' service life and alloys' utilization ratio.In this paper,these factors and control measures are analyzed.     

THE RELATIONS BETWEEN THE HYDRATES AND PROPERTIES OF LIME-SAND MATERIALS

This paper summarized the previous research results of the physical-mechanical properties of the hydrated calcium silicate crystals and the relations between the hydrates and mechanical properties and durability of lime-sand materials. The key topicals of the relations between the hydrates and properties of lime-sand materials are discussed.