杂交早稻几个优良组合米质测定结果初报

我们根据1983年7月在南岳召开的“南方稻区双季杂交早稻评议会议纪要”精神,测定了南方稻区双季杂交早稻5个优良组合和用这些组合作连晚栽培的米质。这些组合是湖南培育的威优35、威优64、威优98、威优16(威优17的姐妹系)和广西培育的汕优6161—8。测定结果如下表:     

道县杂交早晚稻接班组合的灰色关联度分析与评估

对１９９７年道县早晚稻杂交组合品种比较试验资料试用灰色关联度分析,作出综合评估。结果表明：杂交早稻组合以Ｉ优辐２６综合性状最好,威优４０２、金优辐２６次之,Ｉ优０１最差;杂交晚稻以威优６４７综合性状最好,金优７７、威优６４次之,汕优４４８０和汕优晚３较差。评价结果与各组合在大田生产应用中表现基本一致。     

优质高产两系杂交早稻新组合金两优4号的选育

金两优4号是用优质低温敏核不育系金山S-2与自育早稻恢复系早R-10配组育成的两系杂交早稻新组合.该组合具有产量高、米质较优、综合性状好等特点,2004-2005年参加福建省早稻区试,2 a平均产量达7. 25 t/hm2,比对照威优77增产5.71%.该组合于2007年通过福建省品种审定.     

优质杂交早稻新组合T优7882的选育初报

以地谷B与龙特甫B和珍汕97B复交，选育出优质、柱头外露率高的株系，并与珍汕97A连续多代回交，育成不育系T78A。T78A米质优，不育性稳定、柱头外露率高、异交特性好、配合力强。用T78A与明恢82配制成的杂交早稻组合T优7882，具有品质优良，产量高等特性。该组合于2000年和2001年2a参加龙岩市区试，产量均列参试组第一名，2a平均比对照汕优77增产5．21％。2000年早季T优7882参加指建省早稻观察圃试验，平均每667m^2产478．02kg，比对照威优77增产4．91％，居14个参试组合的第二位。T优7882丰产性好，品质优于汕82，是一个较有前景的早杂组合。     

杂交早稻新组合在湖北试验示范简报

为了加快杂交早稻新组合的推广应用，１９８８～１９８９年，湖北省参加了长江流域５省组织的杂交早稻协作攻关，还自行组织了大量的试验、示范。试验结果表明：较为适合湖北省大面积种植的组合为。威优１１２６、威优４８—２、常优４８—２、汕优１０—３５；可以搭配种植的为线优４９、常优４９。     

优质中熟杂交早稻汕优45的选育与应用

汕优４５是湖北省咸宁市农科所用珍汕９７Ａ与早籼恢复系４５－１０配组选育而成的籼型杂交早稻新组合。该组合具有产量高、米质优，熟期短，抗病性强等特点，１９９９年３月通过湖北省品种审定。     

早杂优恢复系及其强优组合选育初探

扩大杂交水稻种植面积已成为粮食增产的主要途径,尤其是扩种早杂优有其更大的潜力。1987年全国杂交早稻面积为1740.47万亩,1988年已达2500多万亩。我省1988年杂交早稻已发展到255.07万亩。然而,当前推广的组合如威优64和威优35等,生育期偏长,抗稻瘟病性较差,进一步扩大种植,已受到限制。本文结合早杂优的育种实践,对杂交早稻恢复系及其强优组合的选育提出一些看法,供参考。一、人工制恢选育早稻恢复系 (一)品种资源收集与亲本选配 1.早熟恢复好的材料。早熟不同恢源材     

籼型杂交早稻优Ⅰ66的引进与应用

闽西北山区是福建省主要产粮区 ,自 90年代以来 ,杂交早稻面积约占早稻总面积的 80 %。为了进一步优化早稻品种结构 ,提高品质 ,增加效益 ,解决目前杂交早稻生产中存在的组合单一 ,生育期偏长、米质较差、品种抗性退化等问题。 1994年始南平市农科所向全国广泛征集早熟、优质、丰产、抗病的早杂优新组合 ,但大部分早杂优组合在闽北表现早而不优或优而不早、抗稻瘟病弱等缺点。 1996年南平所引进中国水稻所选育的优Ⅰ 6 6进行试验、示范种植 ,该组合具备了早熟、高产稳产、优质、抗稻瘟病等特点 ,2 0 0 1年 2月通过福建省品种审定委员会审定…     

杂交早稻恢复系的选育

为了选育适合我省双季稻栽培的杂交早稻新组合,填补杂交稻在早稻生产上的空白,从1978年开始,我们开展了以选育早稻恢复系为突破口,配制杂交早稻新组合选育的研究。目前,已选育出IR29选-11、399、125等三个恢复系,并与威20A、珍油97A配组成威优40、汕优125、汕优399,大面积用于生产,在福建、江西和湘南推广,种植面积达6万亩以上。1986年又选育出483、493两个早稻恢复系与威20A配组,经多点鉴定,作早稻栽培表现熟期适中、优势强、抗稻瘟、米质好,在早稻恢复系选育上又前进了一步。早稻恢复系培育成功,为早稻恢复系选育提供了新的方法和理论依据。     

杂交中稻新组合辐优63

辐优63是怀化地区农科所用辐南A与明恢63测配选育而成的产量高、米质好、抗稻瘟病力强的三系系籼组合,经区试鉴定和多年多点生产试验表现好,一般亩产550～700公斤,高的达780公斤。特别在山区种植比汕优63增产明显,抗性、米质均优于威优6号和汕优63,是丘陵山区作中稻、湘中、南双季稻区作晚稻较理想的接班组合。1989年通过怀化地区品种审定,“八·五”期间列为重点推广新组合。1产量表现 1986年参加地区区试,平均亩产565公斤,居参试12个组合首位,比对照威优6号增产3.7%。1987年参加省中籼区试鉴定。平均亩产554.7公斤,比对照汕优63减产2.3%,…     

Preparation and characterization of fibers of waste and fresh polyethylene terephtalate and mixtures of them

Textile fibers were obtained from secondary polyethylene terephtalate (PET) and its mixtures with primary PET at initial orientation of 18000–33000 %, rate of additional orientation drawing 3.5–6.5 times and temperature of thermal fixation 363–413 K. The fibers’ tensile strength was found to decrease and elongation at break to increase with the decrease of their linear density under the conditions of fibers formation. For the fibers based on polymer mixtures, the presence of oxidized fragments in the secondary PET limited the compatibility of the two polymers which resulted in deteriorated tensile properties. The linear density (4–16 dtex), tensile strength (30–50 cN/tex) and elongation at break (20–60 %) of the PET fibers obtained were close to these for the industrially produced polymer fibers. The values of the average diameter of the fibers formed and oriented under laboratory conditions allows classifying them between the fine and the coarse textile fibers which makes them suitable for the textile industry.     

我国麻类标准现状与分析

介绍了我国麻类标准的现状。通过分析,指出了存在的问题,主要表现在标准体系不完善、标准更新不及时,协调性差及贯彻执行不力等。提出了我国麻类标准应采取的对策。     

Characteristics of photosynthesis and conductance of potato canopies and the effects of cultivars and transient drought

Gas-exchange characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) canopies were determined with crop enclosures under condition of optimal water supply, during soil water depletion, and during recovery from drought-stress. The plants were grown under a rainshelter in large containers with 2-m² surface area. Control plants received water throughout the growth period. In Expt. 1, transient drought was imposed by interrupting water supply completely for 22 days. During the 33-day period of drought treatment in Expt. 2, the stressed plants received half the amount of water that was given to the control plants (irrigations 2–3 times per week).

During soil water depletion, stomatal conductance of the canopy was reduced earlier and more than photosynthesis. This resulted in a lower internal carbon dioxide concentration in the leaves of stressed plants and a higher ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance. The value of that ratio increased as soil water potential dropped.

Water-use efficiency ( ) increased during drought stress. The cultivar Bintje showed a larger ratio between photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of the canopy and a higher than cv. Saturna, both for optimal water supply and during drought stress.

Photosynthesis and conductance of the canopy started to recover immediately upon rewatering, even when relative values had declined to 20–30% during the preceding stress period. After release from stress, the leaves in the top layer of the canopy had a higher stomatal conductance in treated plants than in control plants.     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.     

水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式示范

2017—2018年,在同安镇粮食产能区示范推广水稻病虫害绿色防控与统防统治融合技术模式,取得了显著成效。融合技术示范区比常规区减少用药2~3次,用药量减少37.6%,防治成本降低400元/hm^2;水稻产量增加12.8%,收益增加2 835元/hm^2。     

生物质能作物——甘薯开发利用现状及趋势

甘薯是世界上重要的粮食、饲料、工业原料及新型能源用块根作物，在我国乃至世界再生能源开发中起到重大作用，其分布地域广，适应性强，沙荒地、岗坡地均可种植。生物产量高，而且种植栽培容易。甘薯含淀粉15％～30％，晒干率20％～35％，世界各国以薯干或淀粉为原料生产乙醇有着悠久的历史。随着全球能源的日趋紧张，乙醇作为一种可再生的环保燃料．将快速步入全球成品油市场，在替代汽油供应方面起到越来越大的作用。各国正在推行或制定燃料乙醇计划，并着眼于生物燃料乙醇应用方案，认为甘薯可能是摆脱将来粮食和能源危机的“最后一张王牌”。     

棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术应用与推广

经过多年实践,探索总结出抗病虫品种、频振式太阳能杀虫灯、糖盆诱蛾、黄蓝板诱虫、生物多样性控虫等绿色防控技术,形成了切合库尔勒实际的棉花病虫全程绿色防控技术模式。介绍了上述技术措施及其在当地棉田的推广应用效果。     

热区蔬菜质量安全分析与评价

对影响我国热区主要蔬菜产前、产中、产后的质量安全相关因素与现状进行调研,获取基础数据与有关信息。对比分析国内不同生产区质量安全存在的差异与差距,研究我国热区蔬菜从生产至市场各个环节的质量安全评价方法,提出建立我国热区蔬菜质量安全评价体系方案。     

春季氮肥和多效唑调控对小麦生育和产量的影响

为明确春季调控措施对冬小麦生长发育和籽粒产量的影响,以冬小麦品种石新828为材料进行田间试验,4个处理分别为:起身期追全部氮肥(除基肥外,下同)并叶面喷多效唑(N1);起身期追2/3氮肥并喷多效唑+拔节期追1/3氮肥(N2);起身期追1/3氮肥+拔节期追2/3氮肥(N3);拔节期追全部氮肥(N4)。生育期间测定群体和个体生育特性,成熟期调查产量性状。结果表明,N1和N2处理小麦拔节期的总茎数、叶面积指数(LAI)和干物质积累量均显著高于N4和N3处理。孕穗期N4和N3处理小麦的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量显著高于N1和N2处理。开花到成熟期各处理的总茎数、LAI和干物质积累量差异均不显著。孕穗期前,不同处理的株高差异不显著,孕穗期后,N4处理的株高最高,且显著高于N1处理。各处理基部节间直径和中上部节间长的差异不显著,N4处理基部第一节间长度显著大于其他处理。随追氮时期前移或前期施氮量增多,不孕小穗数减少,结实小穗和穗粒数增加,N1比N4处理不孕小穗数显著减少,结实小穗和穗粒数显著增多。N1处理小麦成熟期的千粒重最高,且显著高于N4处理。N1处理的籽粒产量最高,且显著高于N3和N4处理。起身期追氮配合多效唑调控,可以获得比拔节期追氮更高的穗粒数和千粒重,从而获得更高的产量。     

施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响

采用盆栽试验，研究施镁量和施镁方法对烤烟生长发育和烟叶产量的影响，结果表明：适量施用镁肥，可以促进烟草的生长发育、改善其农艺学性状，影响烟株对其它营养元素的吸收与积累，提高烟叶产量，并能使烟叶N，P，K，Ca等营养元素含量更趋协调。随着施镁量的增加，烟叶中镁含量提高10．7％～71．4％，烤烟单株吸镁量、叶片叶绿素含量、干物质产量分别提高17．6％～115．4％，1．9％～23．ooA和6．3％～25．7％，而对烟叶含钾量没有明显影响。在镁比较缺乏的土壤上，镁肥作基肥施比叶面喷施的效果好，基肥施镁结合叶面喷镁的效果最佳；叶面喷镁，肥料用量少、成本低、见效快，是一种有效的镁肥施用方法；提高镁肥用量，施镁的效果更加显著。