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西方人与自然是一种相对、相斥、相离、相敌的关系,人的最大愿望就是控制自然、征服自然。中国人与自然是一种相亲、相近、相合、相融的关系,即人与自然的和谐,重“天道”与“人道”的统一,强调“与浑成等其自然”,“万物与吾一体”,物与我与自然交融而默契,是一种深层的感情和精神上的交流。中西园林由于历史背景和文化传统的不同,而风格迥异,各有特色。 相似文献
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陈相强 《绿色中国(A版)》2003,(6):41-42
在21世纪,整个世界都强调园林建设“以人为本”(人文性)和“环境保护”(生态性),人与自然的和谐受到了普遍的关注,人文和生态也成为园林界中最为热门的话题。而人文的内在精神到底是什么?与生态的关系又是如何?人文和生态是否抵触,?又如何达到和谐统一?笔者结合湖西综合保护工程的规划实施,谈一点自己的看法。1.“天人合一”的中国传统人文精神将人文与生态并重,并且主张和谐统一笔者作为一个园林工作者,以“为人类创造美好的家园”为己任,也曾将“以人为本”作为园林建设的首要任务。然自笔者师从王兆骞先生学习景观生态学以来,对人文与生… 相似文献
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中国南北园林造园风格浅析张谷中国古典园林以其独树一帜的艺术风格而极大地丰富了人类文化的宝库。中国造园艺术的基本特点是艺术地再现自然山水,并巧妙地把自然美和人工美结合为一体,从而做到“虽由人作,宛自天开”。中国园林的造园风格主要分南、北两方。南方园林主... 相似文献
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人类经济需求的第一次重要变迁是受环境约束,而导致社群中出现“同域分层”的需求。它促使群内调剂型的经济系统转变为封建城堡系统,发达的封建城堡系统都以城堡为中心,随着城堡的发展,有可能出现早期的园林花卉生产。人类经济需求的第二次重要变迁是因人口流动和城堡之间的战争而导致“异域整合”的需求。异域整合使得城市取代城堡而逐渐成为具有凝聚力的居住、交流中心。随着城市规模扩大,人们越来越疏远了植被覆盖的大地,甚至隔离了人与植被的关联,由此而逐渐产生了园林需求,最初是花卉业萌生,随后便是庭园建设——城市中的大户在自己的居住区域内建设人造的生态环境。工业革命之前的商业运输业,以及工业革命之后的服务业,与工业革命本身一起,对以森林为主的绿地生态系统产生了巨大的破坏作用。城市环境受工业革命影响的两个重要方面是:人口聚集和废料污染。它们进一步加强了人对园林的需求,并使绿地建设成为城市的基础建设之一。 相似文献
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着重从园林绿化的角度出发,分别对沈阳具有标志性、纪念性、美化装饰性的城市雕塑及其所处的园林环境进行走访调查,叙述现有沈阳城市雕塑的优点,结合沈阳城市雕塑与园林环境的现状,提出了以开放的公共调查为基础,以专家咨询为辅的城市雕塑与和谐环境的评价模式,为园林设计与城市雕塑的和谐性研究提供参考意见。 相似文献
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城市环境艺术设计是一种实用的艺术,它与人的机能密切联系,使人们周围的物有了视觉秩序,加强和表现了人所拥有的领域。本文从视觉艺术语言的表达方式出发,系统分析了城市环境景观元素与视觉形态表达之间的关联,提出了城市环境形式对视觉控制的重点所在。 相似文献
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西班牙加泰罗尼亚林分风景优美度预测(英文) 总被引:12,自引:1,他引:11
Elena Blasco José Ramón González-Olabarria Pedro Rodriguéz-Veiga Timo Pukkala Osmo Kolehmainen Marc Palahí 《林业研究》2009,20(1):73-78
通过互联网络,调查了网友对90幅林分图像(照片和虚拟实际图像)的相对偏好,发展了两个在林分水平上风景优美度评价的量化模型。用成对比较回归法分析了259份问卷对林分偏好的相对优先顺序。模型量化结果表明,林分偏好随灌木和乔木数量增加而增加,还与乔木平均直径正相关。另一方面,林分偏好又因大量的松树和小树而降低。与虚拟真实图像相比,网友更偏好林木照片。此外,参与问卷调查者的背景(性别,国籍或者职业)并未对模型结果造成显著影响。 相似文献
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Short-term effects of thinning intensity on scenic beauty values of different stands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forest management has significant influences on the preferences of people for forest landscapes. This study attempted to evaluate the effects of thinning on the scenic value of forests. Five typical stands in Nanjing Wuxiangsi National Forest Park were subject to a designed thinning experiment from February to May 2007 with four intensities: unthinned, light-thinning, middle-thinning, and high-thinning. Next, people’s preferences for landscape photographs taken in plots with different thinning intensities were assessed by a scenic beauty estimation (SBE) developed by using normal function theory (N-SBE) 2 years after thinning. In order to resolve shortcomings of N-SBE, another SBE calculation method based on weighted sum theory (W-SBE) was developed in the study, and it was demonstrated to have the same reliability as N-SBE by statistical methods. Then, the difference of W-SBE between different thinning intensities was analyzed by paired samples T test. The results suggested that it was significant, at the 0.01 level, between unthinned plots and all thinned plots, and significant, at the 0.05 level, between high-thinning and light-thinning, and between high-thinning and middle-thinning, while there was no significant difference between middle-thinning and light-thinning. Finally, a stepwise regression model was established between W-SBE as the dependent variable and some possible impact preference factors as independent variables. This indicated that landscape value was diminished with increase of tree density, canopy density, and opening of understory, while the value improved with the increment of average diameter at breast height and tree height, species diversity or uniformity, and also the improvement of accessibility and environment neatness in the forest. 相似文献
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Scenic quality must be assessed in forests for which recreational opportunities have become more important then traditional
wood products. Current assessment methods focus on quantitative evaluations that provide digital information to the users.
Usually, people prefer more explicit information (i.e., categorical data) than detailed quantitative data on scenic quality assessment. This paper employed fuzzy-logic terminology
to define the scenic information of forests, and then tried to develop an expert system for evaluating scenic quality based
on fuzzy reasoning. Results showed that a fuzzy-logic-based expert system using a qualitative model labeled with linguistic
terms, makes scenic beauty evaluation intuitive and understanding easy by viewing the categorical physical features of forests.
This research developed a methodology of building an expert system in this area. It is capable of providing an efficient and
useful tool for forest recreation users and forest managers. 相似文献