5个番石榴品种在南宁地区的引种试种初报

为给南宁地区引进番石榴优良品种并进行规模化推广栽培提供理论依据和技术支撑,对珍珠番石榴、西瓜番石榴、西瓜2号番石榴、红宝石番石榴、水晶无籽番石榴等5个番石榴品种的植株生长表现与植物学特征、农艺性状、果实品质性状进行了对比研究。结果表明,珍珠番石榴、红宝石番石榴、西瓜番石榴丰产稳产、口感酥脆、甜酸适宜、品质优,适合在南宁地区推广栽培。西瓜2号番石榴产量高、果肉嫩滑、口感好,但不耐贮运,水晶无籽番石榴果肉酥脆、甜度适中,但产量低。因此,西瓜2号番石榴和水晶无籽番石榴不建议在南宁地区规模化栽培。     

珍珠番石榴套袋技术

珍珠番石榴是近年从台湾引进的优良新品种。该品种具有一年多熟,早结丰产,果大,肉厚,甜、脆、核少,深受人们喜爱,经济价值极高,极具市场竞争力的优良品种。对珍珠番石榴进行套袋不仅可以使果面洁净、果皮细嫩、果点小,锈斑变浅或无,增加单果重,提高着色率,增进了果实品质,而且更耐储藏和明显减少果园用药次数,降低果实农药残留和生产成本。2003年玉州区城北镇从台湾引进该品种后,几年来大面积推广种植,种植面积100多hm^2,同时辐射带动玉林市的其它各县（市）、区大面积推广种植,     

长沙地区南瓜品种筛选试验

为筛选出适于长沙地区种植的优质、高产南瓜新品种,本研究以17个印度南瓜品种和15个中国南瓜品种进行比较试验,对各品种的基本性状(第一雌花节位、始花期、瓜皮颜色、瓜形、瓜肉颜色、平均单瓜质量、可溶性固形物、单位面积产量等)进行测量、记录和分析。结果表明,绿皮类型的印度南瓜中"DN-1"、"菜用南瓜2号"和"中栗6号"品质表现较好,平均可溶性固形物分别为14.9%、14.6%和14.0%;"菜用南瓜2号"和"中栗3号"产量较高,平均每667 m~2产量分别为2 457 kg和2 135 kg。红皮类型的印度南瓜"京研7号"、"C19红杂2"和"红栗68"品质表现较好,平均可溶性固形物分别为13.5%、13.2%和12.5%;"京研7号"、" C19红杂1"和"红粟68"产量表现较高,平均每667 m~2产量分别为2 492 kg、2 261 kg和2 121 kg。中国南瓜类型的"1号棒棒瓜"和"粉蜜1号" 品质表现较好,平均可溶性固形物分别为12.6%和12.5%;"香蜜小南瓜"、"1号棒棒瓜"和"北蜜2号"产量较高,平均每667 m~2产量分别为3 318 kg、3 150 kg和3 115 kg。研究认为,综合各供试南瓜品质及产量,推荐印度南瓜品种"菜用南瓜2号"、"中栗6号"、"DN-1"、"京研7号"、"红栗68" 和中国南瓜品种"甜蜜小南瓜"、"1号棒棒瓜"、"金圆南瓜"在长沙地区推广种植。     

番石榴主要品种及发展思路

番石榴在闽南俗称“拔仔”,是同安区的主要小水果之一。同安区番石榴品种资源丰富,据1988年调查,本地品种有34个,其中种植面积较大的有吕宋拔、梨仔拔、八月拔等。20世纪90年代又陆续引进台湾番石榴世纪1号、世纪2号、水晶拔、珍珠拔。经过多年的示范推广,栽培面积逐年增加。为促进番石榴生产的发展,现将同安区番石榴主要栽培品种作简要介绍,并提出今后的发展思路。1主要品种1·1吕宋拔叶片长12·0cm、宽6·1cm;果实椭圆形,果顶广圆,单果重150g左右,最大单果重400g;果面光滑,果皮黄绿色、带有红点(胭脂点)或黄点;果肉厚、白色,质地较软,香味…     

青岛地区保护地小果型西瓜品种比较

以9个小果型西瓜品种为试材,在青岛地区的日光温室内对其生物学特性、丰产性、抗病性、商品性和品质等主要经济性状进行了比较试验。结果表明:"朝霞"、"蜜兰"和"金帅"的产量分别比对照"黄小玉"高35.0%、31.3%和27.3%,风味好,耐贮藏,果实商品率分别为93.5%、94.1%和94.5%。其中"朝霞"果肉颜色特殊,为橘红色,具备特殊的推广价值;"金帅"黄皮红肉,商品性好;"蜜兰"果肉金黄色,综合性状较好。因此,"朝霞"、"金帅"和"蜜兰"可以在青岛地区重点推广种植。     

闽南地区彩虹番石榴一年两批反季果生产技术规程

彩虹番石榴在闽南地区种植面积日益增大,现已成为仅次于珍珠番石榴的主栽品种之一.该品种正季果品质较差、易感染炭疽病,是其主要缺点,应用一年两批反季果生产技术,可有效克服以上缺点,提高经济效益.本文从建园、定植、幼树管理、结果树管理和防寒等方面介绍了该生产技术规程,为闽南地区彩虹番石榴产业化生产提供科学指导.     

冀西北坝上地区洋葱引种试验

以引进的6个洋葱品种"红标"、"红珍珠"、"中熟红2号"、"红珍珠2号"、"红峰"、"红姜"(CK)为试材,比较研究了各品种在冀西北坝上地区植株性状、鳞茎性状、抗病性、产量和耐贮运性。结果表明:"红峰"综合性状最好,产量最高,较对照增产29.8%,"红标"次之,增产达14.5%,这2个品种较适宜在冀西北坝上地区大面积推广种植。     

番石榴在潮汕地区的引种表现及发展前景

从1993年至今，潮州市果树研究所引进了台湾新世纪(分圆果型和长果型两种类型)、珍珠和水晶等3个番石榴品种进行栽培性试验，以期为潮汕地区发展番石榴生产提供良种良法。     

珍珠番石榴栽培管理技术

珍珠番石榴是我国台湾培育的水果新品种,在潮州市种植具有粗生快长、产量高、品质好、周年开花结果、易销售、生产成本低、经济效益好等优点,是目前适宜推广的水果优良品种之一。现将珍珠番石榴的关键栽培技术总结如下：     

珍珠番石榴引种观察及高产优质栽培技术

番石榴又名鸡矢果、拔仔,是世界热带与亚热带地区广泛栽培的果树.番石榴果实色泽鲜艳,肉质嫩滑,营养价值高.在广东省潮州市,番石榴主要栽培品种有胭脂红等,胭脂红可分为宫粉红、全红、出世红、大叶红4个品系,单果重最大的品系为大叶红,平均单果重95g,味稍淡,不耐贮运.1999年,我们从台湾省引入了大果、耐贮的番石榴品种--珍珠番石榴,并进行试栽推广,取得了良好的经济效益.     

桃金娘扦插繁育试验

以乡土植物桃金娘为试材,采用正交实验方法,研究了不同浓度IAA、IBA、NAA及扦插基质细沙、红壤、轻基质对桃金娘扦插成活及生根的影响。结果表明:生根剂、生根剂浓度及扦插基质对桃金娘扦插成活及根长有显著影响,对生根数量影响差异不明显,采用IBA处理平均成活率达77.33%,300 mg·L^-1浓度的生根剂平均成活率达69.67%,红壤土平均成活率达79.33%,4号组合IBA+300 mg·L^-1+红壤土扦插成活率为84%,明显高于其它组合(P<0.05),达到了提高扦插成活的目的,值得应用推广。同时,适当的遮阴、消毒和保湿处理有助于促进扦插成活和生根。     

双色木番茄幼苗对弱光的生长响应及综合评价分析

以双色木番茄(Solanum wrightii Benth.)幼苗为试材,采用完全随机处理方式,设置CK全光照环境(natural sunshine,简写NS,100.0%NS,无遮阴网)、46.4%NS(一层遮阴网)、11.8%NS(二层遮阴网)、5.6%NS(三层遮阴网)共4个处理,研究了不同弱光条件下对双色木番茄幼苗生长的影响,以期为双色木番茄幼苗的栽培及推广提供科学依据。结果表明:双色木番茄幼苗的株高、地径、叶面积、生物量、总根长、根尖数、根总体积、根总表面积和根平均直径等生长指标均随着光照强度的减弱,先升高后下降,其中在46.4%NS弱光条件下,双色木番茄幼苗的地径、生物量及根系等生长指标最高,而株高和叶面积在11.8%NS弱光条件下最高,不同弱光处理对双色木番茄幼苗生长指标的影响差异显著;隶属及可塑性分析结果表明,46.4%NS弱光条件下双色木番茄幼苗的苗木质量最佳,双色木番茄幼苗对弱光环境(46.4%NS)具较强的适应能力。综上所述,双色木番茄幼苗具有较强的耐荫性,适度弱光环境(46.4%NS)更有利于双色木番茄幼苗的生长。     

农产品质量安全的影响因素及对策分析

农产品质量安全水平的高低,直接影响农业产业的健康发展。了解农产品质量的影响因素,并提高农产品质量安全是事关人们身体安康及国民经济可持续发展的大事。文章分析了农产品质量的影响因素,并在总结这些因素的基础上提出了提高农产品质量安全的措施。     

Identification of S-haplotypes of European cultivars of sour cherry

The sour cherry is known to exhibit the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility which prevents self-fertilization. In sour cherry, besides self-incompatible cultivars, there often occur self-compatible cultivars. This is due to the occurrence of natural mutations of the S-RNase or SFB genes and, consequently, loss of functionality of S-alleles. Here we present the results of the identification of S-haplotypes of 21 cultivars of sour cherry from various regions of Europe. The analyses were performed using methods based on the amplification of intron I and intron II of the S-RNase gene and fragments specific to the individual alleles of the S-RNase or SFB genes. The tested cultivars were found to contain 15 S-haplotypes: S₁, S_1?, S₄, S₆, S_6m, S_6m2, S₉, S₁₂, S₁₃, S_13?, S₂₆, S₃₅, S_36a, S_36b, and S_36b2. The most frequently occurring S-haplotypes were S_13? (61.9%), S_36a (57.1%), and S₂₆ (47.6%). On the basis of the results, 17 of the 21 cultivars were deduced to be self-compatible. The results will be of use in the production of sour cherry fruit by facilitating the selection of suitable pollinating cultivars. The results are also expected to be useful in the breeding of new cultivars of sour cherry when selecting genotypes for crosses.     

化学药剂对香椿休眠解除的影响及其机理

 采用五元二次正交旋转组合设计, 探索6-BA、GA₃ 、(NH₂) ₂CS、ZnSO₄ 、KNO₃ 对香椿休眠解除的影响, 5 种化学药剂解除休眠的作用依次为ZnSO4 > (NH₂) ₂CS > GA₃ > 6-BA > KNO₃ 。打破香椿休眠的最佳药剂组合是: 6-BA 20 mg/L + GA₃ 180 mg/L + (NH₂) ₂CS 1 % + ZnSO4 0.5 % + KNO₃ 2 %。用上述药剂处理可以使香椿提早23 d 萌芽。     

Ozone forming potential of tropical plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state of India

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are emitted by many plants. In this study, sixty common plant species of the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, India were examined for VOC (isoprene and monoterpene) emissions. Plant species VOC emission rates ranged from undetectable to 75.2 μg g^?1 h^?1. Dalbergia sissoo exhibited a maximum VOC emission rate of 75.2 μg g^?1 h^?1. Ozone forming potentials (OFP) of the sixty plant species were also estimated using the method of Benjamin and Winer (1998). Maximum ozone forming potential of 77 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1 was observed in the case of Mangifera indica. Out of 60 species, 26 species (43.3%) had low OFP (less than 1 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1), 18 species (30%) had medium OFP (less than 1–10 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1) and 16 species (26.7%) had high OFP (more than 10 g O₃ (tree)^?1 d^?1).     

京白梨等品种S 基因型鉴定及新基因S28 和S30 的核苷酸序列分析

 根据梨S基因高度保守区C1和C3区, 设计1对引物P1和P2, 对梨品种的基因组DNA进行S基因特异扩增、克隆、测序, 并在GenBank中BLAST比较, 确定S 基因特异性片段, 对京白梨等6个供试自交不亲和品种的S基因型比对结果为: 白梨中的‘库尔勒香梨’为S₂₁ S₂₈ , ‘苹果梨’为S₁₇S₁₉ ; 砂梨中的‘台湾蜜梨’为S₁₁ S₂₂ ; 西洋梨中的‘葫芦梨’为S_a S_b; 秋子梨中的‘京白’为S₁₆ S₃₀ , ‘早梨18’为S₄ S₂₈。其中S₂₈和S₃₀为首次登录的新S 基因, 在GenBank的登录号分别为AY562394 (库尔勒香梨) 和AY876945 (京白) 。     

金嘴蝎尾蕉切花苞片褐变的控制

 研究了金嘴蝎尾蕉切花最佳采收时期和对其苞片褐变具有良好控制效果的预处理保鲜液及瓶插方法。结果表明: 金嘴蝎尾蕉以中蕾期采收最佳; 整个花枝水平放置, 完全浸泡于500 mg·L ^{- 1} H₃BO₄或500 mg·L ^{- 1} MgSO₄中1 h后, 结合2 mg·L ^{- 1} 6-BA + 200 mg·L ^{- 1} Al₂ ( SO₄ ) 3瓶插保鲜及0.1%聚乙烯醇喷洒花枝, 可显著控制苞片褐变, 保持组织较低水平pH值, 减缓膜透性的上升。其瓶插寿命分别达12 d和11.5 d, 显著高于对照的4 d。     

The effect of organic supplementation of solarized soil on the quality of tomato fruit

Soil solarization, used to control weeds and soil-borne pathogens in hot climates, has not yet been widely adapted as a commercial practice because of its lack of efficacy. Experiments were carried out in southern Italy over two growing seasons to study the effect of three levels (0, 0.35 and 0.7 kg m⁻²) of organic supplementation of the soil prior to solarization on soil mineral availability and fruit quality attributes. Soil temperature and chemical properties were monitored, together with changes in the physical characteristics and chemical composition of tomato fruits grown under commercial greenhouse conditions. Organic supplementation increased the soil temperature achieved through solarization by 3.9 to 5.5 °C. Organic supplementation increased (P ≤ 0.05) the soil concentration of NO₃⁻-N, exchangeable K₂O, Ca²⁺, Na⁺ and Mg²⁺ and the level of electrical conductivity in the soil extract. Physical characteristics of tomato fruits were improved by supplementation, with fresh and dry weight enhanced up to 11 and 21%, respectively, mesocarp thickness up to 19%, firmness up to 36% and skin redness (a^*/b^* ratio) up to 24%. As the supplementation rate was raised from 0 to 0.7 kg m⁻², the fruit content of reducing sugars increased (P ≤ 0.01) from 1.75 to 2.14 g per 100 g f.w., ash from 0.49 to 0.62%, soluble solid from 5.12 to 6.18 °Brix, titratable acidity from 0.16 to 0.19%, and ascorbic acid from 25.1 to 32.5 mg 100 mL⁻¹. We concluded that organic supplementation appears to be a valuable and environmentally friendly way to improve the mineral availability in the soil and improve fruit quality of tomato.     

Comparison of anthocyanins in non-blotches and blotches of the petals of Xibei tree peony

A comparison in non-blotches and blotches of 35 cultivars of Xibei tree peony was investigated to explore flower coloration of Xibei tree peony (the second cultivar group in Chinese tree peony). With high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, six anthocyanins including peonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pn3G5G), peonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pn3G), cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Cy3G5G), cyanidin 3-O-glucoside (Cy3G), pelargonidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside (Pg3G5G), and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (Pg3G) were detected in non-blotches and blotches of petals. Total anthocyanins (TA), total flavones and flavonols (TF), and the copigmentation index (CI) were also analyzed. Cyanidin-based glycosides, which accumulated abundantly at the basal petal, resulted in blotch formation. Some peculiar cultivars with only one kind of anthocyanins or without anthocyanins in non-blotches were found in this study. For example, ‘Feng Zi Xiu Se’, ‘Ou Duan Si Lian’, and ‘Xi Wang’ contained only Pn3G5G; ‘Bing Shan Cang Yu’ and ‘Jin Bo Dang Yang’ contained only Cy3G; while no anthocyanins were found in ‘Bing Shan Xue Lian’. Several cultivars were rich in Pg-based glycosides, such as ‘Ni Hong Huan Cai’, and ‘Ju Yuan Shao Nv’. These cultivars would be excellent parents for creating new cultivars with novel flower color in the future.