香菇多糖对肉鸡脾淋巴细胞转化及信息传导的影响

实验研究了香菇多糖对肉鸡脾淋巴细胞转化率及细胞内信息分子一氧化氮(NO)、Ca2 及cAMP、cGMP的影响。发现香菇多糖能剂量依赖性促进脾淋巴细胞转化率及细胞内NO、Ca2 浓度,当作用时间为20min时,能增加cAMP和cGMP浓度,而当作用时间为60min,对cAMP和cGMP浓度无显著影响。以上结果提示,香菇多糖能显著提高脾淋巴细胞免疫功能,其作用是通过改变细胞内信息传导实现的。     

黄芪多糖能促进肉鸡脾淋巴细胞转化率

陈洪亮等研究发现,黄芪多糖能剂量依赖性促进脾淋巴细胞转化率及细胞内NO、Ca2 浓度;当作用时间为20min时,40μg/ml黄芪多糖能增加cAMP浓度,降低cGMP浓度(P<0.01);而当作用时间为60min,对cAMP浓度无显著影响。以上结果提示,黄芪多糖能显著提高脾淋巴细胞免疫功能,其作用是通过改变细胞内信息传导实现的。黄芪多糖能促进肉鸡脾淋巴细胞转化率     

黄芪多糖对小鼠免疫细胞NO-cGMP信号系统的效应

试验观察了黄芪多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞内第二信使分子cAMP、cGMP及分泌NO的影响。结果发现,黄芪多糖以4种浓度(50、100、200及400μg/mL)均可使脾淋巴细胞NO产生增加,其中以200μg/mL作用最明显(P<0.01);黄芪多糖可抑制cAMP产生,促进cGMP生成,从而降低cAMP/cGMP比例。提示,黄芪多糖能显著影响脾淋巴细胞信息传递,其免疫作用可能是通过调节细胞内信号转导实现的。     

黄芪多糖对小鼠免疫细胞信号转导相关分子的影响

为探讨黄芪多糖(APS)免疫调节的作用机理，观察了黄芪多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞一氧化氮(NO)生成、对体外培养的小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞内游离钙离子水平和蛋白激酶C(PKC)活性的影响。结果显示黄芪多糖能明显促进小白鼠腹腔巨噬细胞NO生成，显著升高小鼠脾淋巴细胞内游离钙离子的水平，引起细胞PKC活性明显升高。提示黄芪多糖通过NO介导信号传递通路，调节脾淋巴细胞内游离钙离子的浓度，升高细胞蛋白激酶活性而影响机体免疫细胞的信号转导，发挥其免疫调节作用。     

蕨麻多糖对小鼠免疫细胞信号转导相关分子的影响

以50、100、200、400μg/mL的蕨麻多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞在体外分别孵育4、8、12、24 h,测定了细胞培养液中一氧化氮（NO）、6-酮-PGF1α及血栓素B2（TXB2）的水平和细胞内cGMP的含量,测定了加入蕨麻多糖后2、5、10 min时细胞内游离钙离子（Ca^2＋）的浓度。结果显示,蕨麻多糖能明显促进小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌一氧化氮,显著升高小鼠脾淋巴细胞内cGMP及钙离子的水平,对细胞内TXB2的产生有抑制作用,能够调整花生四烯酸体系向6-酮-PGF1α一端偏移。提示蕨麻多糖能够增强脾淋巴细胞的免疫作用。     

复方中药多糖对体外脾淋巴细胞增殖、NO生成和蛋白激酶G的影响

将5种不同浓度复方中药多糖(CPPS)加入到小鼠脾淋巴细胞中培养48 h,观察CPPS对小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖、对体外培养的脾淋巴细胞中NO的生成和蛋白激酶G(PKG)活性的影响。结果显示,CPPS能显著提高淋巴细胞增殖,显著升高细胞培养液中NO的生成,细胞内PKG活性明显提高,且CPPS、NO和PKG与淋巴细胞增殖有一定相关性。CPPS可能通过NO介导信号通路,引起第二信使环化鸟苷酸(cGMP)生成,从而提高PKG活性促进淋巴细胞的增殖,发挥其免疫调节作用。     

沙葱多糖对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞的调节作用研究

试验研究沙葱多糖（Allium mongolicum regel polysaccharides）对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞增殖及一氧化氮（NO）、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的影响。试验设置不同浓度（0~250μg/ml）的沙葱多糖和不同的作用时间（24、48、72 h），以MTT比色法检测淋巴细胞增殖；以培养24 h的绵羊外周血淋巴细胞为研究对象，以微板法、硝酸还原酶法分别测定NO及iNOS。结果表明，沙葱多糖浓度为50~100μg/ml时抑制淋巴细胞的增殖，当浓度为150~250μg/ml时促进淋巴细胞的增殖，且作用时间为24 h时增殖效果最强。较低浓度的沙葱多糖（50~100μg/ml）抑制淋巴细胞分泌NO，随着浓度的加大，NO分泌量增加。沙葱多糖对淋巴细胞内iNOS 活性没有显著影响（P>0.05）。因此，沙葱多糖能够影响淋巴细胞的增殖，释放 NO 及 iNOS，并且呈现量效和时效关系，说明沙葱多糖对绵羊外周血淋巴细胞具有免疫调节作用。     

猴头菇多糖对小鼠脾淋巴细胞体外NO分泌及iNOS mRNA表达的影响

为了研究猴头菇多糖(Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide,HEP)对小鼠脾淋巴细胞NO生成及iNOS mRNA表达的影响。采用Griess法测定HEP单独或协同ConA诱导脾淋巴细胞分泌NO含量;RT-PCR法检测脾淋巴细胞iNOS mRNA表达量。结果与细胞对照组比较,HEP在25~400μg/m L的浓度范围内能单独诱导脾淋巴细胞NO分泌及iNOS mRNA表达(P0.05);与ConA对照组比较,HEP在100~400μg/m L浓度范围内能协同Con A诱导脾淋巴细胞NO分泌及iNOS mRNA表达(P0.05)。表明HEP能单独或协同Con A诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞分泌NO,此作用可能是通过促进i NOS mRNA表达而实现。     

黄芪多糖对鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内游离钙离子浓度的影响

为进一步探讨黄芪多糖（APS）的免疫调节机制，建立了特异性荧光探针Fura-2/AM测定鸡脾脏淋巴细胞游离钙离子浓度的方法，观察了APS对体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞内游离钙离子水平的影响。结果表明：APS以200μg/ml的终浓度加入体外培养的鸡脾脏淋巴细胞培养液中，可极显著升高细胞内游离钙离子的水平（P＜0.01）。提示黄芪多糖通过调节细胞内游离钙离子的浓度而影响机体免疫细胞的信号转导。     

黄芪多糖分级组分对鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖影响

目的：探讨黄芪多糖分级组分对鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。方法：将黄芪多糖经过不同浓度的乙醇进行分级沉淀,得到3个分级组分：A1、A2、A3;将320只鸡随机分为8组,分别皮下注射A1、A2、A3、A1＋A2、A1＋A3、A2＋A3、A1＋A2＋A3和蒸馏水,每隔7d各组随机捕杀鸡4只,培养脾淋巴细胞,NTT法测定黄芪多糖分级组分对鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的影响。结果：A2、A3、A2＋A3、A1＋A2＋A3能显著促进淋巴细胞增殖。结论：黄芪多糖免疫功能的有效部位为A2、A3,尤以A2作用显著。     

EPA和DHA对断奶仔猪淋巴细胞转化和细胞内信号分子的影响

研究二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)对断奶仔猪外周血淋巴细胞转化及相关细胞内信号分子的影响.结果表明(1)EPA和DHA剂量依赖性地抑制淋巴细胞转化(P ＜ 0.05);(2)EPA和DHA剂量依赖性地刺激一氧化氮(P ＜ 0.001)、环腺苷酸(P ＜ 0.001)和环鸟苷酸(P ＜ 0.001)的产生,提高环腺苷酸/环鸟苷酸比例(P ＜ 0.05);(3)EPA和DHA使细胞内游离Ca2 浓度出现瞬间上升,其上升幅度有明显的剂量依赖关系;(4)EPA和DHA剂量依赖性地抑制蛋白激酶C活性(P ＜ 0.05),而对蛋白激酶A活性无影响.EPA和DHA抑制仔猪淋巴细胞功能,其作用可能是通过改变细胞内信号转导实现的.     

Effects of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicinal Polysaccharides on Immune Signal Molecules Expression in Different MHC B-LβⅡ Genotypes Chickens Lymphocyte

This study was aimed to explore the effect of compound Chinese herbal medicinal polysaccharides (cCHMPS) on immunomodulatory in different MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens.MHC B-LβⅡ genotype was analyzed by PCR-SSCP method in 500 chickens.Collected the blood from different MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens,isolated peripheral blood lymphocytes,and added cCHMPS with the final concentration of 200,100,75,50,25 and 0 μg/mL cocultured for 24 h.Then the lymphocyte supernatant cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS content were detected by ELISA.The results showed that cCHMPS could increase cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels in chicken lymphocyte supernatant compared with control group in each MHC B-LβⅡ genotype chickens.And when the concentration of cCHMPS was 50 μg/mL,cAMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels of AA and BC genotypes chicken lymphocyte supernatant were higher than that of the same genotype chicken,cGMP level of BC genotype chicken lymphocyte supernatant was higher than that of the same genotype chicken;When cCHMPS concentration was 75 μg/mL,cGMP level of AA genotype chicken lymphocyte supernatant was higher than that of the same genotype chicken;When cCHMPS concentration was 100 μg/mL,cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels of BB genotype chicken lymphocyte of the supernatant were higher than that of the same genotype chicken.cCHMPS could increase cAMP,cGMP,Ca²⁺,NO and iNOS levels in different MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes chickens,and the cCHMPS optimum immunomodulatory doses were different in each MHC B-LβⅡ genotypes chickens.     

Effects of various selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors on carbachol-induced contraction and cyclic nucleotide contents in the guinea pig gall bladder

The effects of various selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on muscle contractility and cyclic nucleotide contents in the guinea pig gall bladder were investigated. Various selective PDE inhibitors, vinpocetine (type 1), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA, type 2), milrinone (type 3), Ro20-1724 (type 4), and zaprinast (type 5), inhibited CCh-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. The rank order of potency for the gall bladder was Ro20-1724 > vinpocetine > EHNA > milrinone > zaprinast, which was different from that of the trachea, taenia coli, and aorta. In the presence of CCh (0.3 muM), vinpocetine, milrinone, and Ro20-1724 each increased cAMP content, but not cGMP. By contrast, zaprinast increased cGMP content, but not cAMP, and EHNA increased both cAMP and cGMP contents. These results suggest that vinpocetine-, milrinone-, and Ro20-1724-induced relaxation was correlated with cAMP, zaprinast-induced relaxation was correlated with cGMP, and that EHNA-induced relaxation was correlated with cAMP and cGMP in the guinea pig gall bladder. In conclusion, the effect of PDE inhibitors in the guinea pig gall bladder was different from those in smooth muscles, such as the trachea, taenia coli, and aorta.     

赛拉嗪-咪达唑仑复合麻醉剂对山羊大脑和海马NO/cGMP信号转导系统及神经递质的影响

旨在研究赛拉嗪复合咪达唑仑对山羊的麻醉效果,并检测中枢神经递质及NO/cGMP信号转导系统的变化,为山羊麻醉提供新的方法,并明确该复合制剂的全身麻醉作用机理.山羊肌内注射复合麻醉剂1.31 mL·kg-1,对照组注射生理盐水,观察动物的行为学变化,监测山羊的生理指标并评估麻醉效果,分别于麻醉诱导期、麻醉期、恢复Ⅰ期、恢...     

Effects of smooth and rough Pasteurella haemolytica lipopolysaccharides on plasma cyclic-nucleotides and free fatty acids in calves

The present study examined the potency of smooth or rough Pasteurella haemolytica lipopolysaccharide infusion (LPS, 24 ng kg-1 min-1 for 500 min) on plasma cyclic-nucleotides and several free fatty acids (FFA) in calves. Both smooth or rough LPS increased plasma cAMP immediately to its maximum at 1 h of infusion, whereas plasma cGMP levels rose slowly and peaked 12 h later. The increases in cAMP levels were more prolonged for smooth LPS than rough LPS. The maximum plasma cAMP rise coincided with increases of several plasma FFA. Rough LPS increased plasma oleic greater than palmitic greater than stearic greater than linoleic acids in the second hour and reached their steady state levels between 2 h of infusion and 5 h post-infusion. Thereafter, oleic acid remained maximally elevated, while stearic acid decreased and other FFA returned to baseline. Smooth LPS had no effects on palmitic and stearic acids, but elevated oleic acid in an essentially similar manner to rough LPS and increased linoleic acid initially at 5 h, followed by decreases throughout post-infusion. These results demonstrate that endotoxemia produces early marked elevations in plasma cAMP, a gradual rise in plasma cGMP and disproportionate increases in several plasma FFA. The data also demonstrate that smooth and rough LPS differ in their abilities to increase plasma cAMP and FFA and these may be attributed to differences in their in vivo mechanisms of action. The study suggests that cAMP and cGMP may mediate actions of endotoxin at the cellular level and that differences exist in release and/or utilization of each FFA at different stages of endotoxemia.     

黄芪多糖和香菇多糖对雏鸡Se-GSHPx活性的影响——用SPA-CoA检测16株鱼类致病菌

注射黄芪多糖雏鸡２８日龄后，中枢、外周淋巴器官和主要实持性器官含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ）活性比健康对照雏鸡显著升高（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），１日龄雏鸡注射香菇多糖后Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨＰｘ活性呈现间断性跳跃式升高（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１），两者比较香菇多糖应用初期生物效应优于黄芪多糖，而黄芪多糖应用后期生物效应则优于香菇多糖     

PDE4 and PDE5 regulate cyclic nucleotide contents and relaxing effects on carbachol-induced contraction in the bovine abomasum

The effects of various selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction in the bovine abomasum were investigated. Various selective PDE inhibitors, vinpocetine (type 1), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA, type 2), milrinone (type 3), Ro20-1724 (type 4), vardenafil (type 5), BRL-50481 (type 7) and BAY73-6691 (type 9), inhibited CCh-induced contractions in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the PDE inhibitors, Ro20-1724 and vardenafil induced more relaxation than the other inhibitors based on the data for the IC₅₀ or maximum relaxation. In smooth muscle of the bovine abomasum, we showed the expression of PDE4B, 4C, 4D and 5 by RT-PCR analysis. In the presence of CCh, Ro20-1724 increased the cAMP content, but not the cGMP content. By contrast, vardenafil increased the cGMP content, but not the cAMP content. These results suggest that Ro20-1724-induced relaxation was correlated with cAMP and that vardenafil-induced relaxation was correlated with cGMP in the bovine abomasum. In conclusion, PDE4 and PDE5 are the enzymes involved in regulation of the relaxation associated with cAMP and cGMP, respectively, in the bovine abomasum.     

The effect of steroidal dominance on cAMP, cGMP, progesterone and 17 beta-estradiol levels in the fluid of the largest follicle

Concentrations and mutual correlations of the cyclic adenosin monophosphate (cAMP), quanosin monophosphate (cGMP), progesterone (P4) and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) were studied in the fluid of the largest follicles in cows, in dependence on the steroid dominance: estrogen-dominant (ED), progesterone-dominant (PD) follicles. Mean cAMP and cGMP concentrations in the follicular fluid in the estrogen-dominant follicles were significantly higher than in the progesterone-dominant follicles; in both cases at P less than 0.01. Significant positive correlation between cAMP and cGMP at P less than 0.001 was stated in the evaluation of the correlations. The cAMP and cGMP concentrations were in significantly negative correlations with the P4 concentration at P less than 0.05, or P less than 0.01 and in significantly positive correlations with the E2, at P less than 0.05. The stated correlations suggest a close mutual relation between cyclic nucleotid and E2, or P4 when the follicles' quality changes.     

Effect of Competition on Nitric Oxide, Carbon Monoxide, and Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Levels in Training Horses

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of exercise on nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and cyclic guanosyl monophosphate (cGMP) levels in jumping and dressage horses involved in competition. Blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of 100 horses involved in jumping or dressage competition at three time points: baseline at rest, on reaching the schooling but before exercise, and over a jump or dressage course. Fourteen healthy horses not involved in competition were used as control group. Exercise increased plasma CO concentration in both jumping and dressage horses, and this effect was more apparent in dressage horses. Exercise also increased NO plasma concentration in jumping horses, whereas it did not significantly modify NO plasma concentration in dressage horses. After exercise, plasma cGMP concentration was higher in both groups. Our results show that different signaling pathways are initially activated by exercise and that this activation is specific to the different modes of exercise. This information can be used to optimize warm-up and cool-down procedures for sport horses or to optimize training programs for equine athletes.     

Effects of various selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors on carbachol-induced contraction and cyclic nucleotide contents in guinea pig taenia coli

Effects of various selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on muscle contractility and cyclic nucleotide contents in guinea pig taenia coli were investigated. Forskolin and sodium nitroprusside inhibited carbachol (CCh)-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Various selective PDE inhibitors, vinpocetine (type 1), erythro -9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA, type 2), milrinone (type 3), Ro20-1724(type 4) and zaprinast (type 5) inhibited CCh-induced contraction in a concentration-dependent manner, but the inhibition of milrinone was noticeably smaller than that of the other PDE inhibitors. The rank order of potency was zaprinast > vinpocetine > EHNA > Ro20-1724 > milrinone. In the presence of CCh (0.3 microM), vinpocetine and Ro20-1724 both increased cAMP content, but not cGMP. By contrast, EHNA and zaprinast both increased cGMP content, but not cAMP. Pretreatment with ODQ (30 microM), a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor, decreased the inhibition of CCh-induced contraction by EHNA or zaprinast. Pretreatment with SQ22536 (100 microM), an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor, decreased the inhibition of CCh-induced contraction by vinpocetine or Ro20-1724. In conclusion, it was indicated that vinpocetine- or Ro20-1724-induced relaxation was correlated with cAMP but EHNA- or zaprinast- induced relaxation was correlated with cGMP.