山羊SDHD基因cDNA编码序列的克隆与分析

利用NCBI中GenBank里查询到已登录的人、猪、牛和绵羊的SDHD mRNA序列,通过多重同源比较,从而获得高度保守区域序列,设计了同源引物,并首次对山羊SDHD编码序列进行了分子克隆。经过PCR扩增和测序,获得山羊SDHD基因共4段cDNA序列,分别为:451 bp4、20 bp5、29 bp和698 bp。所获得的四段序列测序结果经La-sergene7.0软件SeqMan拼接后,获得一条1238 bp长的cDNA序列。在GenBank数据库中进行BLAST/nr比对,发现其与绵羊、牛、猪和人相应序列相似性分别达98%、97%、85%和81%。用NCBI的ORF Finder软件对已经克隆的山羊SDHD基因cDNA进行开放阅读框分析,发现该序列包含一个480 bp的开放阅读框,编码159个氨基酸残基,计算机分析表明(Compute pI/Mw tool),该蛋白的分子量约为17 224.11 Da,等电点为8.92。通过DNAMAN软件分析发现,山羊SDHD蛋白保守性很高,其与绵羊、牛、猪和人SDHD蛋白在氨基酸序列上的相似性分别达到97%、96%、87%和85%。此山羊SDHD基因cDNA序列和SDHD蛋白质序列已于2010年1月31日登录在NCBI的GenBank上,登录号为GU338978和ADB92501。本项研究为进一步研究山羊的SDHD基因作为山羊肉品质性状候选基因,提供了相应的序列信息。     

团头鲂白细胞介素6基因启动子报告载体的构建及活性分析

为了解鱼类白细胞介素6(IL-6)基因的转录调控原理及其免疫作用机制,构建5个团头鲂il-6基因启动子的荧光素酶报告质粒(PGL3-IL-6P),以PGL3-basic质粒作为阴性对照,将它们分别与内参质粒pRL-TK共转染进鲤EPC细胞,并用100ng/mL的LPS诱导转染过重组载体的细胞,24h后检测荧光素酶的活性。结果显示:与阴性对照组相比,质粒转染组PGL3-IL-6P-0、PGL3-IL-6P-1、PGL3-IL-6P-2、PGL3-IL-6P-3与PGL3-IL-6P-4的荧光素酶活性均明显升高,其中PGL3-IL-6P-4组的荧光素酶活性最高,表明该启动子缺失体(-379至+34)包含il-6的核心启动子。用LPS刺激转染过重组载体的细胞后发现,与未经LPS刺激的对照组相比,仅PGL3-IL-6P-4组的活性明显增强,而其余缺失体的活性则没有显著变化,这进一步表明PGL3-IL-6P-4缺失体包含核心启动子区,并推测该核心启动子区域存在的潜在转录因子NF-κB与C/EBPβ等可能是响应LPS刺激的重要作用元件。     

An X chromosome gene, WTX, is commonly inactivated in Wilms tumor

Wilms tumor is a pediatric kidney cancer associated with inactivation of the WT1 tumor-suppressor gene in 5 to 10% of cases. Using a high-resolution screen for DNA copy-number alterations in Wilms tumor, we identified somatic deletions targeting a previously uncharacterized gene on the X chromosome. This gene, which we call WTX, is inactivated in approximately one-third of Wilms tumors (15 of 51 tumors). Tumors with mutations in WTX lack WT1 mutations, and both genes share a restricted temporal and spatial expression pattern in normal renal precursors. In contrast to biallelic inactivation of autosomal tumor-suppressor genes, WTX is inactivated by a monoallelic "single-hit" event targeting the single X chromosome in tumors from males and the active X chromosome in tumors from females.     

Germ line p53 mutations in a familial syndrome of breast cancer, sarcomas, and other neoplasms

Familial cancer syndromes have helped to define the role of tumor suppressor genes in the development of cancer. The dominantly inherited Li-Fraumeni syndrome (LFS) is of particular interest because of the diversity of childhood and adult tumors that occur in affected individuals. The rarity and high mortality of LFS precluded formal linkage analysis. The alternative approach was to select the most plausible candidate gene. The tumor suppressor gene, p53, was studied because of previous indications that this gene is inactivated in the sporadic (nonfamilial) forms of most cancers that are associated with LFS. Germ line p53 mutations have been detected in all five LFS families analyzed. These mutations do not produce amounts of mutant p53 protein expected to exert a trans-dominant loss of function effect on wild-type p53 protein. The frequency of germ line p53 mutations can now be examined in additional families with LFS, and in other cancer patients and families with clinical features that might be attributed to the mutation.     

不同种植季节下水稻株高遗传分析

[目的]对不同种植季节下水稻株高进行遗传分析。[方法]选择株高差异大的3个亲本CB1、CB4和CB7,配制CB1×CB4和CB7×CB4组合,建立相应的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2、F2群体,将其分为中、晚2个生产季节种植,考察了株高性状。利用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型理论的Akaike信息准则（AIC）在B1、B2、F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应及所占总变异的分量。[结果]株高在所有2个季别B1、B2、F2中均符合1对加性主基因＋加-显性多基因遗传模式,主基因遗传率为38.63%～78.53%,多基因遗传率为1.72%～36.04%,总基因型遗传率为45.52%～92.93%;2个遗传群体2季别下株高主基因加性效应值d分别为-4.56、-9.16、-7.19和-9.38,表明主基因加性效应会降低株高性状的表达。[结论]水稻茎粗性状的遗传率受种植季别及所配组合的影响明显。     

Mutations in CIC and FUBP1 contribute to human oligodendroglioma

Oligodendrogliomas are the second most common malignant brain tumor in adults and exhibit characteristic losses of chromosomes 1p and 19q. To identify the molecular genetic basis for this alteration, we performed exomic sequencing of seven tumors. Among other changes, we found that the CIC gene (homolog of the Drosophila gene capicua) on chromosome 19q was somatically mutated in six cases and that the FUBP1 gene [encoding far-upstream element (FUSE) binding protein] on chromosome 1p was somatically mutated in two tumors. Examination of 27 additional oligodendrogliomas revealed 12 and 3 more tumors with mutations of CIC and FUBP1, respectively, 58% of which were predicted to result in truncations of the encoded proteins. These results suggest a critical role for these genes in the biology and pathology of oligodendrocytes.     

细胞松弛素B对牛卵母细胞体外成熟过程中微管、微丝及染色体的影响

细胞松弛素B(Cytochalasin B,CB)是一种抑制微丝聚合的药物,能抑制微丝的组装从而阻止胞质分裂和极体排放,是研究细胞分裂器形成与变化的重要药物。在牛卵母细胞体外成熟培养过程中加入7.5 μg/mL的CB进行处理,分析CB对减数分裂过程中细胞骨架形态、染色体的排列与分离等方面的影响。结果显示,CB处理后卵母细胞第一极体的排放受到了抑制,染色体的排列和分离受到了影响,出现了同源染色体分离不完全或分离不均匀及分离后又聚在一起等异常情况,形成许多二倍体卵母细胞;纺锤体微管的形态发生了变化,出现了两个纺锤体、巨大纺锤体和多极纺锤体等异常结构;微丝的正常分布受到了影响,染色体周围没有或少有微丝分布,皮质下的微丝分布也变得少而不均匀;这说明微丝与微管在减数分裂过程中是协同作用的,CB通过影响微丝的动态变化,改变了纺锤体微管的形态结构,最终抑制了极体的排放。     

不同种植季节下水稻株高遗传分析（英文）

[目的]对不同种植季节下水稻株高进行遗传分析。[方法]选择株高差异大的3个亲本CB1、CB4和CB7,配制CB1×CB4和CB7×CB4组合,建立相应的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2、F2群体,将其分为中、晚2个生产季节种植,考察其株高性状。利用主基因＋多基因混合遗传模型理论的Akaike信息准则（AIC）在B1、B2、F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应及所占总变异的分量。[结果]株高在所有2个季别B1、B2、F2中均符合1对加性主基因＋加-显性多基因遗传模式,主基因遗传率为38.63%～78.53%,多基因遗传率为1.72%～36.04%,总基因型遗传率为45.52%～92.93%;2个遗传群体2个季别下株高主基因加性效应值d分别为-4.56、-9.16、-7.19和-9.38,表明主基因加性效应会降低株高性状的表达。[结论]水稻茎粗性状的遗传率受种植季别及所配组合的影响明显。     

Identification of an amplified, highly expressed gene in a human glioma

A gene, termed gli, was identified that is amplified more than 50-fold in a malignant glioma. The gene is expressed at high levels in the original tumor and its derived cell line and is located at chromosome 12 position (q13 to q14.3). The gli gene is a member of a select group of cellular genes that are genetically altered in primary human tumors.     

Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome

The role of the adaptive immune response in controlling the growth and recurrence of human tumors has been controversial. We characterized the tumor-infiltrating immune cells in large cohorts of human colorectal cancers by gene expression profiling and in situ immunohistochemical staining. Collectively, the immunological data (the type, density, and location of immune cells within the tumor samples) were found to be a better predictor of patient survival than the histopathological methods currently used to stage colorectal cancer. The results were validated in two additional patient populations. These data support the hypothesis that the adaptive immune response influences the behavior of human tumors. In situ analysis of tumor-infiltrating immune cells may therefore be a valuable prognostic tool in the treatment of colorectal cancer and possibly other malignancies.     

水稻单穗质量和千粒质量的遗传分析

选择单穗质量和千粒质量较小的亲本CB1和CB7与较大的亲本CB4配制CB1×CB4和CB7×CB4组合,建立了相应的P1、F1、P2、B1、B2、F2群体,将其分为中、晚2个生产季节种植,考察了穗质量与粒质量性状.利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型理论的Akaike信息准则(AIC)在B1、B2、F2代中鉴定影响数量性状的主基因存在与否,主基因存在时通过分离分析估计主基因和微效基因的遗传效应及所占总变异的分量.结果表明:单穗质量在所有B1、B2、F2中均符合1对主基因+多基因模型模式;主基因遗传率为58.06%～75.60%,多基因遗传率为5.03%～25.46%,总基因型遗传率为68.07%～96.68%;同一遗传群体不同种植季节下主基因遗传率无明显差异,但同一季节下CB7/CB4组合群体主基因遗传率均比CB1/CB4组合群体大,表明单穗质量遗传分析时应考虑到构建遗传群体的亲本选择问题;千粒质量在所有B1、B2、F2中均符合1对加性主基因+加-显性多基因模型模式,其中CB1/CB4组合群体中季主基因遗传率最高,为60.06%～69.38%;CB1/CB4组合群体中季多基因遗传率最小,为10.73%～23.21%;CB1/CB4组合群体中季总基因遗传率为71.48%～83.55%;CB1/CB4组合群体中季一阶参数d值最小,说明粒质量遗传研究时需要考虑构建遗传群体的亲本及种植季节的选择问题.     

Retinoblastoma: clues to human oncogenesis

The retinoblastoma gene can be considered a model for a class of recessive human cancer genes that have a "suppressor" or "regulatory" function. The loss or inactivation of both alleles of this gene appears to be a primary mechanism in the development of retinoblastoma. Such a mechanism is in direct contrast to that of putative human oncogenes which are thought to induce tumorigenesis following activation or alteration. The high incidence of second primary tumors among patients who inherit one inactive retinoblastoma allele also suggests that this cancer gene plays a key role in the etiology of several other primary malignancies. Finally, the observation that extra nonrandom copies of specific chromosomal regions occur in some of these tumors provides circumstantial evidence that an "expressor" gene (possibly an oncogene) may be involved in retinoblastoma development.     

Reversal of oncogenesis by the expression of a major histocompatibility complex class I gene

The classical transplantation antigens (the major histocompatibility complex class I antigens) play a key role in host defense against cells expressing foreign antigens. Several naturally occurring tumors and virally transformed cells show an overall suppression of these surface antigens. Since the class I molecules are required in the presentation of neoantigens on tumor cells to the cytotoxic T lymphocytes, their absence from the cell surface may lead to the escape of these tumors from immunosurveillance. To test this possibility, a functional class I gene was transfected into human adenovirus 12-transformed mouse cells that do not express detectable levels of class I antigens; the transformants were tested for expression of the transfected gene and for changes in oncogenicity. The expression of a single class I gene, introduced by DNA-mediated gene transfer into highly tumorigenic adenovirus 12-transformed cells, was sufficient to abrogate the oncogenicity of these cells. This finding has important implications for the regulation of the malignant phenotype in certain tumors and for the potential modulation of oncogenicity through derepression of the endogenous class I genes.     

Heterozygous germ line hCHK2 mutations in Li-Fraumeni syndrome

The hCHK2 gene encodes the human homolog of the yeast Cds1 and Rad53 G2 checkpoint kinases, whose activation in response to DNA damage prevents cellular entry into mitosis. Here, it is shown that heterozygous germ line mutations in hCHK2 occur in Li-Fraumeni syndrome, a highly penetrant familial cancer phenotype usually associated with inherited mutations in the TP53 gene. These observations suggest that hCHK2 is a tumor suppressor gene conferring predisposition to sarcoma, breast cancer, and brain tumors, and they also provide a link between the central role of p53 inactivation in human cancer and the well-defined G2 checkpoint in yeast.     

Mouse models of tumor development in neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a prevalent familial cancer syndrome resulting from germ line mutations in the NF1 tumor suppressor gene. Hallmark features of the disease are the development of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (neurofibromas), which can progress to malignancy. Unlike humans, mice that are heterozygous for a mutation in Nf1 do not develop neurofibromas. However, as described here, chimeric mice composed in part of Nf1-/- cells do, which demonstrates that loss of the wild-type Nf1 allele is rate-limiting in tumor formation. In addition, mice that carry linked germ line mutations in Nf1 and p53 develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), which supports a cooperative and causal role for p53 mutations in MPNST development. These two mouse models provide the means to address fundamental aspects of disease development and to test therapeutic strategies.     

水稻丙二烯氧化物合成酶基因OsAOS1的表达研究

茉莉酸(Jasmonate,JA)为植物病虫害抗性反应中重要的信号分子,茉莉酸类物质生物合成途径中的关键酶为丙二烯氧化物合成酶(Allene oxide synthase,AOS)。已知水稻AOS基因家族包括4个成员,Os-AOS1～OsAOS4。已有研究表明,水稻OsAOS2基因的过量表达提高了内源PR1基因的表达、增强了水稻对稻瘟病的抗性。本研究分析了OsAOS1基因表达的组织和器官特异性以及外源JA处理对OsAOS1基因表达的影响,同时利用转基因技术研究了OsAOS1基因在调控内源PR1基因表达中的作用。研究结果表明:OsAOS1基因表达的组织和器官特异性不同于OsAOS2基因;外源JA处理诱导OsAOS1基因的瞬时表达,然而OsAOS2基因的诱导表达延迟;OsAOS1过量表达抑制烟草中内源PR1基因的表达。据此推测OsAOS1基因可能不参与依赖于PR1的抗病反应。