小麦替代玉米在蛋鸡日粮中的应用

<正>长期以来,我国饲养畜禽的日粮以玉米-豆粕型为主,随着玉米工业用量不断增加,导致饲用玉米日趋紧缺,因此,开发非常规饲料成为解决能量饲料短缺的有效途径之一。小麦作为我国主要的粮食作物,产量高、营养价值丰富,适口性好,且在畜禽饲料中的应用已日趋广泛。因此,在蛋鸡日粮中采用小麦替代玉米作为能量饲料有较大潜力。1我国能量饲料现状玉米是我国配合饲料中最主要的能量饲料,其在配合饲料中约占40%～60%。然而,随着畜禽业的发展,我国饲料供应玉米远远不能满足饲料行业的需求,呈现很大缺口。相关数据显示,2008年,我国饲料工业对玉米的需求量为1.11亿吨,饲用玉米     

DDGS 研究现状及其在畜禽养殖中的应用

<正>进入20世纪80年代后,由于我国玉米产量迅速增加,使用玉米生产的乙醇质量好,促进了以玉米为原料生产乙醇厂家的迅速发展。近几年,我国工业用燃料乙醇生产量大幅度增加,来自玉米乙醇生产的DDGS饲料量也在扩大。在国外玉米DDGS饲料基本上来自于以玉米为原料生产燃料乙醇的工厂。在美国,大量来自玉米干粉酿酒的酒糟成为饲料配方的焦点。随着玉米大量应用到工业酒精生产,DDGS产量也随之巨增,其主要原因在于饲料和家畜业需求量也在不断扩大。大量试验证实DDGS的营养价值完全可以应用于奶牛、肉牛、猪、家禽等多种饲料配方当中。     

饲料原料和畜禽产品价格分析

1玉米： 从国内现货市场看,4月中旬以前玉米供应稍显充足,饲料厂需求偏软,港口库存压力稍大;5月份至第三季度,随着终端市场饲料需求的好转,饲料产量应该会有所上升,从而推动玉米需求,市场可能出现供应偏紧的状态;     

非淀粉多糖酶的应用研究进展

我国是饲料生产大国,2005年我国饲用玉米消耗量达到9500万t左右,其供应已经在相当大程度上控制着我国饲料工业和养殖业的命脉(蔡辉益,2006)。近年来,随着国际能源的供应紧张,     

我国玉米的生产现状和发展目标

玉米是粮食、饲料和工业原料兼用农作物,是我国的第二大粮食作物.2003年以来,在市场的拉动下,我国玉米供求关系由供大于需逐步转向供求平衡甚至供应偏紧的状况,大力发展玉米生产对保障我国粮食安全,增加农民收入,促进国民经济又好又快发展具有重要意义.     

四季度饲料生产成本将明显下降

新玉米上市,价格跳水,美豆丰产,供应大增,国内豆粕供应过剩,价格处于弱势,饲料生产主要原料成本下降,奠定了四季度饲料成本走低基础。饲料需求增速总体放缓,四季度饲料降价或促销情况增加。养殖成本总体处于下降趋势,预计四季度猪价谨慎看涨,养殖利润有望转好。     

饲料生产供应技术体系在养猪生产中的应用

养猪生产中饲料成本占生产总成本的 6 5 %左右 ,饲料价格、饲料营养水平、饲料质量等直接影响着养猪生产的效益。一个良性循环的现代化养猪场和中小型养殖企业 ,总是需要有充足的质量可靠的饲料资源作为正常生产的基础 ,因此养猪生产中饲料的生产与供应就显得特别重要。1　饲料生产供应技术体系的组成饲料生产供应技术体系以预混料生产为核心 ,建立预混料、浓缩料、全价料的三级生产供应服务体系 ,其模式为 :注 :实线表示饲料生产供应技术体系 ,虚线表示饲料应用信息反馈系统图 1　饲料生产供应技术体系结构图1.1　预混料生产供应环节本环节…     

菌株As56对饲料中非淀粉多糖的降解研究

在畜禽饲料中,国内通常把玉米作为主要的能量饲料,很少使用小麦、大麦等麦类原料。主要是麦类饲料中含有非淀粉多糖(non-starch polvsaccharide．NSP)等抗营养因子而限制了其在饲料中的应用．但随着我国养殖规模的不断扩大和饲料工业的迅速发展,将出现玉米供应紧缺的状况。据预测．到2020年我同能量饲料缺口将达到0．83亿吨。     

木聚糖酶在家禽麦类日粮中的应用技术

<正>长期以来,玉米以其较高的能值和较低的价格,在家禽饲料中一直被作为主要的能量来源,但随着玉米的供应日趋紧张。应用丰富的麦类饲料作为家禽能量饲料来源受到越来越多的重视。麦类资源以其种植面积广、产量高的特点成为替代玉米的首选。但麦类原料中含有阿拉伯木聚糖、β-葡萄聚糖等非淀粉多糖(NSP)和粗纤维、胰蛋白酶抑制因子、植物凝集素及一些难于被消化的特殊结构蛋白质等抗营养因     

当前饲料原料市场情况分析

一、玉米供应紧缺,价格将持续走强一般而言,工业饲料耗用的玉米占当年玉米总产量的四分之一强,饲料用玉米的总量供应是影响饲料工业和养殖业发展的最重要、最直接的因素。进入5月份以来,国内的玉米市场一改前期持续疲软之势,价格急剧反弹,平均涨幅在20%以上,来势之快、     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …