14份蒌蒿种质资源主要农艺性状及营养成分评价

为了综合评价蒌蒿(Artemisia selengensisTurcz.)种质资源的育种价值,对14份蒌蒿种质材料的主要农艺性状和营养成分进行了鉴定。结果表明,14份资源中包括蒌蒿原变种(A.selengensisvar.selengensis)和无齿蒌蒿(A.selengensisvar.shansiensis)两个变种。株高31.04~53.38cm,地上茎节间长2.70~4.16cm、直径0.51~0.61cm,单株分蘖数6.47~14.01个,地上茎产量3.01~6.35kg·m~(-2)、根状茎产量0.26~1.08kg·m~(-2);地上茎干物质含量7.40%~9.60%,蛋白质含量1.83%~2.33%,总糖含量0.46%~0.86%,粗纤维含量0.30%~0.52%。以选育地上茎高产品种为目的时,波阳红梗蒌蒿-3、鄱阳湖野蒿-4是比较适宜的育种材料;以选育根状茎高产品种为目的时,小叶白、小叶青及大叶青为适宜的育种材料。都江堰蒌蒿具有独特的芳香气味,是选育芳香气味浓郁品种的良好材料。     

Establishment and growth of the rhizome of Alstroemeria as affected by temperature and the root system

The effects of temperature and the root system on growth and establishment were assessed for rhizomes of three Alstroemeria cultivars.-The numbers of lateral rhizomes, aerial shoots and tubers produced by rhizome ‘splits’ were not significantly affected by increase in temperature in the range of 8 to 18°C. Significant increases in root system and rhizome dry weight were seen for cv. Butterfly and in aerial shoot dry weight for all three cultivars used. Increasing temperature significantly decreased the number of plants establishing from rhizome ‘splits’ obtained from plants grown in glasshouse soil. For maximum rhizome production a temperature of between 13 and 18°C was found to be required. A second experiment employing rhizome ‘splits’ from container-grown plants showed no effect of temperature on plant establishment. The presence or absence of the rootsystem on the ‘splits’ at planting was found to be important in plant establishment, with removal of the root system producing a significant decrease in the number of plants establishing. It is suggested that the rootsystem, and damage sustained by it prior to planting, are more important than temperature for the successful establishment of plants of Alstroemeria.     

Protocol for rapid propagation,and to overcome delayed rhizome formation in field established in vitro derived plantlets of Kaempferia galanga L.

Single medium based efficient protocol for rapid propagation, and to overcome the delayed rhizome formation in field established in vitro derived plantlets of Kaempferia galanga L. through in vitro rhizome induction was achieved. MS medium with combination of 8.87 μM N⁶-benzyladenine (BA), and 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) induced a mean of 6.2 shoots per explant. Addition of 11.7 μM silver nitrate to 8.87 μM BA and 2.46 μM IBA supplemented medium facilitated the highest number of shoots (mean of 8.3 shoots) as well as roots within 60 days. Subculture of isolated shoots on medium with the same concentration of BA, IBA and silver nitrate increased the number to a mean of 12.1 shoots. Silver nitrate enriched medium developed rhizome at the base of shoots. Increase of sucrose concentration (6–8%) in medium with BA, IBA and silver nitrate favoured the best rhizome development. Ninety five per cent of the plantlets survived in field conditions. The plantlets established in field without in vitro developed rhizome (from medium with BA and IBA) did not form rhizome even at 7 months after transplantation. Instead, they developed tuberous roots only. The plantlets with in vitro developed rhizome (on medium having BA, IBA, silver nitrate, and 6–8% sucrose), and that established from conventional way (through splitting of old rhizome) showed no difference in growth of the rhizome. The present study emphasizes the efficacy of silver nitrate and sucrose to develop rhizome in vitro, which enabled to overcome the delayed development of rhizome, and reduced yield of plantlets established in field without in vitro developed rhizome.     

Transplanting Gladiolus plants propagated in vitro

In vitro propagated Gladiolus plantlets cultivar ‘Eurovision’, subcultured to a pretransplanting low-mineral and sucrose medium under high irradiance flux, developed functional roots, and after transfer to non-aseptic conditions, continued to grow without becoming dormant.Transplanted plantlets, after hardening, produced larger-size plants and cormlets (small corms) under non-aseptic conditions than formed in vitro, thus shortening the time for the propagation of large-size cormlets.     

6-Benzylamino purine stimulates in vitro shoot organogenesis in Eucalyptus erythronema, E. stricklandii and their interspecific hybrids

In vitro bud and shoot organogenesis was investigated for the ornamental plants Eucalyptus erythronema var. erythronema, E. stricklandii and their interspecific hybrids cv. ‘Urrbrae Gem’ and ‘Hybrid 2.5’ by using 0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 μM BAP on apex and leaf explants. Callus developed on all explants and increased with all concentrations of BAP without significant differences between BAP concentrations. Buds formed on apex and leaf explants of E. erythronema and E. cv. ‘Urrbrae Gem’ especially with 1.0 μM BAP, but these buds rarely developed into shoots. Bud clusters formed on E. erythronema and E. cv. ‘Urrbrae Gem’ apex and leaf explants whereas E. stricklandii and ‘Hybrid 2.5’ produced fewer, individual buds on the explant. Shoots regenerated from apex explants of all genotypes with all levels of BAP, whereas few shoots of any genotype regenerated from leaf explants regardless of the number of buds formed. Shoots from apex explants could be multiplied successfully. Light microscopy showed meristems developed within the callus, and at the callus and bud surfaces. However, few shoots developed considering the level of bud and meristem formation. This report is the first for successful shoot organogenesis and multiplication in an ornamental eucalypt.     

60Co-γ辐射对切花菊试管苗的诱变效应

以‘神马’和‘长紫’两个切花菊品种的生根试管苗为试材,用60Co-γ射线进行辐射,设0（对照）、10、15和20 Gy等4个剂量处理,处理后以茎段和叶片为外植体进行离体培养,分析辐射对腋芽发生率、愈伤组织诱导率和分化率的影响,统计M1代田间主要性状及变异情况。结果表明：γ射线对试管苗茎段和叶片的愈伤组织诱导及分化有明显抑制作用,随着辐射剂量的增加抑制作用加强。不同品种、不同外植体对辐射的敏感程度都存在差异。茎段较叶片更适合做辐射后组培的外植体。‘长紫’M1代株高降低,花径减小;而‘神马’在株高和花径出现略微增加的趋势。茎段和叶片的再生植株田间主要性状的变异程度大于腋芽的再生植株。‘长紫’在花色和瓣形上的变异率高于‘神马’。     

Plant regeneration from protoplasts of calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.)

Diploid callus cells arose from the hypocotyl region of plantlets differentiated by anther culture of Calamondin (Citrus madurensis Lour.). The callus grew vigorously on Murashige and Tucker's medium containing 10 mg l⁻¹ benzyladenine, and differentiated embryoids on a medium with 5% lactose and no plant growth regulators. This embryogenic potential was transferred to protoplasts which regenerated plantlets.

Preculture of callus in liquid medium containing 5% lactose, for 4–7 days prior to protoplast isolation, effected a high yield of protoplasts. Plating efficiency was increased in a medium solidified with agarose and/or layered with liquid medium.     

The influence of apical dominance on the in vitro multiplication of the rhizome of Alstroemeria

The effects of mechanical and chemical methods of removing or reducing apical dominance on the multiplication of Alstroemeria cultivars grown in vitro were assessed. Subculture of rhizome explants without aerial shoot or rhizome apices and of rhizome explants divided into single internodes with or without aerial shoots, significantly enhanced rhizome multiplication. Subculture of rhizome explants with only the aerial shoot or rhizome apices removed produced no significant differences. Addition of the plant growth regulators T1BA, thidiazuron, NAA, GA3 and paclobutrazol to culture media, with or without BAP, did not significantly change the numbers of lateral rhizomes, shoots or roots produced. Paclobutrazol, however, extensively changed explant morphology.     

分蘖洋葱茎尖愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

 阿城紫皮分蘖洋葱鳞茎茎尖愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS + 2 ,4-D 2. 0 mg·L^-1 + KT0. 5 mg·L^-1最佳, 出愈率为100 %; 分化培养基以MS + NAA 0. 1 mg·L^-1 + BA 0. 4 mg·L^-1最佳,分化率为88. 3 % , 平均成苗数为10. 2 ; 生根壮苗最佳培养基为1/ 2 MS + PP3330. 1 mg·L^-1+NAA 0. 01 mg·L^-1 + IBA 1. 5 mg·L^-1, 生根率100 % , 移栽成活率达100 %。     

Propagation of hyacinths by tissue culture

Sterile tissue from most parts of the hyacinth will regenerate plantlets in vitro. Bulbscale and basal plate tissue require no added growth substances but leaf, stem and ovary tissue respond to low concentrations of the auxins indolyl-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-napthylacetic acid (NAA).At higher concentrations of NAA, plantlets are replaced by callus from which plantlets may be regenerated. In vitro plantlets may be split into two halves each of which regenerates a whole plantlet on sub-culture; this process may be repeated at intervals of 8–12 weeks throughout the year.The efficiency of in vitro propagation compared with conventional methods is discussed.     

‘罗田甜柿’胚乳培养获得十二倍体再生植株

 取‘罗田甜柿’自然授粉后约70 d 的胚乳, 采用不同细胞分裂素和生长素组合进行离体培养。结果表明: 以1/ 2MS (1/ 2N ) + ZT (玉米素) 1.1 mg/ L + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/ L + CH (水解酪蛋白) 1000mg/ L 诱导产生的愈伤组织易获得再生植株; 形态学和细胞学检测确认再生植株中存在2n=12x=180 的个体。该十二倍体植株对中国原产甜柿的遗传改良可能具有潜在的应用价值。     

Plant regeneration from in vitro cultured leaves of Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor)

Lanzhou lily (Lilium davidii var. unicolor) is one of the best lilies which are edible in China but the efficient shoot regeneration system has not been developed. The purpose of the present study is to establish an efficient and reproducible protocol for induction of shoots in vitro from L. davidii var. unicolor leaves. Shoot regeneration from in vitro cultured leaves of L. davidii var. unicolor was tested on the 26 media based on NN [Nitsch, J.P., Nitsch, C., 1969. Haploid plants from pollen grains. Science 163, 85–87] basal medium, containing different concentrations of thidiazuron (TDZ) in combination with different concentrations of α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoot organogenesis occurred directly from the leaves without forming callus. Shoot regeneration mainly occurred from the cuts across the midvein and the base of the leaf explants. The highest frequency of regeneration (93.3%) and the largest number of shoots per leaf (3.83) were obtained on NN basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l⁻¹ TDZ and 1.0 mg l⁻¹ NAA. All the regenerated shoots formed complete plantlets on half-strength MS [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 15, 473–497] basal medium containing 0.1–0.5 mg l⁻¹ indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) with in 30 days, and 92% of the regenerated plantlets survived in the soil. This study will be useful for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and exploitation of somaclonal variation of Lanzhou lily.     

紫外线辐照对马铃薯茎段愈伤组织及其再生植株的影响

用紫外线和低温处理马铃薯试管苗茎段,然后观察其再生过程,记载试管苗的生长速度、生长形态等及棚栽苗和扦插苗的生长特点并测定其生理指标,研究紫外线和4℃低温对大西洋马铃薯茎段组织的影响。结果表明,紫外线和4℃低温能够渗入生长点细胞;显著降低愈伤组织的生长势,诱导再生植株及其组织器官发生变异;证实紫外线照射4 min以上或紫外线照射3 min＋4℃处理1个月对马铃薯具有明显的诱变效应。     

In vitro organogenesis of Abutilon indicum (L.) Sweet from leaf derived callus and assessment of genetic fidelity using ISSR markers

This study reports on in vitro regeneration of Abutilon indicum plantlets through callus mediated organogenesis. The leaf explants implanted on Murashige and Skoogs (MS) medium supplemented with 4.52 µM 2, 4-Dicholorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 8.88 µM 6 Benzyladenine (BA) showed highest response (70.3%) for callus proliferation, but these callus did not showed any morphogenetic differentiation on the same medium even after 12 weeks. Whereas, subsequent sub-culture of this green proliferated callus on MS medium added with 2.68µM α-Napthalene acetic acid (NAA), 8.88µM BA and 543 µM Adenine sulphate showed the highest frequency (62.2%) of multiple shoot-buds production and also elongation of shoots. Well developed shoots were efficiently rooted in vitro on half strength MS medium supplemented with 7.38 µM Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Seventy per cent of in vitro regenerated plantlets were successfully established in garden and were morphologically alike to the donor plants. The genetic homogeneity of these in vitro regenerated plantlets was also affirmed by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) analysis using eight ISSR primers. This standardised in vitro organogenesis protocol supplements a good platform for the conservation of A. indicum germplasms and also caters for the needs of the herbal industry.     

瓜叶菊耐热无性系离体筛选初步研究

以编号为B₁ 、N₁ 、Z₁的瓜叶菊增殖期的愈伤组织和丛生芽为材料,用高温胁迫和羟脯氨酸 (HYP)分别作为直接和间接选择压,进行了瓜叶菊耐热无性系的离体筛选研究。结果表明：⑴ 离体直接筛选的适宜选择压为40℃16-20 h,HYP)间接筛选的适宜浓度为30m mmol·L-¹;⑵ 经过直接选择、HYP与高温胁迫结合多次筛选获得了Z_1-1-1和 N_1-2-1 两个耐热无性系;⑶ Z_1-1-1 与对照母株Z1在叶片厚度、气孔指数、栅栏组织厚度/海绵组织厚度(TPT/TST)方面存在显著差异,成年植株Z1-1-1 和Z1在花的育性上也差异明显,Z₁结实率85%以上,而Z_1-1-1在人工授粉的情况下结实率也仅1.0%;N_1-2-1和其对照母株N1在形态和花的育性上没有明显差别;⑷ 在40℃24 h胁迫后,Z_1-1-1和 N_1-2-1的热害指数、细胞丙二醛含量、电解质伤害性外漏率都低于其对照母株,而POD、SOD活性明显高于其对照母株。     

Response of gladiolus (Gladiolus spp) plants after exposure corms to chitosan and hot water treatments

The state of Morelos, Mexico has gradually become an important producer of gladiolus. Some preconditioning treatments of corms are empirically done causing uneven emergence and low quality of flowers. In this investigation, before planting, gladiolus corms var. ‘Blanca Borrego’ were dipped in chitosan (chitosan reagent and commercial chitosan Biorend^®), in hot water at various temperatures and in treatments combined with Biorend^® at 1.5% and hot water. Results indicated that the most influenced variables were corm germination, number of flowers per spike, number of cormlets and vase life. Overall, the commercial product Biorend^® at 1.5% accelerated corm emergence in approximately 4 days, the number of flowers increased by 2–7 and the vase life extended for 3 days. The number of cormlets was also duplicated. Corms dipped in the commercial chitosan Biorend^® at 1.5% at different intervals of time were not greatly affected except for the emergence and number of cormlets. However, for this experiment there were significant effects on the number of leaves and flowers because of the interactions between chitosan and the immersion time. The temperature of 55 °C affected plant development because emergence was delayed by 6 days; and there were less number of leaves, flowers and cormlets. On the other hand, the incidence of Fusarium oxysporum in naturally infected corms was 0% at temperatures of 55 °C and 50 °C. Immersion times (0, 10, 15 and 20 min) in hot water at 50 °C did not show significant effects on plant development and vase life. Corms dipped in Biorend^® at 1.5% and hot water at 50 °C accelerated their emergence for about 1–7 days, the number of flowers increased by two, extended the storage life for 1–3 days and increased the number of cormlets. The integration of these two treatments -Biorend^® and hot water- might be a good option for increasing the gladiolus plant quality and vase life.     

Influence of Different Soilless Substrates to Morpho-physiological Characteristics and Yield Relations in Strawberries

Some of the advantages of soilless production systems over conventional systems are higher yield, better pest control management and more efficient labor use. Among berries, strawberry responds quite well to soilless production systems. Major yield-affecting factors for strawberries in soilless systems may be listed as; growing medium, source and types of plantlets, density of plants and efficiency of fertigation system. The present research was conducted with strawberry plants (Fragaria x ananassa ‘Camarosa’) grown in four different media; (1) Cocopeat (C), (2) Peat (P) and (3 and 4) 1:1 mixtures with Pumice (Pu), to evaluate the effects of soilless media on marketable yield and root-shoot morpho-physiological parameters. Correlation measurements were made to assess if there is any interaction between yield and any tested morpho-physiological feature. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse, using frigo plantlets (11.6 plantlet/m²) planted in July and through 1 June of following year. Results showed that growth medium had an effect on yield, numbers of developed leaves, shoot-root dry mass, number and length of roots. Yield was correlated with these morphological features. Growth medium also had an influence on plant nutrient accumulations i.?e., shoot accumulation of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and root accumulation of phosphorus (P) and all the micro-nutrients that with exception of boron (B). There were some interactions between yield and plant nutrient content of tissues determined by correlation analyses. The most striking were negative correlations with yield and shoot N–K amounts and positive correlation with yield and root P amount. Some positive correlations were also found between yield and copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) contents of both shoot and root tissues. Boron (B) contents was correlated only with the root tissues. The medium which had the best overall performance for soilless strawberry production was C?+?Pu and should be recommended to be used with frigo plantlets of ‘Camarosa’.     

Adventitious shoot regeneration in a bioreactor system and EST-PCR based clonal fidelity in lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.)

Adventitious shoots were regenerated from leaf explants of three lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.) clones: ‘QB1’, ‘QB2’ and ‘PB1’ by culturing on a gelled basal medium (BM) with 2.3–4.5 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) for four weeks followed by in a bioreactor system containing the same liquid medium but with 1.2–2.3 μM TDZ for another four weeks. Young expanding basal leaf segments with the adaxial side touching the culture medium and maintained for two weeks in darkness, produced the best results. Callus development and shoot regeneration were genotype dependent. Adventitious shoots were elongated in the liquid BM with 1 μM zeatin and rooted on a three peat: two perlite (v/v) medium. Acclimatized plantlets were grown actively in the greenhouse with an apparent normal leaf and shoot morphology. Ten random ‘QB1’ regenerated plants were screened using 14 expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) markers and showed similar monomorphic amplification profiles confirming clonal fidelity of in vitro-derived ‘QB1’ plants. Results obtained suggested the possibility of adventitious shoot regeneration and true-to-type lowbush blueberry micropropagation using a bioreactor system combined with gelled medium.     

笋子芥产量与主要农艺经济性状的关系

为给笋子芥育种选择提供科学依据,采用灰色关联度分析、相关分析与通径分析对18份笋子芥种质资源肉质茎产量与10个农艺经济性状的关系进行研究。结果表明,笋子芥种质资源具较大遗传差异,各性状变异系数变化范围为8.76%~40%;肉质茎产量与叶鲜质量、营养生长期、开展度、肉质茎横径、茎/叶、最大叶叶长的灰色关联度较大,基本上呈显著或极显著正相关,其中,与叶鲜质量、营养生长期、肉质茎横径、开展度的相关系数较大,分别为0.936、0.933、0.865、0.858。叶鲜质量对肉质茎产量的直接效应(0.43)和总效应(0.936)均最大,是影响肉质茎产量最重要的性状,各性状对肉质茎产量直接作用大小依次为:叶鲜质量>茎/叶>肉质茎横径>肉质茎纵径>营养生长期>茎形指数>最大叶叶长>株高>开展度>最大叶叶宽。综上所述,笋子芥丰产性育种应在增大叶鲜质量的基础上,选择茎/叶较高、肉质茎横和纵径较大以及营养生长期较长的品种,改良效果较好。