Phylogenetic analysis of Theileria sp. from sika deer, Cervus nippon, in Japan

The 18S rRNA genes of Theileria species detected in sika deer, Cervus nippon centralis in Yamaguchi and Cervus nippon yesoensis in Hokkaido, were analyzed. The percent identities of the nucleotide sequences of Theileria from Cervus nippon centralis and Cervus nippon yesoensis were more than 99%. The percent identities of the Theileria sp. from sika deer and Theileria sergenti, Theileria buffeli and Theileria cervi were 97, 96 and 95%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene sequences also revealed that Theileria sp. detected from sika deer comprise a clade that is clearly distinct from the clade comprised of Theileria from cattle.     

Occurrence of two distinct Theileria lineages in sika deer (Cervus nippon) of Iwate Prefecture, Japan

In the present study, we tried to detect protozoan blood parasites from the liver or blood of 141 Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon) in Iwate Prefecture of Japan by polymerase chain reaction. Approximately 500-bp amplicons were obtained in 76 (53.9%) of 141 samples by amplification for V4 hyper-variable regions of the 18S rRNA gene, and the amplicons were considered to be DNA of Theileria species. The complete nucleotide sequences (1701-bp) of the 18S rRNA gene were determined in 25 samples and were divided into 8 genotypes that were phylogenetically separated into two distinct lineages showing a monophyletic relation. The two lineages of Theileria were detected in different rates (12 and 88%) from sika deer in Iwate Prefecture.     

Morphometry on lancet flukes found in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis) captured in Iwate Prefecture, Japan

Thirty-six flukes were collected from the livers of wild deer (Cervus nippon centralis) captured in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and were served for morphometry. The length and/or the width of the body, suckers, testes, ovary, vitelline glands, cirrus pouch and eggs in the uterus of the flukes were measured. The distance between anterior end of the body and position of the maximal body-width or upper end of the testes were also determined. A remarked morphological characteristic was that the right and left testes did not lie tandem but lined bilaterally. Also the position of the maximal body-width did not always locate in the posterior part of the body of the fluke. The property was in accordance with those for Dicrocoelium chinensis.     

瑟氏泰勒虫p33基因与牛IL-18基因的串联表达

为研究牛IL-18基因对瑟氏泰勒虫p33疫苗的免疫佐剂效应,根据GenBank上已经发表的p33基因序列和牛IL-18基因序列(IL-18)设计2对特异性引物,以瑟氏泰勒虫基因组DNA和pMD-19-T-IL-18质粒DNA为模板,采用SOE-PCR技术将2个基因连接在一起,经BamHⅠ、XhoⅠ双酶切,获得1 416bp的目的基因IL-18-p33,克隆于原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中,构建了双基因重组表达载体pGEX-4T-1-IL-18-p33,转化大肠杆菌BL21,经IPTG诱导,表达出预期大小为79 000的融合蛋白。Western blotting检测结果显示,该蛋白与瑟氏泰勒虫抗血清呈阳性反应,表明融合蛋白具有反应原性,为进一步研究IL-18对瑟氏泰勒虫p33基因疫苗的免疫佐剂效应奠定了基础。     

Isolation of a Megatrypanum trypanosome from sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Japan

A trypanosome was isolated from a sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan, during the primary culture of sika deer renal cells. This is the first report of isolation of a Megatrypanum trypanosome from Japanese Cervidae. The trypanosome, designated TSD1, was propagated and maintained in Eagle's modified essential medium containing 20% fetal bovine serum with sika deer renal cells as feeder. The TSD1 trypanosome was morphometrically similar to Trypanosoma cervi, which is commonly isolated from American and European deer. PCR analysis with primers for 18S ribosomal DNA and nucleotide sequencing showed that TSD1 is a member of genus Trypanosoma, subgenus Megatrypanum. Phylogenetically TSD1 is closely related to T. theileri, a common trypanosome of cattle, but is distinguishable from T. theileri by some morphometrical and biological features.     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫p33双拷贝基因的真核表达

为构建牛瑟氏泰勒虫p33双拷贝基因真核表达质粒,以牛瑟氏秦勒虫基因组DNA为模板,应用SOE—PCR技术得到牛瑟氏泰勒虫p33双拷贝基因,将其先克隆到pMD18T—Simple载体,再亚克隆到真核表达载体pVAX1中,得到重组质粒pVAX1—2p33。对该重组质粒进行PCR、酶切鉴定及测序后,采用脂质体法将其转染到BHK-21细胞,用RTPCR和IFA进行鉴定。结果表明,牛瑟氏泰勒虫p33双拷贝基因真核表达质粒pVAX12p33构建成功并可以在BHK-21细胞中表达。本试验结果为p33双拷贝基因的免疫学研究奠定了基础。     

梅花鹿线粒体DNA的研究进展

线粒体DNA作为一个理想的分子标记已经被广泛应用到梅花鹿的起源进化研究中,并取得了一定的成果。文中介绍了梅花鹿线粒体DNA的结构、多态性研究等,综述了线粒体DNA在梅花鹿分子进化中的研究进展,并初步探讨了未来的发展。     

Determination of nucleotide sequence of SRY gene in sika deer (Cervus nippon)

The aim of the present study was to determine the whole nucleotide sequence of the open reading frame of the sex‐determining region Y (SRY‐ORF) in wild sika deer. The SRY gene of wild sika deer was obtained by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with DNA from blood samples. The whole nucleotide sequence of the SRY‐ORF in wild sika deer consisted of 687 bp and encoded 229 deduced amino acids. In comparison with the bovine SRY gene, the percentage of nucleotide sequence homology was 91.0% in the overall ORF, and those of the N‐terminal, high mobility group (HMG) box, and C‐terminal regions within ORF were 88.9%, 96.2% and 87.9%, respectively. The nucleotide sequences of sika deer SRY‐ORF characterized in the present study can be used for phylogenetic analysis or sexing in wild sika deer.     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫双拷贝p33表面蛋白基因在原核细胞中的串联表达

为串联融合表达牛瑟氏泰勒虫(Theileria sergenti)p33表面蛋白,本研究根据GenBank中登录的T.sergenti p33基因序列(D87198),在去掉信号肽的部分设计两对引物。PCR扩增出两段相同的p33基因(p331、p332),大小均为684bp,并将两个基因片段按顺序依次插入原核表达载体pGEX-4T-1中构建pGEX-p331-p332(2p33)。将pGEX-2p33重组质粒转化E.coli BL21中进行诱导表达。经SDS-PAGE电泳显示,该融合蛋白获得了高效表达,分子量约为80ku,表达产物以包涵体的形式存在。Western blot试验表明,融合蛋白可被T.sergenti阳性血清识别,具有较好的反应原性。该蛋白的串联融合表达为T.sergenti新型疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫P33-P23核酸疫苗研究

根据牛瑟氏泰勒虫主要表面蛋白基因p23和p33的已知序列,设计特异性引物,将克隆产物与pVAX1表达栽体连接,得到真核重组表达质粒pVAX1-p33-p23,脂质体介导其转染Hela细胞后进行表达产物的鏊定,最后进行BALB/c小鼠免疫试验.结果,目的基因在真核细胞内得到正确表达,动物免疫试验pVAX1-p33-p23核酸疫苗能够提高小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,并且pVAX1-p33-p23免疫组的免疫效果均高于pVAX1-P33和pVAX1-P23免疫组(P＜0.05).从而证明,牛瑟氏泰勒虫的重组pVAX1-p33-p23核酸疫苗成功构建.     

Detection of Ehrlichia muris DNA from sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan

Ehrlichia muris DNA was detected in the blood of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific PCR based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific PCR based on the 16S rRNA gene. Among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. Deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of E. muris.     

梅花鹿角的生药学研究

本文对药材梅花鹿角进行了生药学方面的研究。结果表明 ,梅花鹿角具有独特的性状特征 ,其公式为 A1P1,A2 P2 ,A3P3。梅花鹿角的显微结构由颓废层、骨密质和骨疏质组成。颓废层均有向内凹陷的窝和管。骨密质由哈佛氏系统组成 ,观察到了暗色带。骨疏质的网眼及骨小梁上首次发现棕色球形物 (直径 1 5～ 50 μm)。粉末中有菊花状等不同形状的骨板碎片、骨疏质碎片和颓废层碎片 ,及成群的棕色球形物     

梅花鹿α干扰素基因在MDBK细胞中表达及抗BVDV活性检测

采用基因工程技术克隆出梅花鹿α干扰素(IFN-α)成熟肽基因序列,并将其定向插入到真核表达载体pcDNA3.0(+),经酶切、PCR及测序鉴定,成功构建了pcDNA3.0-IFN-α真核重组表达质粒。将鉴定正确的阳性重组质粒经非脂质体法转染至MDBK细胞,间接免疫荧光试验检测其具有较高转染效率;Western blot法检测IFN-α蛋白在MDBK细胞中得到有效表达;病变抑制试验检测转染后的MDBK细胞具有明显抗BVDV活性;抗BVDV活性的定量试验表明转染pcDNA3.0-IFN-α质粒的MDBK细胞与感染未转染的MDBK细胞相比抗BVDV活力提高了66192倍。本试验在MDBK细胞中成功表达了梅花鹿IFN-α,并检测出其具有明显抗BVDV作用,这为梅花鹿IFN-α活性机理研究以及开发更高效的抗梅花鹿病毒性疾病干扰素制剂提供物质和理论基础。     

Tick infestation of sika deer (Cervus nippon) in the western part of Yamaguchi Prefecture,Japan

Ticks were collected from 94 sika deer (Cervus nippon) hunted in the western part of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan from August to November 1999, and March to July 2000. Haemaphysalis longicornis and H. yeni were the dominant species from April to August, while H. flava and H. megaspinosa were dominant in October, November and March. This is the first report of H. yeni in the mainland of Japan. Small numbers of H. kitaokai, Amblyomma testudinarium and Ixodes ovatus were also recorded.     

Daily incremental lines in sika deer (Cervus nippon) dentine

This work was designed to observe the dentine incremental lines of the sika deer (Cervus nippon) fawns and to investigate their periodicity using the chronological labeling method with fluorochromes. The incremental lines were observed in decalcified specimens stained by Bodian's silver technique, and the fluorescence-labeled lines were observed in undecalcified and ground specimens. In the silver stained specimens, there were two types of lines, deeply stained thick lines and faintly stained minute regular incremental lines. The intervals and staining intensities of the deeply stained thick lines were very similar to those of the fluorescence-labeled lines in the ground specimens obtained from the same tooth, and hence, it appeared that the both lines were identical. The number of minute incremental lines between the deeply stained thick lines was the same as that of days between the time when each fluorescent labeling injection was made. Therefore, it seemed that each minute incremental line was formed each day. The possibility of age estimation in days using diurnal dentine increments was discussed.     

Sex determination based on fecal DNA analysis of the amelogenin gene in sika deer (Cervus nippon)

A sex determination method using DNA extracted from feces has been developed for sika deer (Cervus nippon). We determined a partial sequence of the amelogenin gene of sika deer, which exists on both X and Y chromosomes with a deletion region on the Y chromosome. Based on the sexually dimorphic sequences, we designed a pair of primers which could amplify DNA fragments the lengths of which are different between males and females. PCR products were detected in 34 out of 37 fecal samples collected from captured deer and the sexes estimated by the present method were perfectly matched with the actual sexes.