陆地棉产量育种动态模型探讨

应用典型相关分析方法,对１２０个陆地棉品系产量构成的三个因素进行分段研究表明,（１）构成皮棉产量的三因素间存在动态平衡,不同组合模式,其产量表现不同。（２）单株铃数、衣分、铃重都存在最佳选择范围,在此范围内容易形成高产皮棉的优化组合。（３）三因素中某一因素的过高选择,会降低另外两个因素的选择动态,不易形成最佳产量组合。     

转基因抗虫棉产量性状的遗传效应及其杂种优势分析

采用加性-显性与环境互作的遗传模型,分析了9个亲本和36个F1的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的两年资料,估算了转基因抗虫棉各项遗传方差和成对性状间各项遗传效应的相关性.结果表明,转基因抗虫棉的产量性状受加性和显性效应共同控制,皮棉产量、铃重和衣分都以基因的显性效应为主,而单株铃数是以加性效应为主,单株铃数和衣分还具有基因与环境互作效应.遗传相关分析表明,转基因抗虫棉的皮棉产量与单株铃数的基因型和表现型相关系数都比较大而且比较接近;皮棉产量与单株铃数、铃重和衣分的加性相关系数都达到极显著水平,而且皮棉产量与单株铃数、衣分的数值比较大.利用亲本和F1的资料预测了F2基因型值和杂种优势,结果表明,转基因抗虫棉F2的皮棉产量、单株铃数、铃重和衣分的群体平均优势分别为4.0%、5.1%、-1.3%和3.2%,群体超亲优势分别为-7.3%、-6.0%、-4.2%和-0.5%.     

DPC与DTA-6复配对转基因抗虫棉产量及品质的影响

 2004—2005年在河北吴桥试验站研究了缩节胺单独使用（DPC）与DTA-6 复配使用（DPC+）对转基因抗虫棉产量、产量构成因素和纤维品质的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,DPC与DPC+均可提高成铃数、铃重和皮棉产量,但DPC+增产效果更明显;两处理对转基因抗虫棉纤维主要品质指标影响不显著。     

陆地棉染色体片段代换系及F1皮棉产量与产量构成因素的相关和通径分析

探讨棉花染色体片段代换系皮棉产量与产量构成因素之间的相关关系,明确其产量育种的主攻方向,以1套陆地棉染色体片段代换系及F1为材料,采用相关与通径分析的方法,对5种环境条件下代换系亲本及F1的皮棉产量与产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明,产量构成因素的变异系数以铃数最大,铃重次之,衣分最小,且F1产量构成因素的变异系数在所有环境下均比代换系亲本要小。铃数、衣分及铃重与皮棉产量均呈正相关,除个别环境外均达到显著性水平,其与皮棉产量的相关和偏相关系数在代换系亲本中以铃数最大,而F1中则以衣分最大。衣分,铃数与皮棉产量的相关程度受环境影响小,而铃重受环境影响较大。除1种环境外,代换系亲本的直接通径系数以铃数最大,衣分次之,铃重最小,而F1中则以衣分最大,铃数次之,铃重最小;代换系亲本中各因素的间接通径系数均为正值,而F1中铃数与铃重相互之间的间接通径系数均为负值。材料类型和环境条件不同,其产量构成因素与皮棉产量的相关程度及贡献大小也存在较大差异。代换系亲本产量育种的主攻目标前期应该重在衣分,后期重在铃数,而F1则始终以提高衣分为主。     

陆地棉品种数量性状的相关遗传力和选择指数分析

以国内外23个陆地棉品种(系)为材料.利用相关遗传力研究了陆地棉数量性状间的相关遗传变异;并分析皮棉产量和产量构成性状各种组合的选择指数.相关遗传力分析结果表明,通过衣分和下部茎粗等性状间接选择单株皮棉产量比直接对单株皮棉产量进行选择效率高.相关遗传力通径分析表明在构成皮棉产量的三要素中,对单株皮棉产量影响最大的是单株铃数,衣分次之,单铃重最小.皮棉产量的选择指数分析也同样表明有效铃、衣分、籽指、单株皮棉重进行组合选择的效率较佳,同时也必须对单铃重进行必要的辅助调节和控制,协调好它们的关系.     

陆海BC4F3和BC4F4代主要农艺性状的相关和通径分析

为了更有效地对棉花农艺性状进行选择,缩短选择育种的年限,通过采用相关、偏相关、通径以及回归分析的方法,研究了陆海高代回交自交后代BC4F3和BC4F4群体的6个农艺性状间的关系。结果表明：铃重、衣分、铃数、果枝数、株高与单株皮棉产量呈极显著正相关,其中铃数是决定单株皮棉产量最主要的因素,在BC4F3和BC4F4代对单株皮棉产量的直接通径系数分别为0.6650、0.6689,其次是铃重和衣分,两者的贡献大小相当;果枝数和株高可以通过铃数对单株皮棉产量起较大的正向促进作用;最优回归方程显示,铃重、衣分、铃数和株高对单株皮棉产量有显著的正向影响。本研究明确了棉花产量育种的主攻方向,为提高棉花选择育种效率和实现高产提供理论指导。     

鲁西地区不同类型土壤对棉花产量及其构成因素与成铃时空分布的影响

为了研究鲁西地区不同类型土壤对棉花产量及其构成因素与成铃时空分布的影响,以自育棉花新品种‘聊棉6号’为试验材料,研究了不同土质对棉花产量构成因素、主要农艺性状以及不同时期不同部位果枝成铃情况的影响。结果表明:壤土土质棉花产量最高,不同类型土壤间皮棉产量与籽棉产量差异显著,成铃数是导致产量差异显著的主要因素,籽棉产量与成铃数呈极显著正相关,皮棉产量与成铃数呈显著正相关;不同类型土壤棉花不同时期成铃数占总铃数的比例均以伏桃最高;棉花6果枝以上成铃数以壤土土质最高,1~10果枝的成铃数占总铃数的68.34%~87.47%,鲁西地区棉株成铃以中下部为主。     

陆地棉产量组分对皮棉产量的遗传贡献分析

采用加性-显性-母性及其与环境互作的遗传模型,对5个陆地棉亲本及其F1代20个组合6个产量组分和皮棉产量的两年资料,利用估算条件方差分量和预测条件遗传效应值的统计方法进行了贡献分析.结果表明,产量组分对皮棉产量表型值的贡献变化范围为-46%～80%;铃数对皮棉产量有很高的显性贡献率(CRD=96%),其次是铃重(CRD=41%);铃数对皮棉产量的母性×环境互作遗传方差贡献率最大(CRME=98%),其次是铃重(CRME=77%)、衣指(CRME=62%)和子指(CRME=42%);铃数对皮棉产量的加性、母性效应贡献因亲本而异;对亲本皮棉产量的母性×环境互作贡献最大的产量组分性状因不同亲本而有所不同,表明各亲本具有其独特的遗传和发育特性,亲本1的铃重对其皮棉产量的母性效应在环境1中有最大的贡献(MEi(C→T)= 5.49 g),在环境2中,亲本3的铃重有最大的母性×环境互作效应贡献(MEi(C→T)=0.71 g),亲本5的铃数具有最大的母性×环境互作效应贡献(MEi(C→T)=0.51 g).多数杂交组合皮棉产量的显性效应主要受铃数和铃重影响,因此铃数和铃重可作为间接选择组合皮棉产量显性效应的指标.     

常规棉与杂交棉产量构成因素的偏相关和通径分析

采用偏相关和通径分析方法,对2004年河南省常规棉和杂交棉区试资料的皮棉产量及其构成因素进行分析.结果表明,皮棉产量构成因素中,无论常规棉和杂交棉,单株结铃数受环境影响最大;对常规棉,单株铃数对皮棉产量作用最大,其次分别是单铃重、衣分;对杂交棉,衣分对皮棉产量作用最大,其次分别是单株铃数、单铃重.据此结果提出常规棉和杂交棉品种选育策略和栽培的主攻方向.     

旱地棉花产量构成因素的通径分析

研讨了旱地棉花产量与其构成因素间的相互关系及各产量因子对皮棉产量相对重要性和决定作用。结果表明，旱地棉田在干旱和雨涝两种不同条件下，其参数显然不同。一般在干旱条件下，皮棉产量与亩铃数关系密切，在主要产量因素中，亩铃数对皮棉产量的相对重要性最大，决定程序也最高；而在雨涝条件下，皮棉产量与衣分相关关系密切，在主要产量因素中，衣分对皮棉产量的贡献最大，决定程序也最高。通过研究，提出了适应不同条件的棉花育     

陆地棉产量构成因素条件变量分析

采用条件变量分析方法,对23个陆地棉品种（系）两年资料的棉花单株产量及其3个组分性状进行了分析,结果表明,单株铃数引起单株产量的变异最大,衣分引起单株产量的变异最小;衣分以外的其他因素与环境的互作对单株产量的影响最大,单株铃数以外的其他因素与环境互作对单株产量的影响最小;不同品种基因型效应不同,不同品种3个组分性状对单株产量的贡献也有所不同。     

Genetic association of cotton yield with its component traits in derived primitive accessions crossed by elite upland cultivars using the conditional ADAA genetic model

Boll number, lint percentage, and boll weight are three component traits for lint yield of upland cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. Selecting high yielding lines or hybrids depends on the ability to dissect the genetic relationship of lint yield with these component traits. In this study, 14 day-neutral lines with desirable fiber quality derived from primitive accessions were top crossed with five commercial cultivars. The F₂ populations and parents were grown in one location in 1998 and two locations in 1999 at Mississippi State, MS. The F₃ populations and parents were grown in two locations in 2000. Lint yield and three component traits were measured and analyzed by the ADAA genetic model with the mixed model based conditional approach. Results showed that boll number or boll number with lint percentage or boll weight contributed to the majority of the phenotypic variance and variance components for lint yield. Boll number was more important than the other two component traits in terms of various genetic effects. The results also showed that the combination of boll number and boll weight greatly increased the contribution to lint yield even though boll weight itself had no significant contribution to lint yield compared to boll number alone. The genetic contribution effects were also predicted due to single component traits or their combinations for parents and crosses. The results revealed that the balanced selection of boll weight and boll number should be considered to obtain high yielding hybrids or pure lines. Contribution of the USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Mississippi Agric. and Forestry Exp. Stn. Mention of trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by USDA, ARS and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products or vendors that may also be suitable.     

衣分不同陆地棉品种的产量及产量构成因素的遗传分析

选用衣分不同的陆地棉品种配置组合,率先将主基因-多基因联合世代分析与双列杂交试验分析相结合,分别从单个和整体基因水平上对棉花产量及产量构成因素进行了遗传研究。对2个高×低衣分组合的主基因-多基因6世代联合分析结果表明,各产量性状至少在1个组合中检测到主基因的存在,说明产量性状主基因存在的普遍性。由2个组合各产量性状的主基因、多基因遗传率比较得出,产量性状的主基因遗传率比多基因遗传率在不同组合间趋势变化相对较稳定;各性状在2个组合中的主基因、多基因遗传率分量不完全相同。衣分、铃重和籽指在2个组合中分别以主基因遗传为主和以多基因遗传为主;子棉产量和皮棉产量在2个组合中均以主基因遗传为主;衣指在组合I中以多基因遗传为主,在组合II中属于典型的多基因遗传;单株铃数在组合I中属于典型的主基因遗传,在组合II中以多基因遗传为主。双列杂交结果表明,陆地棉产量及产量构成因素都有较高的遗传主效应方差,产量性状受加性效应和显性效应共同控制,其中,衣分、衣指以加性效应为主;子棉产量、铃重和籽指以显性效应为主;皮棉产量和单株铃数以加性和显性效应为主。衣分和衣指的普通广义遗传率和普通狭义遗传率均最高,与联合世代分析两性状的总遗传率平均值结果趋势一致。相关和通径分析一致表明,产量构成因素中单株铃数对皮棉产量的贡献最大,衣分次之,铃重最小。     

Identification of QTLs for salt tolerance at germination and seedling stage of Sorghum bicolor L. Moench

Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) hybrids display commercially useful levels of heterosis for lint yield. Cotton lint yield is primarily a multiplicative product of boll number and lint per boll, both of which can be further dissected into sub-components. Relationships among the yield components are complex where they further interact with the environment. To identify different yield components of hybrid cotton lint yield and their relationship with environment, three cotton varieties, DP51, STV474 and LA887 and, their respective hybrids were evaluated for lint yield components across five environments. Heterosis was observed for lint yield as well as yield components. The relationship between heterosis and mean environmental yield was negative for two hybrid combinations, whereas one hybrid showed increased heterosis from low to high yielding environments. Boll number was the major yield component contributing to lint yield. However, yield components contributing to the change in heterosis from low to high yielding environments were different for the three hybrids. The change in lint yield heterosis across environments was correlated with lint per boll and lint per seed for DP51 × STV474 and LA887 × DP51. Whereas, bolls number and boll retention were the main yield components contributing to higher lint yield heterosis of STV474 × LA887 in low yielding environments. Results also reveal effects of parental entries on lint yield as well as relationship of heterosis and environment.     

陆地棉核不育系杂交组合F1经济性状杂种优势及遗传分析

为探究利用陆地棉核不育系配制杂交种在经济性状方面的优势及遗传特点,采用3个陆地棉核不育亲本与4个陆地棉可育亲本不完全双列杂交设计,对12个F1杂交组合及对照经济性状进行表型方差分析,利用加性-显性（AD）模型,对其亲本及12个F1组合进行配合力分析,同时对经济性状进行遗传方差及相关性分析。结果表明,经济性状方面,F1组合竞争优势不明显。不育系2、可育亲本48784特殊配合力和一般配合力均较高,可选作优良杂交亲本;经济性状的加性方差占表型方差比值较大,单铃重、衣分的狭义遗传率在70%以上,早代选择有效;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量的狭义遗传率在25%以上、显性方差占表现总方差的比值达到极显著水平,这3个性状宜在偏晚世代选择,并且有较好的杂种优势利用潜力;除衣分与籽棉产量加性遗传相关不显著、单铃重与衣分加性遗传负向极显著相关外,其他成对性状加性遗传相关均达到了正向显著水平以上;籽棉产量、皮棉产量、霜前皮棉产量之间及单铃重与衣分的显性相关都达到了极显著水平。不育系在棉花杂种优势利用方面具有较大的利用前景。     

Genetic association of yield with its component traits in a recombinant inbred line population of cotton

Lint yield of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is determined by its component traits, boll number, boll weight, and lint percentage. Selecting high yielding lines is based on the ability to manipulate component traits. In this study, 188 recombinant inbred lines and two parental lines were grown in 1999 and 2000 at Mississippi State University. Lint yield and its three component traits were measured and analyzed by an extended conditional mixed linear model approach. Boll number unit-area^–1 made the largest contribution to genotypic and genotype × environment (G × E) variations for lint yield. Both boll number and lint percentage, and boll number and boll weight jointly accounted for more than 70% of the genotypic and G × E variations in lint yield. Ninety-nine percent of the genetic and phenotypic variation in lint yield could be explained by the three component traits, indicating that lint yield was mainly dependent on its three component traits. Small phenotypic variation in lint yield could be accounted for by effects of genotype, G × E interactions of boll number or boll number combined with other component trait(s) (Table 5). For boll number unit-area^–1 a wider distribution of genotypic contribution effects was detected than for lint percentage and boll weight in this study. Boll number and boll weight interacted to affect lint yield, indicating that balanced selection for boll weight and boll number is needed in high-yielding line development. Comparative results with other approaches were also discussed in this study.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged     

棉花产量育种的数量性状分析

产量是棉花育种的主要目标之一，为提高棉花产量育种效率，本文从产量结构模式、产量与其构成因素的相关关系两方面，分析了与棉花产量育种有关的数量性状，并讨论了提高棉花产量遗传潜力的可能性