犬瘟热病毒受体研究进展（英文）

犬瘟热（CD）是由犬瘟热病毒（CDV）感染引起的一种传染病。CDV可感染多种动物,并且给犬业和其他毛皮动物产业造成巨大的经济损失。CDV的受体是与CD发病机制密切相关,主要是SLAM（信号淋巴细胞活化分子）和PVRL4（脊髓灰质炎病毒受体样蛋白4,又称连接蛋白4）。除了这两种受体外,CDV还可能通过其他受体感染动物。本文就CDV感染受体的研究进展进行总结,以期更好地了解CDV的发病机制。     

犬瘟热病毒感染机制及其诊断方法研究进展

本综述介绍了犬瘟热病毒的6种结构蛋白N、P、L、F、H和M蛋白在病毒入侵宿主和宿主细胞内繁殖的功能;简要描述了犬瘟热病毒入侵动物机体感染传播的机制,其中细胞受体SLAM和PVRL4解释病毒的趋向性;介绍了临床诊断、试验动物法、血清学方法和核酸诊断等鉴别诊断犬瘟热的方法及其优缺点.通过系统了解犬瘟热病毒的感染途径及其诊断方法,有助于发现控制犬瘟热病毒传播的新方法.     

犬瘟热病毒引起啮齿类动物肥胖症的机制研究进展

在过去的30年中,已报道8种病原体可引起人和动物的肥胖,其中犬瘟热病毒是首个报道的可引起动物肥胖症的病毒。研究发现感染犬瘟热病毒的啮齿动物后期表现为病态肥胖。早期犬瘟热病毒的复制对感染鼠下丘脑造成不可逆的损伤,感染鼠表现为体重增加、脂肪细胞增大、体内瘦素受体表达水平下降、黑色素浓集激素前体(ppMCH)mRNA水平下降,高胰岛素血症,儿茶酚胺水平降低,这些因子与机体的食欲增强和(或)能量消耗减少有密切关系,与肥胖症的特征相一致。论文综述了有关犬瘟热病毒引起啮齿类动物肥胖症机制的研究进展。     

犬瘟热临床病理学和SLAM细胞受体的研究进展

<正>犬瘟热是一种危害宠物饲养业、野生动物保护业,以及水貂、狐狸、貉等毛皮动物养殖业的重要传染病,发病率和死亡率较高。本文从临床病理学、细胞受体等方面对犬瘟热病毒的研究进展进行了综述。犬瘟热(Canine Distemper,CD)是由犬瘟热病毒(Canine Distemper Virus,CDV)感染引起的犬科、鼬科和其他食肉目动物的急性或亚急性、高度接触致死性传染病,对当前养犬业、特种经济动物养殖业和野生动物保护业危害巨大。1905年卡尔(Carre)发现其病原为一种病毒,所     

犬瘟热的研究进展

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒（CDV）引起的高度接触性传染病,危害极大。CDV结构蛋白的一些特性决定着它的感染力,同时其细胞受体也在感染中起关键作用。CDV感染引起动物上皮细胞、淋巴细胞病变和神经系统损伤,由此出现犬瘟热特征性症状。CDV血清学检测是当前临床上最常用、最主要的确诊方法,     

犬瘟热的流行及发病特点

犬瘟热（CD）是由犬瘟热病毒（CDV）感染引起的急性、高度接触性传染病。犬瘟热病毒在分类上属于副粘病毒科,是单股的RNA病毒,外面有一脂蛋白囊膜。犬瘟热病毒的自然宿主是犬科动物和鼬科动物。感染犬临床表现为呼吸道和消化道症状,也常见神经症状。本病在世界范围内流行,是当前世界养犬业乃至毛皮动物养殖业和野生动物保护方面危害最大的疾病之一。     

犬瘟热的研究进展

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的高度接触性传染病,危害极大。CDV结构蛋白的一些特性决定着它的感染力,同时其细胞受体也在感染中起关键作用。CDV感染引起动物上皮细胞、淋巴细胞病变和神经系统损伤,由此出现犬瘟热特征性症状。CDV血清学检测是当前临床上最常用、最主要的确诊方法,分子生物学诊断方法也越来越显示出很多     

犬细小病毒病继发犬瘟热的诊治

犬细小病毒病和犬瘟热是分别由犬细小病毒和犬瘟热病毒引起的一种致死性、高度接触性传染病。临床上两者混合感染的病例并不少见,一旦出现混合感染,治愈率将大幅度降低。2012年,北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心诊治的231例犬细小病毒病例中有5例中后期继发感染犬瘟热[1]。现将北京市昌平区动物疫病预防控制中心近期诊治的1例两者混合感染病例进行介绍。     

犬瘟热研究进展

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的一种高发传染病,宿主范围包括大部分食肉目动物。犬瘟热病毒可以感染不同器官和组织的上皮细胞、间质细胞、神经内分泌细胞及造血干细胞,引发全身型或神经型的临床过程,并在中枢神经系统和淋巴组织中形成持续感染,免疫抑制和脱髓鞘性脑脊髓炎是代表性的病症,而淋巴细胞介导的细胞毒性作用的缺乏则与病毒在中枢神经系统的持续感染有关。犬瘟热发病机制与病理学的研究对于犬瘟热的免疫预防和临床诊治有重要的意义。     

犬瘟热的临床调查

犬瘟热（canine distemper，CD）是由犬瘟热病毒（CDV）引起的一种高度接触性传染病。分布于世界各地，我国近年来发生有增长的趋势。该病的传染性强，发病率高，临床症状多样，容易继发其他细菌、病毒的混合感染和二次感染，死亡率可高达80％。另有研究表示，除犬科动物外，鼬科、玩熊科及大熊猫科等动物也可感染发病。本文通过调查研究以及临床实践，对犬瘟热发病调查结果以及诊断和防治方法进行阐述。     

Cell-mediated immunity and age at vaccination associated with measles inoculation and protection of dogs against canine distemper.

The antibody-mediated immune response (AMIR) of dogs to measles and canine distemper viruses has been described. However, there is little information on the cell-mediated immune response (CMIR). The AMIR and the CMIR of dogs to canine distemper and to measles were examined. The CMIR was determined for 6 weeks by measuring the 3H-thymidine uptake by immune lymphocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test. Concurrently, canine distemper and measles virus serum-neutralization antibodies were measured by a microtitration serum-neutralization test. Dogs vaccinated with canine distemper virus had a CMIR and an AMIR to canine distemper. However, measles virus-vaccinated dogs had only a CMIR to canine distemper. A CMIR in the absence of an AMIR indicates that cell-mediated immunity is the most important immune mechanism in protecting measles virus-vaccinated dogs against canine distemper. Development of CMIR and AMIR to canine distemper and measles antigens depended on the age of the dog at the time of vaccination. Adult and juvenile dogs had immune responses to both canine distemper and measles. Neither virus, however, elicited an immune response in neonates.     

Phylogenetic analysis of Austrian canine distemper virus strains from clinical samples from dogs and wild carnivores

Austrian field cases of canine distemper (14 dogs, one badger [Meles meles] and one stone marten [Martes foina]) from 2002 to 2007 were investigated and the case histories were summarised briefly. Phylogenetic analysis of fusion (F) and haemagglutinin (H) gene sequences revealed different canine distemper virus (CDV) lineages circulating in Austria. The majority of CDV strains detected from 2002 to 2004 were well embedded in the European lineage. One Austrian canine sample detected in 2003, with a high similarity to Hungarian sequences from 2005 to 2006, could be assigned to the Arctic group (phocine distemper virus type 2-like). The two canine sequences from 2007 formed a clearly distinct group flanked by sequences detected previously in China and the USA on an intermediate position between the European wildlife and the Asia-1 cluster. The Austrian wildlife strains (2006 and 2007) could be assigned to the European wildlife group and were most closely related to, yet clearly different from, the 2007 canine samples. To elucidate the epidemiological role of Austrian wildlife in the transmission of the disease to dogs and vice versa, H protein residues related to receptor and host specificity (residues 530 and 549) were analysed. All samples showed the amino acids expected for their host of origin, with the exception of a canine sequence from 2007, which had an intermediate position between wildlife and canine viral strains. In the period investigated, canine strains circulating in Austria could be assigned to four different lineages reflecting both a high diversity and probably different origins of virus introduction to Austria in different years.     

Immunohistochemical demonstration of the putative canine distemper virus receptor CD150 in dogs with and without distemper

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) or CD150 can function as a receptor for the canine distemper virus (CDV) in vitro. The expression of SLAM was studied using immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of the receptor in dogs in vivo. Additionally, receptor expression was assessed after experimental infection of dogs with CDV. In 7 control dogs without distemper virus, the receptor was found in various tissues, mostly on cells morphologically identified as lymphocytes and macrophages. In 7 dogs with early distemper lesions characterized by presence of the virus, higher numbers of SLAM-expressing cells were found in multiple tissues recognized as targets of CDV compared with those in control dogs. These findings suggest that SLAM, a putative distemper receptor, is expressed in dogs in vivo. Additionally, virus infection is associated with up-regulation of SLAM, potentially causing an amplification of virus in the host.     

Seroconversion of puppies to canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus: a comparison of two combination vaccines

Sixty puppies were randomly assigned to receive one of two commercially available combination vaccines, and responses to the canine parvovirus and canine distemper virus components of the vaccines were determined by measuring serum antibody titers. The percentage of puppies that seroconverted to canine parvovirus was significantly higher and the mean time for seroconversion was significantly shorter for puppies that received one of the vaccines than for puppies that received the other vaccine. Percentages of puppies that seroconverted to canine distemper virus were not significantly different.     

Canine distemper viral inclusions in blood cells of four vaccinated dogs

Four cases of canine distemper were detected by the presence of numerous cytoplasmic inclusions in various circulating blood cells. Fluorescent antibody techniques and electron microscopy confirmed the identity of the viral inclusions. The cases occurred in the same geographic area and within a short time span. All four dogs had been vaccinated against canine distemper, but stress or other factors may have compromised their immune status. The possibility of an unusually virulent virus strain was also considered.     

Experimental and naturally occurring transplacental transmission of canine distemper virus

In the present study, 2 different effects of experimentally induced infection with virulent canine distemper virus (CDV) on pregnant CDV-susceptible dogs were studied. In 1 bitch, abortion occurred 7 days after viral inoculation and there was no evidence of fetal infection. Another bitch had subclinical infection and delivered 3 CDV-infected pups. Sequential clinical, immunologic, and virologic studies of a litter of gnotobiotic pups (3rd bitch) that were congenitally infected with CDV demonstrated the heightened susceptibility to CDV in the neonatal period. The data presented add canine distemper to the list of transplacental infectious diseases in the canine species.     

Simultaneous Growth of Rabies and Canine Distemper Viruses in Chick Embryos

Rabies virus and canine distemper virus were grown simultaneously, and possibly symbiotically, in the same chick embryos. There seemed to be no adverse effect on either virus when cultured in such manner.

Bivalent vaccines for rabies and canine distemper were produced. The potencies and the virus titers of such vaccines were comparable to those of rabies vaccine and canine distemper vaccine produced separately.

     

Immunoperoxidase study of canine distemper virus pneumonia

Forty-two cases of canine pneumonia were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus. For that purpose canine distemper virus inclusion bodies were located. The histopathological lesions were related to the presence of canine distemper antigen, as demonstrated with an immunoperoxidase technique. This technique was more sensitive for detecting canine distemper infection in lung tissue than was the study of inclusion bodies. Attention was also paid to combined infection with canine adenovirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica.     

Research Progress on Diagnostic Technique of Canine Distemper

In recent years, canine distemper is a serious damage to health development of dog and fur animal breeding industry.Fast and accurate diagnostic technique is particularly important for canine distemper prevention.At the present stage, canine distemper diagnostic techniques mainly include virus isolation, culture and microscopy observation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunohistochemistry, immune colloidal gold technique, nucleic acid hybridization technique, nested RT-PCR, Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, double PCR, gene chip technology, liquid phase chip technology, loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology, and so on.The key of isolation, culture and microscopy observation of canine distemper virus is to obtain a susceptible cell lines that can produce typical CPE.We review research progress on diagnostic techniques of canine distemper, so as to provide simple and highly effective detecting technique for preventing and controlling epidemic and outbreak of canine distemper.