几个新优质不育系特征特性的比较

杂交稻在我国所取得的成就举世瞩目 ,但至８０年代后期 ,随着一些不育系 (如珍汕９７Ａ、Ｖ２０Ａ等 )的潜力的挖尽 ,选育优良组合的自由度愈来愈小 ,稻米品质差、抗性下降、单产徘徊 ,越来越难以满足社会的需求 ,选育优质、多抗、高产的新质源不育系应用于生产实践已迫在眉睫。育种工作者们于是大幅度调整育种目标 ,面向优质高产 ,至今相继选育出一系列优质米不育系。笔者只收集了其中４份优质米不育系进行比较 ,初步探讨了它们存在的优、缺点。一、材料与方法４份供试材料为 :中９Ａ(中国水稻所 )、丰源Ａ(湖南杂优中心 )、研Ａ(中国水稻…     

几个优良水稻品种介绍

武育粳3号是江苏省武进稻麦育种场与江苏省农科院粮作所通过中丹1号／79—51∥中丹1号／扬粳1号选育成的迟熟中梗品种。1992年4月通过江苏省农作物品种审定委员会审定。     

几个甘蔗品种比较试验

2004～2005年对粤糖91/1102等6个甘蔗新品种进行一年新植,一年宿根比较试验.结果表明:公顷产蔗量与公顷含糖量最高是粤糖91/1102和赣南95/108,蔗茎产量分别比CK1增产20.9%和10.9%,比CK2增产16.9%和7.2%.含糖量分别比CK-增产25.5%和23.5%,比CK2增产13.3%和11.5%.甘蔗蔗糖分最高是福农95/1702,平均蔗糖分达17.01%.     

几个水稻两用系在沈阳的育性表现

通过分期播种，调查分析了９个水稻核不育系的不育性表现与其实用性。结果表明，９３０１Ｓ９３０２Ｓ，９３０３Ｓ和ＬＳ２Ｓ４份材料在沈阳自然光温条件下，表现不育期较长，不育性相对稳定，具有较好的利用价值。     

9个不同水稻品种的比较试验

[目的]筛选适宜在兴化市种植的高产优质抗逆性好的水稻品种。[方法]通过田间对比试验,对9个示范水稻品种的生育期、农艺性状、经济性状、抗逆性及丰产性进行比较分析。[结果]润禾1号生育期最短,为129 d,其他品种生育期为136~138 d;兴作1号、盐绠6号、08-49、南粳40和润禾1号产量超过7 552.50 kg/hm2;兴作1号和盐绠6号抗倒性好,成穗率偏低,08-49和润禾1号零星发生恶苗病,润禾1号零星发生基腐病。[结论]兴作1号、盐绠6号和08-49产量表现好、抗性强,可以作为兴化市示范推广品种。     

几个抗虫棉品种比较试验

山东省泰安市属鲁中南山地丘陵地区 ,抗虫棉种植广为普遍 ,但抗虫棉综合利用与评价在我市尚未系统研究与试验。为此 ,2 0 0 2年通过不同抗虫棉品种在泰安市的生长发育规律、适应性、抗逆性和产量表现等方面的比较鉴定 ,为本地区推广应用抗虫棉品种提供理论依据。1材料和方法试验设在泰安市宁阳县共 3个试验点 ,土壤为砂姜黑土 ,采用的品种为中棉所 41号、s GK32 1、冀棉 668、鲁棉研 1 6与美棉 99B,美棉 99B为对照。试验为随机排列 ,重复 3次 ,棉花行距 80 cm,株距2 7cm,小区长 6m,宽 4m,共设 3个小区 ,每小区 5行区。根据长势喷助壮素化…     

2个枇杷品种叶片氮代谢的比较

以‘东湖早’和‘早钟6号’枇杷为材料,研究其叶片氮含量和氮代谢相关酶活性,并探讨其间的相关性。结果表明,‘东湖早’枇杷春梢叶片氮含量、可溶性蛋白含量和氮代谢相关酶活性均显著高于‘早钟6号’,而2个品种的夏梢、秋梢和冬梢叶片则均无显著性差异。相关性分析表明,四个季节中,2个品种的叶片全氮含量均与NR、GS和GDH活性呈显著或极显著正相关;‘早钟6号’枇杷叶片氨态氮含量与NR和GS活性呈显著正相关,而‘东湖早’枇杷叶片氨态氮含量与NR和GS活性则呈不显著相关;2个品种的叶片硝态氮含量与NR、GS和GDH的活性均不存在显著相关性。     

几个抗虫棉品种的比较试验

2003年进行了几个抗虫棉新品种的比较试验，对各品种的农艺性状进行观察比较，为推广应用提供参考依据。     

5个水稻品种对水稻纹枯病菌鉴别能力的比较

采用苗期接种法和大田成株期接种法,对5个具有不同纹枯病抗性的水稻品种Lemont、武育粳3号、Jasmine85、C418和YSBR1进行纹枯病抗性评价。苗期接种结果表明,30个来源不同的纹枯病菌接种5个品种后,5个品种苗期表现出明显的抗感差异,30个菌株之间致病力差异亦明显,且品种与菌株之间互作显著。根据聚类分析结果,从30个菌株中筛选出5个致病力不同的菌株(分别为GD118、C30、E67、YN7和YN3)进行水稻品种成株期抗性鉴定,发现水稻品种成株期的抗感差异亦显著。     

试论大气CO2浓度升高条件下水稻碳氮代谢变化及其调控途径

 以水稻为例，从分析高等植物光合速率对大气CO2浓度升高的短期与长期反应入手，结合水稻的氮素营养特性，通过分析大气CO2浓度倍增下，水稻体内氮素营养状况与光合速率的关系，以及光合作用过程中酶的活性与总量、光合底物的再生与水稻氮素营养的关系，论述了大气CO2浓度升高对水稻体内碳氮代谢的影响。对稻田生态系统的氮素营养管理提出了建议，并从产量和生态角度对今后水稻氮素营养的研究进行了展望。     

Selenium Alleviates Carbohydrate Metabolism and Nutrient Composition in Arsenic Stressed Rice Plants

This study reported the influence of selenium (Se) on carbohydrate composition and some related enzymes and nutrient compositions of arsenic (As) stressed rice plants. Rice plants of cultivar PR126 were grown on soil amended with As in a range of 25–100 μmol/kg with and without 0.5 or 1.0 mg/kg Se. Total soluble sugars (TSS) and reducing sugars (RS) increased in leaves of As stressed plants at the tillering and grain filling stages whereas sucrose and starch contents showed the reverse trend. Se supplementation to As stressed plants further increased TSS and RS, and enhanced sucrose phosphate synthase activity in rice leaves, thus improving sucrose content and the tolerance to As stress of the plants. Se alone or in combination with As resulted in lower As accumulation in rice husk and grains, and the highest reduction was observed in Se applied at 1.0 mg/kg compared to the corresponding As treatments alone. As may limit the accumulations of Na, Mg, K, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn in rice grains, which are essential for humans. Binary application of different combinations of As and Se protected the plants against As and increased the mineral content in rice grains. Addition of Se in As treated soil significantly alleviated As stress by enhancing grain yields compared to the corresponding As treatment. It is concluded that Se induced amelioration of the toxic impact of As in rice either by modulating carbohydrate composition and/or nutrient uptake is one of the mechanisms to alleviate As stress in plants.     

Source-Sink and Grain-Filling Characteristics of Two-Line Hybrid Rice Yangliangyou 6

Two-line hybrid rice combinations have obvious super high-yielding characteristics of strong matter productivity and large sink size. However, their lower seed setting rate, higher empty grain rate and unfilled grain rate, and poor grain filling degree, s…     

Association of Phytate Formation with Grain Filling in Rice

The grain-filling characteristics of six rice varieties (combinations) and the relationships between their relative biochemistry composition during phytate synthesizing and grain plumpness were studied. Regarding results for ISHR1,ISHR2, R198 and JW21, with good grain plumpness, the two-step-filling in superior spikelets and inferior spikelets was not clear, while for ISHR3 and 559, with poor grain plumpness, it was very clear. From booting stage to flowering stage, the contents of phytate and inositol in varieties with good grain plumpness was obviously higher than those in varieties with poor grain plumpness. While at grain filling stage, the content of inorganic phosphorus in varieties with poor grain plumpness was obviously higher than that in varieties with good grain plumpness. The contents of phytate and inositol from booting stage to flowering stage was highly significantly correlated with the initial filling power (RO), the mean filling rate (RM) and grain filling percentage (PGF), and the content of inorganic phosphorus at grain filling stage was negatively significantly correlated with R0, FM and PGF. Furthermore, effective approach to improving grain filling was put forward.     

普通野生稻饲用特性初探

根据株高、产量、分蘖力从141份广东高州普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon Griff.)材料中初选出20个生态型,分析其营养成分并对其作饲用稻的优劣进行综合排序。结果显示,GZW128的隶属值居前,粗蛋白产量最高,综合饲用价值好,可直接开发利用;GZW107的粗蛋白含量最高,为17.33%DM;GZW128的分蘖力和干物质量最高,分别为325个和68.33 g/株;GZW039灰分最少,为11.70%DM;GZW110粗纤维含量最低,为25.97%DM。上述野生稻均可作为后期全株饲料稻选育中相应性状改良的优质材料利用。     

不同气孔密度水稻剑叶光合特性及蔗糖代谢研究

以叶片不同气孔密度(高、中和低气孔密度)水稻品系为试验材料,在齐穗期研究水稻剑叶光合特性、糖分含量和蔗糖代谢酶活性。结果表明,水稻叶片中蔗糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶活性与气孔密度呈极显著正相关;蔗糖合成酶活性与气孔密度呈显著正相关。高气孔密度水稻叶片Rubisco活性、净光合速率、蔗糖含量、蔗糖磷酸合成酶和蔗糖合成酶活性显著高于低气孔密度水稻;不同叶片气孔密度与中性转化酶呈显著负相关。研究认为,气孔密度增加提高了水稻叶片光合效率,促进了蔗糖积累及蔗糖代谢酶活性提高,有利于更多光合产物——蔗糖向籽粒转运。     

Research Advances in High-Yielding Cultivation and Physiology of Super Rice

In 1996,China launched a program to breed super rice or super hybrid rice by combining intersubspecific heterosis with ideal plant types.Today,approximately 80 super rice varieties have been released and some of them show high grain yields of 12-21 t/hm2 in field experiments.The main reasons for the high yields of super rice varieties,compared with those of conventional varieties,can be summarized as follows:more spikelets per panicle and larger sink size (number of spikelets per square meter);larger leaf area index,longer duration of green leaf,greater photosynthetic rate,higher lodging resistance,greater dry matter accumulation before the heading stage,greater remobilization of pre-stored carbohydrates from stems and leaves to grains during the grain-filling period;and larger root system and greater root activity.However,there are two main problems in super rice production:poor grain-filling of the later-flowering inferior spikelets (in contrast to earlier-flowering superior spikelets),and low and unstable seed-setting rate.Here,we review recent research advances in the crop physiology of super rice,focusing on biological features,formation of yield components,and population quality.Finally,we suggest further research on crop physiology of super rice.     

水稻的源库关系及碳、氮代谢的研究进展

综述了水稻源库关系及其对产量的影响,不同源库类型碳水化合物代谢和氮素营养生理特性,并简要提出了今后的研究方向。