Mapping of putative sucking inhibitory gene to whitebacked planthopper by linkage analysis with CAPS markers

Resistance to whitebacked planthopper (WBPH) in Chinese japonica rice Chunjiang 06 (CJ-06) was mediated by sucking inhibitory and ovicidal mechanism.     

Genetic analysis of resistance to whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), in some rice varieties

For genetic analysis of resistance to the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Homoptera: Delphacidae), in 13 rice varieties, seedlings at the one-leaf stage were artificially infested in the greenhouse with second; and third-instar nymphs of this planthopper. Reactions of the seedlings were recorded 7–10 days after infestation when the susceptible check (control variety) TN1 was completely killed. The reactions of the F₁, F₂, and F₃ populations from the crosses of resistant varieties with TN1 revealed that single dominant genes condition resistance in the varieties Sinnanayam, ARC 13349, MGL 1, Sukhwel 20, Bam 3, Hornamawee, Senawee, A1, T1432, W128, and Chuvanna Kumbolum. The resistance in NP130 and CI-5662-2 was conditioned by two independent dominant genes. The allelic relationships of the latter genes for resistance in the test varieties to resistance genes Wbph 1 and Wbph 2 were determined. Reactions of the F₂ and F₃ progenies from the crosses of test varieties with IR13475-7-3-2 which is homozygous for Wbph 1, and with IR30659-2-165, which is homozygous for Wbph 2, showed that the resistance genes in Sukhwel 20, Senawee, T1432, and W128 are allelic to Wbph 1. The resistance genes in Sinnanayam, ARC 13349, MGL 1, Bam 3, A1, and Chuvanna Kumbolum are allelic to Wbph 2. The two independent dominant genes for resistance in NP130 and CI-5662-2 are Wpbh 1 and Wbph 2. However, there is a single dominant gene for resistance in Hornamawee which is independent and non-allelic to Wbph 1 and Wpbh 2.     

Amino acid analysis of the phloem sap of rice and honeydew excretion of whitebacked planthopper,Sogatella furcifera

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Mapping of wheat stripe rust resistance gene Yr041133 by BSR-Seq analysis

Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici(Pst) pathotype CYR34 is widely virulent and prevalent in China.Here, we report identification of a strpie rust resistance(Yr) gene, designated Yr041133, in winter wheat line 041133. This line produced a hypersensitive reaction to CYR34 and conferred resistance to 13 other pathotypes. Resistance to CYR34 in line 041133 was controlled by a single dominant gene. Bulked segregant RNA sequencing(BSR-Seq) was performed on a pair of RNA bulks generated by pooling resistant and susceptible recombinant inbred lines. Yr041133 was mapped to a 1.7 c M genetic interval on the chromosome arm 7 BL that corresponded to a 0.8 Mb physical interval(608.9–609.7 Mb) in the Chinese Spring reference genome. Based on its unique physical location Yr041133 differred from the other Yr genes on this chromosome arm.     

花生深紫色种皮颜色基因的遗传分析及SSR标记

本文以种皮呈深紫色的花生品种“珍珠黑”和粉红色品种“粤油13”的杂交后代F1-F3群体为材料，通过遗传分析和SSR分子标记探讨花生种皮颜色基因的遗传连锁规律，结果表明，花生深紫色种皮颜色受一对不完全显性主效基因控制，该基因与SSR标记“PM93/630-600”连锁，连锁距离为5.4 cM。     

Insecticide-induced resurgence of the whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera (Horvath) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on rice varieties with different levels of resistance

The influences of the insecticides quinalphos, chlorpyriphos, methyl parathion, endosulfan, imidacloprid and deltamethrin applied three times at 10 days intervals at half of their recommended field concentrations to potted plants of a planthopper-susceptible and a planthopper-resistant rice variety, on reproduction and survival of whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), and on the chemistry of its host plant, were investigated. Methyl parathion, deltamethrin and quinalphos enhanced the fecundity of the hopper (164-211 vs. 131 for the control) and consequently the resurgence ratio (increased up to 1.75 fold). Methyl parathion and deltamethrin significantly increased nymphal survival (59.3 vs. 52.2% for the control) and the growth index (4.8 vs. 4.2 for the control) of the hopper. The sex ratios of adults emerging on methyl parathion- and deltamethrin-treated rice plants increased in favour of females (1.51 vs. 1.15 for the control) on the susceptible variety but was not altered on the resistant variety. Biochemical analyses of the rice leaves revealed significantly higher quantities of reducing sugars, proteins and amino acids, but lower amounts of total phenols in leaf sheaths and blades of methyl parathion-, deltamethrin- and quinalphos-treated plants of the two varieties. The leaf sheaths and blades of the resistant variety contained more than twice the total phenols present in those of the susceptible variety. The results showed a positive correlation between increased levels of reducing sugars, amino acids and proteins in the rice plants and the fecundity of S. furcifera and a negative correlation between phenol contents of the rice plants and fecundity.     

A genetic linkage map of hexaploid naked oat constructed with SSR markers

Naked oat is a unique health food crop in China. Using 202 F2 individuals derived from a hybrid between the variety 578 and the landrace Sanfensan, we constructed a genetic linkage map consisting of 22 linkage groups covering 2070.50 c M and including 208 simple sequence repeat(SSR) markers. The minimum distance between adjacent markers was0.01 c M and the average was 9.95 c M. Each linkage group contained 2–22 markers. The largest linkage group covered 174.40 c M and the shortest one covered 36.80 c M, with an average of 94.11 c M. Thirty-six markers(17.3%) showing distorted segregation were distributed across linkage groups LG5 to LG22. This map complements published oat genetic maps and is applicable for quantitative trait locus analysis, gene cloning and molecular marker-assisted selection.     

Isolation of a rice gene homologous to the human putative tumor suppressor gene QM

QM gene was originally isolated from human by Dowdy et al during a search for a wilms′ tumor suppressor gene. Researches of QM gene focused mainly on animals and yeasts, little was known about plant QM gene. For better understanding of QM gene in rice, a QM homologous fragment was used as a probe to screen rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica c.v. Guanglu′ ai 4) genomic DNA library,and two clones were obtained. One of them, OSQM2, encoded a highly basic protein of 184 amino acids, the sequence was about 3.1 kb long with a very special promoter region compared with other known QM genes. Seven potential G boxes could be found between -690 and -230. G box, which contains a ACGT core motif, had been reported in many plants to act as a cis acting DNA element in the regulation of genes in a variety of environmental conditions, such as ABA regulated gene expression, red light, UV light, anaerobiosis, and wounding etc. Two closely linked DRE related motifs (dehydration responsive element) could also be found between -182 and 173, which had a CCGAC conserved sequence and had been identified in many cold and drought responsive genes in Arabidopsis. Six MYC recognition sequences with the conserved motif NCANNTGN were also presented, which might be essential for ABA and drought responsive expression of the plant genes.     

大麦染色体特异性EST标记在5H短臂成株期叶锈病抗性基因定位中的应用

为了明确大麦成株叶锈病抗性品种‘Pompadour’抗性基因的性质,以‘WABAR2482×Pompa-dour’的457个F2后代为材料,采用单链构象多态性(SSCP)分析技术,对发掘的SNP-EST分子标记在抗性品种的F2后代中进行分子标记检测。结果表明,457株F2分离群体中328株表现抗病,129株表现感病,卡方检验符合3∶1的分离比例。推断新发现的5HS成株叶锈病抗性基因为主效显性抗性基因。在所筛选的15对大麦5HS染色体EST标记中,共显性SNP标记K05820共检测出109株抗性亲本纯合体、115株感病亲本纯合体和233株杂合体。利用F2代表型分离结果对标记K05820进行验证分析发现,该标记与‘Pompa-dour’5HS染色体成株叶锈病抗性高度相关(r=0.82)。同时,新的定位分析表明,K05820与成株叶锈病抗性基因间的遗传距离为7 cM。这说明共显性EST-SNP标记K05820可以运用于大麦5HS染色体成株叶锈病抗性基因后代杂合体及纯合体的筛选,能够应用于田间抗病材料的初步筛选。     

芸薹种UGMS标记及抗根肿病基因连锁标记的定位

为定位芸薹种抗根肿病基因的连锁标记,利用芸薹种单一基因微卫星(UGMS)标记及基因组SSR和抗根肿病(clubroot resistance,CR)基因的紧密连锁分子标记,构建了结球白菜59-1×芜菁(CR)WJ04遗传连锁图谱,对芜菁WJ04和结球白菜59-1进行根肿病抗性鉴定和连锁位点分析。结果表明:抗根肿病芜菁自交系WJ04对来自我国根肿病主要疫区的4个根肿菌生理小种2、4、7和10均具有显性抗性,而59-1则均表现为感病。UGMS标记在大白菜和芜菁亚种间的多态性比率为30.1%,低于基因组SSR的50.8%;图谱覆盖长度为1 116.2cM,包含分布在10条连锁群的59个UGMS、72个基因组SSR和4个分别与CR基因Crr1、Crr2、Crr3和CRb连锁的标记。     

水稻苗期耐冷性QTLs的定位

利用耐冷的籼稻资源743与冷敏的广亲和材料Dular杂交得到的86个重组自交系(RIL)为材料,构建了一张包含90个微卫星标记的水稻分子连锁图谱.以12℃低温处理下叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量的变化和4℃致死温度处理后的凋萎率为耐冷性指标,进行了苗期耐冷性数量性状位点(QTLs)的分析.以低温下叶绿素含量为指标,检测到分别位于染色体3,5,6(2个)和9上的5个QTIs;而在染色体2,3,9和12上检测到与低温下丙二醛含量有关的4个QTLs;用凋萎率为指标定位的5个QTLs则分别位于染色体1(2个),3,9和11上.这些QTLs控制的表型变异分别为3.07%～17.15%.位于染色体9上的RM105-RM257区间的QTL与低温下的叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量及植株凋萎率均有关,是控制苗期耐冷性的主效QTL.     

大豆花叶病毒病种粒斑驳抗性基因定位

大豆种粒斑驳严重影响大豆商品性,选育抗病品种可有效控制大豆种粒斑驳。利用抗源东农93-046与品1246所衍生的F_(8∶9)代群体,对其进行种粒斑驳鉴定,同时利用分子标记对其抗性基因进行初步分析,结果表明:以斑驳率5%为界限划分抗感株系,F_(8∶9)代抗病株系数与感病株系数基本符合1∶1的比例,这表明东农93-046的种粒斑驳抗性受一对等位基因控制。根据前人构建的一个包括13个分子标记F连锁群的遗传连锁图谱,结合单标记和复合区间作图法将东农93-046抗性基因位点定位于SSR分子标记Satt114附近。     

大豆花叶病毒病N1株系抗性基因定位分析

对大豆花叶病毒病N1株系不同抗性材料东农93046(抗)与品1246(感)所衍生的F8∶9代群体进行成株抗性鉴定,同时利用分子标记对其抗性基因进行确认并获得用于分子辅助选择的分子标记。结果表明:F8∶9代抗病家系数与感病家系数基本符合1∶1的比例,说明东农93-046对N1株系的成株抗性表现为质量性状,其抗性受一对等位基因控制。同时,根据前人研究结果利用76个SSR分子标记对父母本进行筛选,构建了一个包括13个SSR分子标记的F连锁群的遗传连锁图谱,并且单标记分析法和复合区间分析法的结果均表明东农93-046抗性基因位点位于SSR分子标记Satt114附近,对后代群体中抗病和感病株系各60份进行分子标记准确性评价,结果表明Satt114选择准确率可达80.00%,这为分子标记辅助选择奠定了良好的基础。     

基于SSR标记关联分析挖掘大豆灰斑病10号生理小种抗病资源

培育灰斑病抗性品种可降低灰斑病对大豆生产的危害。本研究以202份黑龙江省近25年主栽的大豆品种构建关联群体,在人工接种条件下鉴定大豆品种对灰斑病10号生理小种抗病指数。利用187对SSR标记对遗传多样性、群体结构和连锁不平衡位点进行分析,通过GLM 和MLM两种模型对大豆品种的灰斑病抗性与标记进行关联分析,进一步分析抗性关联位点等位变异与抗性表型效应关系。结果表明：202份大豆品种对灰斑病10号生理小种抗性遗传变异系数为14.26%;187个标记在群体中共获得809个等位变异,平均等位变异为4.42个,变幅2~10个,其中17号染色体的平均PIC值最高（0.64）,12号染色体的平均PIC值最低（0.26）;检测到稀有等位变异146个,特有等位变异位点58个;无论共线性组合位点还是非共线性组合位点均存在不同程度LD,连锁不平衡P<0.05支持的对数占总对数的21.65%;202份大豆品种被划分为3个亚群,亚群POP1与POP3之间遗传距离最小（0.03）,亚群POP2与POP3之间遗传距离最大（0.35）;两种模型共同检测到11个SSR标记与灰斑病10号生理小种抗性显著关联,其中位于3号染色体上的Satt549的贡献率最大,可解释表型变异14.74%;具有增效效应的等位变异共有24个,增效效应超过10的等位变异有7个,增效效应最大为Satt703-247（19.62）,典型载体材料为合丰29;其次是Satt587-185（19.58）,典型载体材料为东农50;Satt549位点增效等位变异的平均效应值最高（13.87）,Sat_366位点增效等位变异的平均效应值最低（0.84）。聚合优异等位变异和载体材料可为培育抗灰斑病品种的亲本选配和后代等位条带辅助选择提供依据。     

通过关联分析鉴定与花生脂肪酸含量相关分子标记

油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸是花生油脂中最主要的3种脂肪酸,其含量是影响花生油脂品质的重要因素。提高油酸含量并降低亚油酸和棕榈酸含量是花生品质性状改良的重要方向之一。本研究利用292份中国花生种质资源材料及583个SSR标记基因型数据对四个环境下不同脂肪酸含量进行关联分析,分别检测到与油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸含量稳定关联标记14,14和9个,其中8个标记同时与上述3种脂肪酸含量稳定关联,分布在A02、A03、A08和A09染色体上。AHGS2050-226bp和AHGS3647-253bp是两个新关联标记的优异等位位点,在花生微微核心种质中证实,AHGS2050-226bp可提高油酸（9.99%～11.26%）并降低亚油酸（8.04%～9.31%）和棕榈酸含量（1.86%～1.97%）,AHGS3647-253bp可提高油酸（9.79%～10.44%）并降低亚油酸（8.09%～8.62%）和棕榈酸含量（1.81%～1.95%）。本研究鉴定的多环境稳定关联标记AHGS2050和AHGS3647具有辅助选择高油酸且低亚油酸和低棕榈酸品种的潜在应用价值。     

利用重组近交系群体检测花生青枯病抗性SSR标记

用抗青枯病花生品种远杂9102与感病品种Chico杂交，从F2起用单粒传法构建了花生重组近交系群体（RIL）F6和F7。采用354对SSR引物对重组近交系F6群体的基因组DNA鉴定，获得多态性标记45个。结合重组近交系群体F6和F7青枯病抗性鉴定结果，应用相关软件统计分析，构建了栽培种花生部分遗传连锁图。图谱总长度为603.9cM，含29个标记（28个SSR标记和1个表型标记）的8个连锁群，还有17个独立的SSR标记；获得了与青枯病抗性相关的SSR标记2个（7G02和PM137），位于该图谱的第1连锁群上，与青枯病抗性基因间的遗传距离为10.9cM和13.8cM，并且位于抗性基因的两侧，两标记间的距离为23.7cM。