星星草和朝鲜碱茅组织培养体系的建立

分别以星星草和朝鲜碱茅成熟胚为外植体,建立组织培养体系.结果表明,星星草和朝鲜碱茅成熟胚在MS+300mg/L CH+4.0mg/L 2,4-D +3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)培养基上,愈伤组织诱导率可分别达到53.3%和46.7%.经MS+300mg/LCH+1.0mg/L 2,4-D +3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)继代培养基中继代培养后,星星草和朝鲜碱茅胚性愈伤组织在MS+300mg/L CH+1.0mg/L 2,4-D+0.3 mg/L 6-BA +3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(pH5.8)分化培养基上,分化率分别达到了82.5%和75.7%.两种牧草再生苗生根移栽后成活率均可达到95%以上.     

黄花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导及分化培养条件的研究

以黄花苜蓿子叶和下胚轴为外植体,研究不同激素配比对黄花苜蓿愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响,结果表明:MS+2,4-D 2mg/L+6-BA0.5mg/L+蔗糖3％+琼脂0.7％为适宜的愈伤组织诱导培养基;MS+ KT0.5mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖2％+琼脂o.7％为适宜的分化培养基;生根培养基为:1/2MS+ NAA 0.1mg/L+蔗糖2％+琼脂0.7％.下胚轴是诱导愈伤及分化的最佳外植体,诱导率可达100％,分化率可达80％.     

披碱草×野大麦杂种F_1幼穗培养再生体系的建立

以披碱草×野大麦杂种F_1幼穗为外植体,诱导出胚性愈伤组织,建立了植株再生体系,对影响愈伤组织诱导、分化、生根的基本培养基、激素种类及质量浓度等进行筛选。结果表明:愈伤组织诱导以MS为基本培养基+3mg/L 2,4-D较好;外植体在MS+3mg/L 2,4-D+30g/L蔗糖+7g/L琼脂的诱导培养基上经过20d培养,小穗愈伤组织诱导率达28.3%;愈伤组织的分化培养基为MS+1mg/L 6-BA+1mg/L NAA+30g/L蔗糖+7g/L琼脂,愈伤组织分化率达78%;生根培养基以1/2MS+0.5mg/L IBA+0.5mg/L NAA+蔗糖+7g/L琼脂为最佳,生根率可达86.7%,移栽后成活率可达100%。     

多年生黑麦草组织培养与植株再生研究

对多年生黑麦草种子为外植体的植株再生过程进行系统研究,结果表明,在改良的MS培养基(MSM),以MS无机盐+9.9mg/L维生素B₁+9.5mg/L维生素B₆+4.5mg/L尼克酸+1mg/LCH+30g/L蔗糖+琼脂8g/L为基本成分,附加5mg/L2,4-D和0.05mg/LKT时,适合种子的愈伤组织诱导;继代培养基附加2mg/L2,4-D和0.1mg/LKT;分化培养基附加1mg/L2,4-D和1mg/LKT;生根培养基为无激素的MS培养基。完成植株再生约需12周,愈伤组织分化率为70%。     

草地早熟禾午夜2号植株再生研究

以草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis L.)品种午夜2号成熟种子为外植体,进行植株再生研究,建立高频再生体系,为草地早熟禾进行原生质体培养和细胞融合奠定基础。结果表明:诱导愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS+2,4-D(1mg/L)+6-BA(0.1 mg/L)+3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂,其诱导率为52.3%;最佳继代培养基为MS+2,4-D(1mg/L)+6-BA(0.3mg/L)+3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂;最佳分化培养基为MS+NAA(0.5 mg/L)+6-BA(1 mg/L)+3%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂、分化率为57.5%;生根培养基同分化培养基,供体材料经100d的培养后获得再生植株。     

苜蓿雄性不育系花药愈伤形成及分化培养条件的研究

以苜蓿雄性不育株系及其可育株系的花药为外植体,研究取材时间和不同激素配比对其愈伤组织诱导及分化的影响。结果表明,雄性不育株系花药培养时,以现蕾初期取材、MS为基本培养基的条件下出愈率较理想。愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为:MS+0.5mg/L 2,4-D+0.25mg/L 6-BA+0.2mg/L NAA+3mg/L KT+3%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(出愈率66.7%);不育与可育植株花药愈伤适宜的分化培养基分别为:MS+1mg/L KT+0.2mg/L NAA+2%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(分化率75%)和MS+4mg/L KT+0.2mg/L NAA+2%蔗糖+0.7%琼脂(分化率79%)。     

黑麦冬牧70幼穗和未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

将黑麦冬牧70幼穗切段和未成熟胚接种在附加不同激素浓度的改良MS培养基上培养,获得了能多次继代培养的愈伤组织,后者在分化培养基上再生植株.2,4-D和6-BA浓度明显影响愈伤组织质量和诱导率,幼嫩幼穗和较小的未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导率高.幼穗切段在改良MS 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D 200 mg/L谷氨酰胺的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,质量较好;未成熟胚在改良MS 2.0 mg/L 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L 6-BA 200 mg/L谷氨酰胺的培养基上愈伤组织诱导率最高,质量最好.继代培养后的愈伤组织转移到附加200 mg/L谷氨酰胺、1.0 mg/L 2,4-D和0.1 mg/L TDZ的培养基上可分化出大量小芽.该体系可用于黑麦冬牧70遗传转化和细胞工程育种研究.     

植物激素对2个紫花苜蓿品种再生体系的影响

采用MS为基本培养基,附加不同浓度的2,4-D、KT和NAA,对"盛世"和"甘农4号"2个紫花苜蓿品种进行了组织培养再生体系的研究。结果表明:下胚轴是愈伤组织诱导的最佳外植体材料;2,4-D浓度增加对"甘农4号"紫花苜蓿出愈率影响不明显,但"盛世"紫花苜蓿的出愈率随着2,4-D浓度的增加呈显著升高趋势;2个品种的最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.3 mg/L KT+30g/L蔗糖+7.5 g/L琼脂;最适分化培养基为MS+KT0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+蔗糖20 g/L;最佳诱导生根的培养基为1/2 MS+NAA0.5 mg/L。     

披碱草×野大麦F1代愈伤组织诱导研究

以披碱草×野大麦杂种F1幼穗为外植体,设置不同的激素浓度,获得适宜的诱导培养基,并选用长度不同的幼穗为外植体,确定出较为合适的外植体长度。愈伤组织经过多次继代后,细胞生长缓慢,通过更换培养基使其恢复生长。实验结果表明,最适培养条件为:以长为2-3cm幼穗为外植体,MS+3mg/L2,4-D为诱导培养基。MS+2,4-D 3mg/L+KT 0.5mg/L+CH 300mg/L与MS+2,4-D 4mg/L均可改善经过长期继代生长质量较差的愈伤组织的生长情况。     

岷山红三叶愈伤组织诱导和植株再生研究

通过对岷山红三叶下胚轴和子叶再生体系建立的研究,获得愈伤组织诱导的最佳培养基为:MS+2 mg/L 2,4-D+0.5 mg/L6-BA+2%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,胚性愈伤组织诱导培养基为:MS+0.1 mg/L IAA+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+2%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,芽诱导培养基为:B5+0.06 mg/L NAA+2%蔗糖+0.6%琼脂,每瓶可以长出2~10条茎,将茎转入生根培养基后愈伤继代可持续出芽。最佳的生根培养基为:1/2 MS+0.05mg/LNAA+1.5%蔗糖+0.8%琼脂。建立再生植株约需160 d。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.