利用金属钴废料生产钴盐

利用金属钴废料生产钴盐钴盐系列产品主要包括：硫酸钴、氧化钴、硝酸钴、氯化钴、草酸钴及醋酸钴等。钴盐系列产品用途甚广，主要用于：陶瓷、玻璃着色剂、釉料颜料、电镀、催化剂、触媒、干湿指示剂、氨吸收剂、油漆干燥剂、家畜的营养剂及用于军工高科技点滴试验。石油...     

硫酸法回收废旧手机锂离子电池中钴的研究

采用硫酸法回收并合成了锂离子电池中的钴酸锂。考察了不同的有机溶剂溶解粘结剂PVDF,不同酸浸条件对钴酸锂浸出效果的影响,以及碳酸钴和碳酸锂共沉淀物的焙烧条件,并对所获得的钴酸锂进行了结构分析。利用硫酸—双氧水体系浸取黑色粉末中的钴元素,单因素实验结果表明:反应温度为65℃时,酸的浓度为3.0mol/L,固液比1∶100,反应时间为50 min,过氧化氢用量3 mL/g时,钴的浸出率为94.77%。优化实验结果钴的平均浸出率达到94%以上。     

盐胁迫对荷兰菊、千屈菜及狼尾草生长的影响

荷兰菊、千屈菜以及狼尾草均是盐碱地重要的观赏性植物,并且具有一定的药用价值。盐胁迫对不同植物的生长发育有不同程度的影响,为探究荷兰菊、千屈菜及狼尾草的耐盐响应,试验以这3种植物钵育幼苗为试材,采用盆栽浇盐(不同盐浓度处理)方法,对3种植物进行耐盐试验。结果表明:盐胁迫显著抑制了3种植物的生长,且株高和生物量均呈明显下降趋势,处理间差异显著。此外,以植物生长量下降50%时盐浓度作为其耐盐阈值可推断出荷兰菊的耐盐阈值在3.8～4.3g/kg,千屈菜在2.3～2.8g/kg,狼尾草在2.6～3.1g/kg。     

盐胁迫下施氮对木麻黄幼苗生长生理的影响

本试验以木麻黄幼苗为试验材料,采用水培法以NH₄NO₃作为氮肥,分析了盐胁迫下不同浓度施氮处理木麻黄幼苗生长生理指标的变化。结果表明：与无盐害正常生长的对照处理相比,在2～10 g·L^-1 NaCl处理下幼苗遭受了不同程度盐害,盐害率为4.3%～100%,耐盐阈值6 g·L^-1。在6 g·L^-1 NaCl处理下,添加0.25～1 g·L¹ NH₄NO₃显著降低了幼苗盐害率,其中以0.75 g·L¹ NH₄NO₃处理下盐害率最低,较未施氮处理降低了52.3%。NH₄NO₃明显降低了叶片中Na⁺浓度,而Cl^-浓度变化趋势不明显,同时叶片净光合速率(Pn)、水分利用效率(WUE)、胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)增大,蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)减小,相对电导率和丙二醛...     

调环酸钙对盐胁迫下紫丁香和小叶丁香逆境生理的影响

在盆栽条件下，研究了调环酸钙浓度在30 mg/L～120 mg/L时对5 g/L盐胁迫下紫丁香和小叶丁香苗木逆境生理的影响。结果表明，各浓度的调环酸钙处理均提高了盐胁迫下紫丁香和小叶丁香的叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、SOD活性和POD活性，降低了其MDA含量；不同浓度的调环酸钙处理比较来看，90 mg/L～120 mg/L的调环酸钙可以显著提高紫丁香和小叶丁香的抗盐能力。     

植物对氯化钠和硫酸钠胁迫生理响应研究进展

氯化钠是一种最为常见的盐胁迫类型,在我国乃至全球分布面积最大。但在某些地区(如我国"三北"的局部地区),硫酸钠、碳酸钠和碳酸氢钠等类型盐渍土的面积更大、危害更深,且有很多植物(如碱蓬、白刺、柽柳等)常分布于多种不同类型的盐碱地。因此,开展植物对不同类型盐碱胁迫对比研究、探讨其内在生理机制的异同显得尤为迫切和必要,并极具现实意义和理论价值。根据国内外文献资料,文中在总结盐胁迫生长抑制效应的基础上,对比、分析了植物对氯化钠和碳酸钠胁迫的生理响应异同,主要包括离子代谢生理、水分与渗透调节生理、光合生理等,并对该领域存在的问题和未来研究重点进行了探讨,以期为同类研究提供参考与借鉴。     

栲胶应用点滴

用丹宁酸改善尼龙染色性能丹宁酸配合钴或镍的矿酸盐可用于改善碱性染料对耐光改良聚酰胺纤维的染色性能。例如,用C.I.碱性紫色10进行尼龙800染色时,以3%的丹宁酸(占纤维重)和1.5%的醋酸水溶液(比例1:30)在60℃下处理20分钟,再用2%的氯化镍或氯化钴(1:30)在60℃下处理20分钟,结果可得到具有耐光性的染色效果,耐光坚牢度从3增加到5。     

板栗干枯病防治试验

1982～1988年间,在河南林县桑园板栗林区对板栗干枯病进行了病部刮皮涂药防治试验,从碳酸钠、多菌灵、波尔多液和石硫合剂4种药剂中筛选出1:10碳酸钠治疗干枯病效果最佳,防治效果达96%。试验区板栗产量逐年递增,经济效益明显。     

盐胁迫对‘南林895’杨组培再生芽生根及抗氧化能力的影响

以‘南林895’杨经组培获得的2 cm长再生芽为试验材料,研究不同浓度NaCl处理下再生芽不定根发生能力及其耐盐能力。结果表明:‘南林895’杨再生芽在75 mmol/L以下能够正常产生不定根,100 mmol/L完全抑制不定根的形成。25～50 mmol/L盐处理能够促进‘南林895’杨再生芽不定根的伸长,增加根数,提高叶绿素a及总叶绿素的含量。25 mmol/L处理的SOD、CAT、POD、GR 4种保护酶与对照之间没有显著性差异,MDA含量和电导率也低于对照;而在高浓度盐处理下(75～100 mmol/L),SOD、CAT、GR保护酶活性下降,导致膜透性加大,MDA含量增加,POD和AsA-POD酶活性的提高有助于缓解盐胁迫对‘南林895’杨造成的氧化损伤。     

苧烯一步法合成香芹酮的研究

以钴盐为催化剂，烯氧化一步法合成香芹酮。探讨了催化剂体系、用量、反应温度、反应时间等对香芹酮得率的影响，确定了适宜的工艺条件。     

金合欢基溴合成角鲨烯反应及异构体形成机理的研究

通过自制高效偶联试剂三三苯基膦氯化亚钴和自制金合欢基溴的还原偶联反应,成功地合成了角鲨烯。初步探索了主要反应条件如反应时间等对偶联反应中产物角鲨烯得率的影响。结果表明,在常温、偶联试剂过量10％、反应4h及充分搅拌的条件下,角鲨烯得率45．6％。用GC和GC-MS分析了合成产物角鲨烯,探讨了角鲨烯6个异构体的形成机理和可能的化学结构以及在GC图谱中的出峰顺序。另外,还探讨了合成三三苯基膦氯化亚钴中硼氢化钠滴加速度和搅拌速率对反应的影响。     

高效桐油催干剂的制备及其催干性能研究

考察了4种催干剂异辛酸稀土(REI)、异辛酸钴(CI)、高效催干剂M2203和CQ-150B单独或配合使用时对桐油和聚合桐油催干性能的影响,结果表明:10℃时聚合桐油黏度为15 520 mPa·s,比桐油黏度(160 mPa·s)有明显增加;20℃时聚合桐油的干燥时间为72 h,较桐油干燥时间(168 h)明显缩短。异辛酸稀土和异辛酸钴单独使用时,催干效果明显低于M2203和CQ-150B;0.6%的异辛酸稀土与0.010%的异辛酸钴复配的复合催干剂,催干桐油的表干时间、实干时间分别为2和2.5 h,硬度等级为4H,附着力等级为1级;催干聚合桐油的表干时间、实干时间分别为0.67和1 h,硬度等级为5H,附着力为1级。与高效催干剂M2203和CQ-150B相比,复合催干剂色泽浅,与桐油相容性好。FT-IR和TG表征分析表明:复合催干剂催干制备的桐油漆膜交联度高、热稳定性好,该复合催干剂是一种性能优良的桐油催干剂。     

Mn2+和CO2+胁迫对舞毒蛾幼虫营养和抗氧化力的影响

[目的]为了明确舞毒蛾幼虫对Mn^2+和Co^2+胁迫的响应机制。[方法]采用0.40 mmol·g^-1 Mn^2+和0.83 mmol·g^-1 Co^2+的两种混合饲料分别喂食舞毒蛾4龄幼虫,测定了Mn^2+和Co^2+(LC30)对舞毒蛾4龄幼虫体质量、营养取食情况、营养成分含量及总抗氧化力。[结果]与对照组相比较,其取食量、虫粪量、体质量增长量均显著降低;Mn^2+处理组可溶性蛋白含量降低33.76%,碳水化合物含量降低57.56%,海藻糖含量降低64.05%,脂质含量降低27.77%;处理组可溶性蛋白含量降低47.46%,碳水化合物含量降低59.45%,海藻糖含量降低59.16%,脂质含量降低33.71%;Mn^2+处理组总抗氧化力增加28.25%,处理组总抗氧化力增加82.54%.表明Mn^2+和Co^2+对舞毒蛾幼虫取食量、虫粪量、体质量增长量、可溶性蛋白含量、碳水化合物含量、海藻糖含量、脂质含量均有显著的抑制作用,对其总抗氧化力有显著的促进作用。[结论]舞毒蛾幼虫是主要通过提高自身抗氧化力来应对重金属的胁迫,从而提高自身对重金属的抗性。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.