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肥胖症的发病率正以惊人的速度在全球蔓延,警示着如2型糖尿病和代谢综合征等一类营养相关疾病的增加。一系列流行病学、临床学试验研究表明,胎儿和新生儿的营养环境与成年人体脂肪组织数量和分布间存在相关性。动物研究表明,机体在生命早期的营养供应和内分泌模式与成年后罹患肥胖和高血压的风险增加有关。此外,人们还日益认识到生命早期营养环境对机体神经内分泌系统发育所造成的影响是这些疾病发生的可能原因。论文阐述了动物出生前营养状况对能量平衡调节相关的内分泌和神经内分泌系统的潜在影响,强调了脂源性激素leptin的作用,重点论述了生命早期"脂-脑"轴形成过程中导致动物脂肪沉积的程序化发生的引发机制。 相似文献
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脂肪的过度沉积常伴随着胰岛素抵抗、Ⅱ型糖尿病等代谢病症,既危害人类健康,带来经济负担,也会在农业生产中影响畜牧产品的质量。脂肪的沉积,始于胚胎期脂肪组织的发育,是一系列程序化作用的结果。脂肪沉积受多方因素影响,营养干预可以通过胚胎环境中的糖皮质激素浓度、线粒体功能、表观遗传、食欲中枢发育等方面影响胚胎脂肪沉积程序化。论文阐述了动物出生前后营养状况对脂肪沉积程序化的作用,对脂肪沉积的机制进行了初步探讨,并介绍了精氨酸营养在脂肪沉积中的应用。饮食中添加精氨酸为治疗脂肪过度沉积,提高畜牧生产水平,改善人类生活质量,开拓了新的思路。 相似文献
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胆碱的瘤胃代谢及其在奶牛营养上的作用(综述) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
胆碱的瘤胃代谢及其在奶牛营养上的作用(综述)吴跃明(浙江农业大学动物科学学院杭州310029)前言胆碱对于许多动物都是必需的养分,包括猪、鸡以及反刍前的羔羊和犊牛。在猪和鸡的日粮中添加氯化胆碱的增产效果,国内外已有较多的研究报导;对于反刍前犊牛,Jo... 相似文献
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水产动物的胆碱营养 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
胆碱最早从动物胆汁中分离得到 ,故又名胆素。人们习惯上将胆碱划为B族维生素 ,有VB4 之称 ,但胆碱与其他的B族维生素不同 ,并不以辅酶或酶的形式参与机体代谢 ,而且其需要量远高于其他B族维生素 ,是其他B族维生素需要量的数 10倍至数10 0倍 ,故也有人主张不宜将其列为维生素。1 胆碱的性质与功能胆碱 (三甲基乙醇胺 )的分子式为 (CH3) 3N(CH2 ) 2 OH ,为无色、黏滞、微带鱼腥味的强碱性液体 ,吸湿性很强 ,可与酸反映生成稳定的结晶盐。胆碱溶于水、甲醛、甲醇和乙醇 ;难溶于丙酮、氯仿 ;不溶于石油醚、苯、甲苯和四氯化碳。胆碱的生… 相似文献
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动物脂肪的过度沉积是影响胴体品质和人类健康的重要问题之一。近年来,减少动物脂肪的过度沉积,阐明其调控的分子机制及建立相应的调控技术.已成为动物营养学研究的热点.并已取得许多重要的研究成果。文中主要论述了动物脂肪沉积的调节机制和脂肪细胞分化的调控.以及分子生物学技术对动物脂肪沉积调控的研究进展。 相似文献
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减少动物脂肪沉积的营养调控 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着生产水平的提高,动物生产周期日益缩短而上市体重不断增加,动物体内的脂肪沉积也日趋增多,过高的脂肪沉积不仅影响动物产品加工,而且严重影响动物的胴体品质。为了控制动物产品的脂肪含量,国内外研究人员从营养学角度进行了大量研究,以期能人为控制机体脂肪沉积,提高生产水 相似文献
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围产期奶牛脂肪肝等营养代谢性疾病的防治和调控是提高生产性能和效益的关键.胆碱作为一种动物生长发育必需的营养素,在奶牛肝脏脂肪代谢调控方面发挥着重要的作用.饲粮中适当补充胆碱可以有效降低肝脏脂肪含量和预防脂肪肝,并维持肝脏的正常生理功能.胆碱主要通过上调脂肪分解和下调脂肪生成途径的基因和蛋白的表达水平来调节脂肪代谢,从而减少脂肪沉积,缓解脂肪肝.本研究在已有文献报道基础上,阐述了胆碱的特性和功能,围绕胆碱对动物肝脏脂肪代谢的调节作用及机制进行了综述,旨在为奶牛维持机体健康、提高反刍动物生产性能提供理论依据. 相似文献
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脂肪组织是构成动物胴体及肉品的重要组分,动物不同部位的脂肪沉积直接影响其胴体品质和肉品质。脂肪沉积的增加有两种途径:一是脂肪细胞数量的增加,即脂肪生成(adipogenesis);二是脂肪细胞体积增大,即肥大(hypertrophy)。血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)是调控血管和淋巴管生成的最重要因子之一。近年的研究发现,VEGF-A/B与机体脂肪沉积密切相关。因此,本文综述了VEGF-A/B及其受体对脂肪生成、代谢和沉积的调控作用研究进展,并对其在动物生产上的应用进行了展望,为研发调控动物不同部位脂肪沉积、提高动物胴体品质和肉品质的营养调控技术提供新的思路和科学依据。 相似文献
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Linfeng Wang Joseph W. McFadden Gaiqing Yang Heshui Zhu Hongxia Lian Tong Fu Yu Sun Tengyun Gao Ming Li 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):787-796
Melatonin (MT) influences lipid metabolism in animals; however, the mechanistic effect of melatonin on liver fat and abdominal adipose deposition requires further clarity. In order to study the effects of melatonin on lipid metabolism, and hepatic fat and abdominal adipose deposition in animals, twenty Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats of 6 weeks of age with similar bodyweight were randomly divided into two groups: control (CTL) and MT-treated (10 mg/kg/day). During a 60-day experiment, food intake and bodyweight were measured daily and weekly respectively. At the end of treatment, blood samples were collected to collect plasma to quantify hormones and metabolic indicators of lipid metabolism. In addition, organ and abdominal adipose depots including liver, and omental, perirenal, and epididymal fat were weighed. Liver tissue was sampled for sectioning, long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) quantification, and gene chip and Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. The results showed that liver weight and index (ratio of liver weight to body weight) in MT group reduced by 20.69% and 9.63% respectively; omentum weight and index reduced by 59.88% and 54.93% respectively, and epididymal fat weight reduced by 45.34% (p = 0.049), relative to CTL. Plasma lipid indices, triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC) with MT treatment decreased significantly compared with the control. Fat and 8 LCFA content in liver in MT group also decreased. Gene chip and qPCR demonstrated that there were 289 genes up-regulated and 293 genes down-regulated by MT. Further analysis found that the mRNA expression of lipolysis-related genes increased, while the mRNA expression of lipogenesis-related enzymes decreased (p < 0.05) with MT. This study concluded that melatonin greatly affected fat deposition, and hepatic LCFA supply and the expression of genes associated with lipogenesis and lipolysis. 相似文献
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热应激对快速生长型肉仔鸡脂肪沉积规律的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将126只35日龄AA商品肉用仔公鸡随机分成高温自由采食组、适温自由采食组及适温配对试验组3组,每组6个重复,每个重复7只鸡,饲养在人工环境控制舱内的层叠式育雏笼中,研究热应激对肉仔鸡脂肪沉积的影响.56日龄时,停食12 h,从每个重复中随机抽取3只鸡进行屠宰测定.研究结果表明,在自由采食条件下,35℃高温热应激显著降低AA肉仔鸡腹脂重、右腿皮脂重、右腿肌间脂肪重、腹脂率、右腿皮脂率、右腿肌间脂肪率(P<0.05).但是与适温配对组相比,热应激显著升高AA肉仔鸡腹脂重、右腿肌间脂肪重、腹脂率、右腿肌间脂肪率(P<0.05),而对右腿皮脂重、右腿皮脂率两组间差异不显著(P>0.05). 相似文献
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Wongsuthavas S Terapuntuwat S Wongsrikeaw W Katawatin S Yuangklang C Beynen AC 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2008,92(1):92-98
This study described the relation between the type and amount of dietary fat on the deposition of abdominal fat by broiler chickens. It was hypothesized that at higher fat intakes, the well-known lowering effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the deposition of abdominal fat would be diminished. Experimental diets were formulated to contain three levels of added fat (3%, 6% and 9%). Each level had different proportions of the saturated fatty acids (SFA) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) by installing the ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 with the use of tallow and soybean oil. Arbor Acres chicks, aged 7 days, were fed one of the 15 experimental diets until they were aged 42 days. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. There was no systematic effect of the dietary fat type and the amount on the weight gain and the feed intake. The lowest SFA:UFA ratio of 1:5 produced the lowest feed conversion rates, irrespective of the amount of the fat in the diet. The abdominal fat deposition was similar in the birds fed on diets containing either 3% or 6% added fat, but deposition was lower than in those fed 9% fat. A decrease in the SFA:UFA ratio of the diet was associated with a dose-dependent decrease in abdominal fat, irrespective of the amount of fat in the diet. This observation leads to the rejection of the hypothesis stated above. A decrease in the dietary SFA:UFA from 1:1 to 1:4 caused a decrease in the number of the fat cells per surface unit of breast meat. It is concluded that an increased intake of soybean oil at the expense of tallow reduced the abdominal fat deposition and the number of fat cells in the breast meat of broiler chickens. 相似文献