莱芜黑山羊松果体超微结构及5-羟色胺分布的季节性变化

应用5-羟色胺(5-HT)免疫组织化学方法和电镜技术,对莱芜黑山羊4个季节的松果体进行了研究.结果显示:(1)松果体内有大量5-HT阳性的松果体细胞及纤维;(2)松果体5-HT免疫阳性细胞面积以冬季最大,且与其他3个季节差异极显著(P<0.01);夏季最小;春秋季之间无明显差异(P>0.05).4个季节5-HT阳性细胞的光密度差异不大(P>0.05).松果体中5-HT阳性面积占总面积的比值.春、秋季相差不大(P>0.05),夏、冬季差异极显著(P<0.01);(3)松果体细胞有明细胞和暗细胞之分,2种细胞超微结构明显不同.明细胞胞核较大,常染色质多,粗面内质网(RER)、游离核糖体丰富,高尔基复合体的扁平囊泡层数较多,线粒体嵴发达,糖原较少;暗细胞的异染色质多,RER和游离核糖体较少,高尔基复合体的扁平囊泡层教少,线粒体嵴缺乏,糖原较丰富.结果提示,明细胞功能较暗细胞活跃;(4)不同季节松果体内明、暗细胞的数量不同,冬季为明细胞,夏季为暗细胞,春、秋2季2种细胞皆有,表明季节是影响松果体结构和功能活动的重要因素.     

幼年牦牛松果体的光镜和电镜观察

利用光镜和电镜技术对幼年牦牛松果体的组织形态结构特征进行了研究。结果表明，光镜下，幼年牦牛松果体由松果体细胞、少量的神经胶质细胞、毛细血管和神经等组成。电镜下，松果体细胞的电子致密度低，细胞质内含有丰富的线粒体、粗面内质网、滑面内质网、高尔基复合体、微管、微丝和核糖体，典型异质细胞器突触带呈球形，多位于质膜附近。神经胶质细胞内的线粒体丰富，胞体突起呈球形膨大伸入到松果体细胞之间。松果体细胞以及神经胶质细胞间均存在突触和连接复合体。牦牛松果体内的毛细血管为连续型，远腹侧血管周围可见色素细胞。     

山羊繁殖季节性相关基因KiSS-1与RFRP的表达研究

本研究为初步阐明KiSS-1和RFRP基因对山羊繁殖季节性的作用,选择常年发情济宁青山羊和季节性发情辽宁绒山羊为对比品种,应用RT-PCR和qRT-PCR技术分别研究KiSS-1和RFRP基因组织表达谱以及在下丘脑-垂体-卵巢(子宫)繁殖轴表达差异。结果发现:(1)KiSS-1基因主要表达于山羊下丘脑、垂体、松果体、肾、卵巢、脂肪和甲状腺等组织,RFRP基因主要表达于山羊下丘脑、大脑皮层、小脑、卵巢和垂体等组织,两基因组织表达谱均存在一定的品种特异性;(2)KiSS-1基因在济宁青山羊下丘脑表达量显著高于辽宁绒山羊(P0.05),而在垂体和卵巢中的表达量两品种间差异不明显(P0.05);(3)济宁青山羊下丘脑RFRP基因表达显著高于辽宁绒山羊(P0.05),而济宁青山羊卵巢和垂体中RFRP基因表达明显低于辽宁绒山羊(P0.05)。研究结果提示,KiSS-1基因可能参与调控山羊季节性繁殖,而RFRP基因是否调控季节性繁殖或以何种方式作用还需要进一步研究。本研究可为山羊KiSS-1和RFRP基因功能研究打下基础,并为揭示山羊繁殖季节性的遗传基础提供参考。     

济宁青山羊不同季节血浆内褪黑素分泌规律的研究

为了探讨济宁青山羊季节性发情的内分泌机理,本试验分别用放射性免疫法和免疫组织化学方法研究了济宁青山羊在春分、夏至、秋分和冬至时血浆内褪黑素的变化规律以及松果体细胞内5-羟色胺（5-HT）的含量变化。结果显示,血浆内褪黑素含量在午夜达到最大值,而在白天日中附近降到最小值,在夜间显著高于白天（P〈0．01）。褪黑素含量也存在明显的季节性变化,夏至时夜间的平均含量极显著高于其它3个季节（P〈0．01）,春分和秋分时差异不明显（P〉0．05）,但它们显著高于冬至时的夜间平均水平（P〈0．05）。白天血浆褪黑素含量在各个季节差异不显著（P〉0．05）。夏季5-羟色胺阳性细胞面积和占总面积比值都显著小于其它3个季节,冬季最大,春季和秋季差异不显著（P〉0．05）。     

成年母鸡松果腺组织结构的研究

用透射与扫描电镜和荧光显微镜对25只成年母鸡的松果腺进行了系统观察。松果腺主要由松果体细胞组成,其间夹杂有少量胶质细胞。松果体细胞的核呈圆形或椭圆形,而胶质细胞的核多呈不规则形。松果体细胞具有突起,线粒体丰富,高尔基复合体发达,胞质中散布有核糖体,并见有粗面和滑面内质网、微管、溶酶体、脂滴以及少量致密核芯小体和板层小体。胶质细胞的结构特征为胞质中含有微丝。毛细血管内皮不含窗孔。本研究结果表明,鸡松果体细胞具有内分泌细胞的结构特征,因而认为鸡的松果腺是一个内分泌腺。     

济宁青山羊繁殖力研究现状

本文主要从济宁青山羊形成历史、特性、育种手段等方面,特别是对控制繁殖性状的(主)基因的研究和利用现状进行综述.在此基础上,提出了对济宁青山羊研究和利用的建议.     

不同繁殖力山羊年周期中FSH和LH分泌规律的研究

比较高繁殖力的济宁青山羊和低繁殖力的沂蒙黑山羊年周期血浆中促卵泡素（FSH）和促黄体素（LH）的分泌变化规律,分析FSH和LH与山羊繁殖力之间的关系。采用放射免疫分析法（RIA）测定血浆中FSH和LH浓度,结果表明：济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊血浆中FSH和LH浓度都存在季节性变化,即秋季最高,春季次之,夏季最低;济宁青山羊和沂蒙黑山羊全年各月血浆中FSH和LH的分泌呈波浪式变化;高繁殖力的济宁青山羊各月份和4个季节血浆中FSH浓度均高于低繁殖力的沂蒙黑山羊,但尚未达到显著水平（P〉0.05）,2种山羊血浆中LH浓度各月份和4个季节基本无差别。     

太湖鹅松果体的组织细胞结构研究

在光镜和电镜水平下对太湖鹅松果体组织结构和细胞结构进行研究，结果表明，鹅松果体主要由松查体细胞组成，其间夹有少数胶质细胞，松果体细胞偶尔排列为滤泡状，松果体细胞具有突起，胞核椭圆形，胞核椭圆形，圆形，线粒体常在胞附近集聚，粗面内质网丰富，高尔基体发达，胞质中有散在的游离核蛋白体，脂滴和溶酶体，胞突中微管方向与胞突平行，胞体中方向不一,质细胞的胞核不规则，胞体和胞突中含有微丝。     

济宁青山羊皮肤毛囊形态学观察

目的:为了观察济宁青山羊皮肤毛囊结构,并分析毛囊及附属物形态结构特点,为后期探究青山羊皮肤毛囊的结构功能提供研究基础。方法:通过外科解剖法获取济宁青山羊背部皮肤,皮肤样品进行多聚甲醛固定,制作石蜡切片及Sacpic染色,观察济宁青山羊皮肤毛囊结构,并分析毛囊及附属物形态结构特点。结果:青山羊皮肤毛囊结构清晰,毛球部各部分结构层次分明,可清晰观察出毛囊群结构,并可观察到多元毛囊群,同时皮脂腺围绕初级毛囊分布,皮脂腺细胞大而集中。结论:济宁青山羊皮肤毛囊结构完整,毛囊群丰富,毛囊生长密集,皮脂腺大而集中,为青山羊毛纤维的生长发育提供良好的生理基础。     

褪黑素在现代绵羊生产中的应用

褪黑素(Melatonin,MLT)主要是由哺乳动物松果体细胞合成与分泌的1种吲哚类激素,其分泌活动受视神经传入的光照长短及强度的控制,白昼分泌减少,而黑夜分泌增多,因此又是控制动物昼夜循回节律即睡眠和觉醒周期的生物活性物质.目前普遍认为,绵羊繁殖周期与环境光周期的同步变化是通过褪黑素作用于下丘脑-垂体-性腺内分泌轴系统来实现的,褪黑素分泌的持续时间和该时间的改变方向,使绵羊产生了季节性繁殖活动.     

鲁西南地区青山羊种质资源调查与分析

济宁青山羊是中国著名的裘用地方山羊品种,作者分析了青山羊的选育历史、体型外貌、生产性能等种质特性,同时对青山羊种质资源的保护和利用提出了建议。     

Retinal Pigment Epithelial Fine Structure in the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)

The fine structure of the retinal epithelial (RPE) region has been investigated by light and electron microscopy in the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). In this species the RPE consists of a single layer of cuboidal cells which display numerous deep basal (scleral) infoldings and plentiful apical (vitreai) microvillar processes which surround photoreceptor inner and outer segments. The RPE cells are joined laterally by a series of tight junctions (VERHOEFF'S membrane) located in the mid to basal region. Within the epithelial cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum is very abundant while rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is scarce. Mitochondria of various shapes are abundant basally while polysomes are plentiful and widespread. In the light-adapted state RPE nuclei are large and vesicular and basally located while the melanosomes of these cells are predominantly located with the apical processes indicating photomechanical movements. Myeloid bodies are large and numerous and often have ribosomes on their outer surface. Bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) is typical of avian species in that it is pentalaminate and the lamina densa is displaced near the cho-riocapillaris. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris is thin facing Bruch's membrane but is only moderately fenestrated. Some of these fenestrations display a double-layered diaphragm while the majority show the more typical single-layered diaphragm noted in most species.     

Ultrastructural studies on the pancreatic acini in duck (Anas boscas) and pigeon (Columba livia)

The aim of this research work was to study the histological structure of the pancreatic acini by transmission electron microscope in two avian species, duck and pigeon. The specimens were collected and processed for electron microscopic study. The results showed that the acini of the two avian species were two types; the first one was an electron dense and the second one an electron lucent. The light acinar cells were larger in size than the dark cells. These cells contained centrally located ovoid nuclei with prominent nucleoli and abundant euchromatin. The cytoplasm was electron lucent, with many rough endoplasmic reticulum, polymorphic mitochondria. Numerous zymogen granules were distributed in the basal part and around the nucleus, so these cells considered active cells. The dark acinar cells were characterized by an electron dense cytoplasm. The most prominent cell organelle in these cells were the zymogen granules that appeared in different sizes while other organelles as mitochondria, and rough endoplasmic reticulum were inconspicuous or few, so these cells were considered as inactive cells. The nucleus with indented nuclear membrane located centrally with prominent nucleoli and abundant heterochromatin. Prominent intercellular spaces between the individual acinar cells, as well as well-developed basement membrane separating the electron dense cells and the lumen contained the secretion between acinar cells. It could be concluded that the acinar cells in ducks and pigeons were divided into two types, that is, light and dark acinar cells which mainly attributed to the activity of these cells.     

Equine synovial tendon sheaths and bursae: a transmission electron microscope study.

A transmission electron microscope study was undertaken to investigate the details of the synovial tendon sheath and bursal lining in horses. The lining cells appeared to be fibroblasts and were buried in a finely granular ground substance. Generally these cells had poor cytoplasmic organelles, sparse short profiles of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), few scattered ribosomes and, occasionally, a poorly developed Golgi complex. However, a few lining cells appeared more active, having pronounced RER with dilated cisternane. The surface of the lining cells, particularly those with dilated RER, had filipodia of different shapes, which in some instances appeared to surround a detached matrix. This feature might indicate that these cells are capable of phagocytosis. In young animals, the lining was more or less akin to that of the adult. However, the lining cells were virtually indistinguishable from the fibroblasts in the subconnective tissue.     

山羊痘的病理形态学观察

对发生在贵州省的山羊痘进行了病理形态学观察.山羊痘以全身皮肤、呼吸道及消化道粘膜出现痘疹为特征.皮肤疹最初为红斑,红斑肿胀隆起形成结节状丘疹,然后丘疹发生凝固性坏死,脱落而形成痂皮.组织学检查早期皮肤病变可见充血,水肿和多量的巨噬细胞和中性白细胞浸润,随着病变的发展可见更多的巨噬细胞,淋巴细胞,浆细胞和一些体积较大的所谓"山羊痘细胞"出现.在真皮的病变细胞和痘细胞中可见嗜酸性胞浆内包涵体.引起水肿和坏死的血管炎常伴有血栓和梗死.上皮的变化包括棘细胞增生,空泡变性,不全角化,过度角化和坏死等.其他器官的病变也有相似的细胞浸润和血管炎变化.但发生在上呼吸道及上消化道时常出现溃疡.透射电镜观察在感染的皮肤和肺上皮细胞的胞浆内发现有大量不同成熟阶段的典型的山羊痘病毒颗粒.受感染的细胞除可见胞浆内散在的病毒颗粒或形成病毒包涵体外,通常可见细胞水肿、线粒体肿胀、内质网和高尔基复合体扩张.     

Fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris in the horse

The fine structure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), Bruch's membrane and choriocapillaris was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy in both the tapetal and non-tapetal fundus of the horse eye. In all locations, the RPE consisted of a single layer of low cuboidal cells. The epithelial cells were joined laterally by apically located tight junctions. These cells displayed numerous basal infoldings and abundant thin apical processes which enclosed the rod outer segments. The epithelial cell nuclei were large and located basally. Within the epithelial cells, smooth endoplasmic reticulum was very abundant, while rough endoplasmic reticulum was scarce, polysomes and mitochondria, which often display a ring-shaped structure, were abundant. Melanosomes were abundant in the non-tapetal area but absent in the tapetal area. Bruch's membrane was pentalaminate throughout the retina. The endothelium of the choriocapillaris was heavily fenestrated.     

Studies on the isthmus region of the somestic fowl.

The isthmus extends from the aglandular zone, which delimits it from the magnum, to the tubular shell gland, which to the naked eye is marked by a distinct colour change from off-white to brown. 2. The surface epithelium comprises three cell types, ciliated, non-ciliated and mitochondrial, of which only the non-ciliated cells contribute towards the carbohydrate moiety of the shell membranes. 3. The gland cells are distinctive, containing granules of variable electron density, variations also occurring within individual granules. 4. Although two types of gland cell have been observed, they may merely represent different phases of development. 5. In the type 1 cell, the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex are typical of the normal protein secreting cell; in the type 2 cell the RER is sparse, dilated and filled with intracisternal granules while the Golgi complex is likewise distended.     

山羊痘病变的超微病理学研究

对发生在贵州省的山羊痘病变进行了透射电镜观察。在感染的皮肤和肺上皮细胞的胞浆内发现有大量不同成熟阶段的典型的山羊痘病毒颗粒。病毒颗粒也可见于巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞、血管内皮细胞的胞浆内，甚至少量在血管腔内。受感染的细胞除可见胞浆内散在的病毒颗粒或形成病毒包涵体外，通常可见细胞水肿，线粒体肿胀，内质网和高尔基复合体扩张。一个有趣但十分重要的发现是，有髓神经纤维也被病毒和被感染的巨噬细胞所波及，并可见节段性脱髓鞘以及轴索和雪旺氏细胞的变性。在山羊痘痘疹材料感染鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜痘斑的上皮细胞和成纤维细胞中也可见成熟和不成熟的病毒颗粒。