甘肃省天祝县白牦牛寄生虫感染情况调查

为明确甘肃省天祝县白牦牛寄生虫感染情况,有效开展白牦牛寄生虫病防治工作,笔者等于2013年6月—2014年4月在天祝县开展了白牦牛寄生虫感染情况调查。通过离心沉淀、饱和蔗糖水漂浮、虫卵计数、贝尔曼幼虫分离等方法,共发现天祝白牦牛有12种消化道寄生虫,其中包括线虫10个属,吸虫2个属。结果提示,天祝县白牦牛寄生虫感染十分严重,虫体种类繁多。     

天祝县高寒牧区牦牛寄生虫病流行情况及综合防治技术

为掌握天祝县牦牛寄生虫病流行情况,于2020年初对天祝县养殖牦牛的重点乡(镇)开展了牦牛寄生虫病流行情况调查,针对放牧和舍饲两种不同养殖方式下的牦牛寄生虫感染情况总结出了切实可行、经济实惠的驱治方案,并在广大农牧区进行了普及推广,取得了良好的效果.     

天祝白牦牛产业发展的调查

白牦牛是天祝县的重要畜牧资源，“世界白牦牛的唯一产地”，“天下白牦牛，唯有天祝有”，这也成为天祝县对外宣传的名片。白牦牛产业是天祝县经济发展的4大品牌、5大特色产业之一。天祝县紧紧抓住国家西部大开发和加入WTO等机遇，大力发展白牦牛产业。本文主要介绍天祝白牦牛的种质特性、发展现状和产业化优势及产业开发的情况。     

天祝县两乡镇天祝白牦牛疫病流行病学调查

天祝白牦牛是中国稀有而珍贵的地方牦牛类群,是经过长期自然选育和人工选育而成的特有畜种.为更好的做好保种选育工作,做好疫病防控是关键的环节.我们选择了天祝县两个白牦牛重点繁育主产乡镇,采取查阅资料、粪便虫卵检查、解剖全身检查、血清学检测等方式作白牦牛疫病流行病学调查,结果显示两个乡镇发生的传染病有5种,体内外寄生虫共22个属(种).     

天祝白牦牛弓形虫感染情况调查

为查明天祝县白牦牛弓形虫感染情况,采用间接血凝试验(IHA)对甘肃省天祝藏族自治县6个采样点共498份白牦牛血清进行弓形虫血清学检测。结果显示:87份待检血清呈阳性,阳性率17.47%,以1～2岁年龄段弓形虫抗体阳性率最高。     

天祝白牦牛肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了了解天祝白牦牛肠道寄生虫感染情况,笔者拟采用离心沉淀法、饱和盐水漂浮法及抗酸染色法对天祝3个采样点共252份白牦牛粪样展开调查。结果显示:天祝白牦牛肠道寄生虫感染率达100%,混合感染率达68.5%。共检出3种肠道寄生虫,以球虫与圆线虫为优势虫种,其感染率分别为75.4%和87%,且犊牛球虫感染率较成年牛高。阳性粪便中虫卵与卵囊均以轻度感染为主。     

天祝县草地资源对白牦牛产业化发展的影响

天祝县是甘肃省重要的畜牧业基地,是白牦牛唯一产地。由于超载过牧,利用不合理,使得天然草原普遍退化,鼠虫害及毒草危害严重,可利用草地质量下降,面积缩小,不仅影响当地草地畜牧业生产,也制约了天祝白牦牛产业化发展。必须通过加强草原保护与建设、扩大人工草地种植面积、加强白牦牛保种选育、提高白牦牛改良选育水平等措施和手段,才能使天祝的畜牧业生产走向持续、稳定和良性循环的轨道,也才能使天祝的白牦牛生产真正走向产业化。     

吐尔尕特口岸区域牛、羊体内寄生虫调查研究

为掌握吐尔尕特口岸区域内牛、羊体内寄生虫情况,采用常规剖检法,对吐尔尕特口岸范围内的6头牦牛、14只绵羊作为调查对象进行体内寄生虫检查,经检查绵羊感染寄生虫13只,从绵羊体内检出寄生虫9种,感染率92.8%,牦牛感染寄生虫6头,牦牛体内检出4种,感染率100%。证明口岸区域内牛、羊寄生虫感染率较高,其中牛、羊棘球蚴、细颈囊尾蚴、肝片吸虫为人畜共患病,对今后进一步加强口岸范围内动物寄生虫病的疫情监测和当地牛羊出口检验检疫工作提供了依据。     

天祝县安远镇白牦牛发展现状与存在的问题

正天祝县安远镇地处天祝县北部,乌鞘岭北麓。海拔2633-3876米之间,属于高寒山区。年平均气温-0.2℃,年降水量600毫米。是白牦牛生长繁殖的理想场所。1发展现状1.1数量安远镇白牦牛存栏约8700多头,是全县白牦牛存栏的22%。以乌鞘岭村、南泥湾村、马家台村存栏数量较大。1.2选育保种2016年底安远镇在乌鞘岭村建立白牦牛核心群3个,311头。白牦牛选育群8个,814头。白牦牛扩繁群11个,1018头。以便更好     

伊维菌素驱治牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫的效果试验

[目的]牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫病是危害广大牧区牦牛的重要寄生虫之一,严重影响牦牛养殖业的发展。为了寻求一种对牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱治效果好的长效、低残留、使用方便的药物。[方法]2018年11月至2019年6月在天祝县毛藏、抓喜秀龙2个乡镇,应用伊维菌素注射液进行牦牛牛皮蝇幼虫驱杀效果试验。[结果]结果表明,长效伊利多使用方便、安全、驱虫效果好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。