动物胃肠道黏膜免疫简述

胃肠道作为机体营养物质的消化吸收场所,也是动物机体对肠道有害物质免疫防护的重要部位.胃肠道黏膜免疫是机体免疫系统的一个重要组成部分,是动物胃肠道免疫防护的第一道屏障,受到复杂且特殊抗原的影响,通过营养调控措施增强机体黏膜免疫的功能,对动物机体作用重大.     

仔猪肠道黏膜免疫及其营养调控

肠道是营养物质消化吸收的主要场所,也是机体最大的免疫器官,构成仔猪肠黏膜免疫系统的重要组成部分.本文从仔猪肠道黏膜免疫系统的组成、肠道免疫细胞、肠道微生物及病原识别受体、肠黏膜免疫对肠道健康的影响、仔猪肠黏膜免疫的营养调控等方面综述了近年来仔猪肠道黏膜免疫的研究进展,为未来仔猪肠道健康和营养调控的研究以及益生菌等抗生素替代物在仔猪生产中的合理应用提供理论依据.     

动物肠道免疫研究进展

动物肠道免疫系统是动物机体防止感染的第一道防线,也是动物免疫系统的重要组成部分。本文介绍了在动物肠道免疫中起重要作用的S-IgA的合成、转运以及其生物学功能,阐述了对动物肠道免疫的影响因素以及从动物营养角度的主要调控方法。     

肠道菌群对宿主黏膜免疫和营养代谢的关系研究进展

肠道是营养物质消化吸收的主要场所,同时又是机体最大的免疫器官。肠道内共生着数量庞大和种类繁杂的菌群。肠道菌群具有调控宿主营养代谢和促进黏膜免疫系统成熟的双重作用。就肠道菌群对宿主黏膜免疫和营养代谢的关系进行综述。     

补益类中药对动物肠黏膜免疫的调节作用

动物肠道黏膜免疫系统是动物维持肠道健康、抵抗肠道病原感染的重要屏障,已逐渐成为动物预防保健、营养调控等方面的研究热点。就补益类中药对动物肠道黏膜屏障、免疫细胞、免疫分子、肠道菌群的调节作用进行综述,为开发绿色环保畜禽中药免疫增强剂及疫苗佐剂提供借鉴。     

黄芪多糖在肠道黏膜诱导的内毒素耐受样免疫反应研究进展

黄芪多糖是一种具有高效免疫调控效应的中草药提取物,动物摄入后可诱导肠道黏膜免疫系统TLR4通路内毒素耐受免疫反应,进而影响肠道黏膜免疫功能状态,优化动物肠道黏膜组织形态和健康状态。本文对黄芪多糖的免疫调控机理及其对肠道黏膜免疫系统的影响进行总结,以期为后续研究提供参考。     

断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫与功能性氨基酸的营养

黏膜免疫系统是机体抵抗病原体入侵的第一道免疫屏障,文中综述了肠黏膜免疫系统的结构和功能、肠黏膜免疫应答过程、功能性氨基酸的营养与免疫作用。断奶仔猪日粮的合理配制需考虑胃肠道的发育和功能性氨基酸的添加,研究促进肠道黏膜免疫的营养物质并探讨其作用机理具有重要意义。     

氨基酸营养调控黏膜免疫的研究进展

动物机体内的黏膜免疫系统约占机体淋巴细胞组织的50%以上,具有大量的免疫细胞。黏膜免疫细胞可以摄取、呈递抗原,诱导发生免疫反应,产生免疫效应因子,发挥免疫作用。作为机体抵抗病原菌侵袭的免疫防线,黏膜免疫系统功能是否完善、健全是保障动物健康快速生长的重要保障,目前对黏膜免疫系统及其影响因素的研究越来越被广大学者所重视。研究表明,氨基酸营养对免疫机能的发挥有积极的影响,其与免疫之间的相互作用也成为营养学研究的重要领域之一。1黏膜免疫系统黏膜免疫系统(mucosal i mmune system,MIS)是由肠相关淋巴组织(GALT)、支气管…     

精氨酸对动物肠道黏膜免疫的调节作用

肠道黏膜免疫是动物对外界抗原进入动物体内产生的局部特异性免疫.精氨酸能在一定程度上修复黏膜损伤,维护动物肠黏膜结构与功能的完整性.本文综述了动物黏膜免疫系统,精氨酸对肠道黏膜免疫的调节作用以及断奶仔猪的精氨酸营养.     

肠黏膜免疫研究进展和仔猪营养调控

断奶仔猪的营养是养猪业中的一个焦点问题。本文较系统的综述了肠黏膜免疫系统的结构与功能、肠黏膜免疫应答过程、断奶对仔猪肠黏膜免疫功能的影响、活性物质对断奶仔猪肠黏膜免疫调控的影响。肠道黏膜免疫机理的充分研究对断奶仔猪的营养调控具有重要意义。     

An immunologist's perspective on nutrition,immunity, and infectious diseases: Introduction and overview

The immune system is a multifaceted arrangement of membranes (skin, epithelial, and mucus), cells, and molecules whose function is to eradicate invading pathogens or cancer cells from a host. Working together, the various components of the immune system perform a balancing act of being lethal enough to kill pathogens or cancer cells yet specific so as not to cause extensive damage to “self” tissues of the host. A functional immune system is a requirement of a healthy life in modern animal production. Yet infectious diseases still represent a serious drain on the economics (reduced production, cost of therapeutics, and vaccines) and welfare of animal agriculture. The interaction involving nutrition and immunity and how the host deals with infectious agents is a strategic determinant in animal health. Almost all nutrients in the diet play a fundamental role in sustaining an optimal immune response, such that deficient and excessive intakes can have negative consequences on immune status and susceptibility to a variety of pathogens. Dietary components can regulate physiological functions of the body; interacting with the immune response is one of the most important functions of nutrients. The pertinent question to be asked and answered in the current era of poultry production is whether the level of nutrients that maximizes production in commercial diets is sufficient to maintain competence of immune status and disease resistance. This question, and how to answer it, is the basis of this overview. Clearly, a better understanding of the interactions between the immune signaling pathways and productivity signaling could provide the basis for the formulation of diets that optimize disease resistance. By understanding the mechanisms of nutritional effects on the immune system, we can study the specific interactions that occur between diet and infections. This mechanism-based framework allows for experiments to be interpreted based on immune function during an infection. Thus, these experiments would provide a “real world” assessment of nutritional modulation of immune protection separating immune changes that have little impact on resistance from those that are truly important. Therefore, a coordinated account of the temporal changes in metabolism and associated gene expression and production of downstream immune molecules during an immune response and how nutrition changes these responses should be the focus of future studies. These studies could be answered using new “-eomics” technologies to describe both the local immune environments and the host-pathogen interface.     

黏膜疫苗抗原运输方式及佐剂研究进展

黏膜免疫是机体防御感染的第一道防线,诱导有效的黏膜免疫应答对病原由黏膜感染途径引发的疾病预防具有重要的意义。目前,在黏膜疫苗的研究中存在某些关键性问题,最重要的是黏膜抗原不能有效地被运输至黏膜诱发部位,致使黏膜免疫系统不能被有效刺激,而不能产生高效的免疫应答。因此,选择安全而有效的黏膜佐剂及选择有效的抗原运输系统是发展黏膜疫苗的必须条件。论文就近几年来黏膜疫苗佐剂及抗原运输方式进行综述。     

维生素A的免疫研究进展

维生素A是一种动物所必需的营养素和重要抗氧化剂,具有保护上皮组织完整性、促进骨骼发育、调节新陈代谢和胚胎发育、增强机体免疫力等功能。随着研究的深入,人们逐渐发现维生素A在肠黏膜免疫和诱导淋巴细胞的凋亡中也充当着重要的免疫佐剂。为进一步拓宽营养与免疫研究视野,作者就维生素A在免疫方面的最新研究进展进行综述。     

饲用益生菌对动物肠道免疫调节的作用机理

益生菌即一类以活菌为主的新型饲料添加剂,其活菌能在动物肠道内定植,维护肠道菌群平衡,并刺激肠黏膜免疫系统,引起体液免疫和细胞免疫应答,从而增强机体抗病力.本文对益生菌的免疫刺激及其作用机理进行综述.     

Nonruminant Nutrition Symposium: Neurogastroenterology and food allergies

Neurogastroenterology is a subspecialty encompassing relations of the nervous system to the gastrointestinal tract. The central concept is emergence of whole organ behavior from coordinated activity of the musculature, mucosal epithelium, and blood vasculature. Behavior of each effector is determined by the enteric nervous system (ENS). The ENS is a minibrain positioned close to the effectors it controls. The ENS neurophysiology is in the framework of neurogastroenterology. The digestive tract is recognized as the largest lymphoid organ in the body with a unique complement of mast cells. In its position at the "dirtiest" of interfaces between the body and outside world, the mucosal immune system encounters food antigens, bacteria, parasites, viruses, and toxins. Epithelial barriers are insufficient to exclude fully the antigenic load, thereby allowing chronic challenges to the immune system. Observations in antigen-sensitized animals document direct communication between the mucosal immune system and ENS. Communication is functional and results in adaptive responses to circumstances within the lumen that are threatening to the functional integrity of the whole animal. Communication is paracrine and incorporates specialized sensing functions of mast cells for specific antigens together with the capacity of the ENS for intelligent interpretation of the signals. Immuno-neural integration progresses sequentially, beginning with immune detection, followed by signal transfer to the ENS, followed by neural interpretation and then selection of a neural program with coordinated mucosal secretion and a propulsive motor event that quickly clears the threat from the intestinal lumen. Operation of the defense program evokes symptoms of cramping abdominal pain, fecal urgency, and acute watery diarrhea. Investigative approaches to immuno-ENS interactions merge the disciplines of mucosal immunology and ENS neurophysiology into the realm of neurogastroenterology.     

动物黏膜免疫与细胞因子的研究进展

黏膜免疫系统是机体抵抗病原微生物的第一道防线,而黏膜相关趋化性细胞因子在生理病理过程中也发挥重要作用,其对研究黏膜免疫系统的特殊功能和独特性质具有重要意义.本文概述了黏膜免疫的特点、机制、途径及与之相关的几类重要的细胞因子.     

动物营养水平与免疫及疾病关系的研究

动物营养与免疫及疾病之间的关系错综复杂,一方面营养水平合理可以提高免疫力和抗病力,营养缺乏直接或间接地引起动物机体免疫组织和免疫器官的损伤,从而引发各种疾病;反之,各种疾病引起的免疫反应又会影响营养成分的吸收。可见动物日粮营养水平对动物免疫与疾病具有重要影响。本文简要概述了动物日粮中的蛋白质、氨基酸、矿物质、维生素、脂肪、益生菌等营养物质对动物免疫与疾病的影响。     

鱼类免疫系统的研究进展

免疫系统是指机体识别自身和非自身物质以抵御病害生物入侵和感染的一个防御系统,它的主要功能是防御和维护自身的稳定。鱼类的免疫系统主要包括：免疫组织和器官、细胞免疫、体液免疫因子三大类。本文就鱼类免疫系统的三个方面及与免疫系统有关的黏膜免疫、营养免疫等方面作一概述。     

Influence of stress and nutrition on cattle immunity.

Today, the scientific community readily embraces the fact that stress and nutrition impact every physiologic process in the body. At last, the specific mechanisms by which stress and nutrition affect the immune function are being elucidated. The debate among animal scientists concerning the definition and quantification of stress as it relates to animal productivity and well-being is ongoing. However, an increased appreciation and understanding of the effects of stress on livestock production has emerged throughout the scientific community and with livestock producers. The intent of this article is to provide an overview of the general concepts of stress and immunology, and to review the effects of stress and nutrition on the immune system of cattle.