桑枝杆栽培优质榆黄蘑成分分析

对桑枝杆粉、榆黄蘑鲜品和干品成分的测定结果,桑枝杆粉含纤维素25.3%、半纤维素19.1%、木质素24.3%、粗蛋白4.56%,C/N为66.2,是优良的培养基质;以它为基质所栽培的榆黄蘑鲜品每100 g中含维生素E20.1 mg、β-胡萝卜素85.5μg、镁18.72 mg、铁1.212 mg、锌0.680 mg、硒1.5μg。榆黄蘑干品含蛋白质25.0%、脂肪2.20%、粗纤维素26.3%、灰分7.15%,其有害成分总砷(以As计)0.12 mg/kg、铅(以Pb计)0.18mg/kg、总汞(以Hg计)0.027 mg/kg,均低于《绿色食品食用菌》标准的规定,未检出农药六六六、滴滴涕残留。     

播种密度对甜荞、苦荞芽苗菜生产的影响

研究播种密度对甜荞和苦荞芽苗菜生产的影响。结果表明:100cm2播种19g和22g分别为甜荞和苦荞芽苗菜生产的最佳播种密度,在此密度下,甜荞和苦荞芽苗菜的经济产量最高,分别为1.84kg/m2、1.57kg/m2。     

沙棘大果新品种秋阳的选育

秋阳是我们1989年从大果沙棘品种乌兰格木自然实生后代中选育的沙棘新品种。果实圆柱形,平均单果重0.69g,最大单果重0.78g;果实橙黄色,果柄长0.40～0.50cm;种子千粒重14.800g;可溶性固形物含量8.90%,有机酸含量1.60%,维生素C含量4800.00mg/kg,出汁率78.0%,总氨基酸含量1807.15mg/kg,含油量28.60%,类胡萝卜素含量241.00mg/kg,维生素E含量152.00mg/kg;汁液中黄酮含量63.21μg/mL;在吉林省长春市,果实8月上旬成熟,为早熟品种。2008年1月通过吉林省农作物品种审定委员会品种审定。     

小美牛肝菌的营养成分研究

对小美牛肝菌( Boletusspeciosus) 营养成分进行分析测定, 结果表明, 小美牛肝菌含有丰富的营养:蛋白质32-79% , 脂肪3-55 % , 碳水化合物10-7 % , 粗纤维6-9% , 灰分8-91 % , 每 100g 干重中, 维生素B20-183mg, 钾789mg, 钠103mg, 钙358mg, 镁125mg, 磷516mg, 铁为728mg/kg, 锌238mg/kg。同时测定了蛋白质中的氨基酸组成和脂肪中的脂肪酸组成。     

苋菜芽苗菜生物学性状及营养变化研究

以“青柳叶”、“红园叶紫”、“台湾绿叶”、“白园叶”、“绿园叶”、“红园叶红”6个苋菜品种为试材,采用育苗盘法生产芽苗菜,对芽苗菜的株高、茎粗、百株鲜重、叶面积、维生素C、还原糖、蛋白质等生物学性状进行了分析.结果表明:“台湾绿叶”与“绿园叶”的百株鲜重最高,分别为0.510、0.482 g;苋菜芽苗菜百株鲜重与株高呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9539;还原糖与维生素C含量呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.4779.“台湾绿叶”与“绿园叶”的维生素C含量最高,为4.34 mg/100gFW;“台湾绿叶”的蛋白质含量最高,为80.37mg/100g;“青柳叶”的还原糖含量最高,为0.28 mg/100g.综合选择出适合生产芽苗菜的苋菜品种为“青柳叶”和“台湾绿叶”.     

不同光质对苦荞芽苗菜生长和品质的影响

以荧光灯白光为对照,苦荞为试验材料,设蓝色(B)、红色(R)、绿色(G)、红蓝3︰1(R:B=3:1)4个处理,研究不同光质LED植物灯对苦荞芽苗菜生长、光合色素含量和营养品质的影响,结果显示:苦荞芽苗菜的株高、干重和鲜重在红光下最高,但干鲜比是蓝光下最高。白光处理下的叶绿素含量明显高于其他处理,类胡萝卜素在各处理下无明显差别。红蓝复合光下可溶性糖含量最高,氨基酸在蓝光下最高,纤维素含量是绿光下最高;Vc含量以白光最高。芦丁含量在蓝光处理下最高,含量为3.29mg/g。结论:在苦荞芽苗菜工厂化生产过程中可以根据生产需要选择不同的光质来进行光环境调节。     

柴达木大肥菇子实体营养成分分析与评价

经测定,柴达木大肥菇子实体含粗蛋白24.0%、粗脂肪2.10%、粗纤维17.32%、碳水化合物34.91%、灰分13.65%;必需氨基酸(5.215 g/100g)占氨基酸总量(15.88 g/100g)的35.84%;含维生素B20.107 mg/100g、维生素B3(烟酸)8.168 mg/100g;l kg子实体含钾118 mg、磷38.5 mg、硫272.6 mg、钙624.9 mg、铜11.07 mg、铁163.4 mg、镁608.6 mg、锰5.77 mg和钠223.5 mg。     

有机与无机肥料配施对微型结球白菜生长及品质的影响

在施肥总量完全一致的条件下,研究有机、无机肥料不同配比对微型结球白菜生长、产量、产值以及营养品质的综合影响.试验结果表明,单施有机肥或单施无机化肥均比有机、无机肥料混配施用效果差;采用有机:无机=2:1处理的综合效果表现最好,其产量、净产值,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量最高,分别为41.946 t/hm2、7.93万元/hm2、40.2g/kg、3.8 g/g;粗纤维含量最低(93.4 mg/kg),维生素C(274.7 mg/kg)、硝酸盐(746.8 mg/kg)舍量中等.     

甜荞麦品种生产芽苗菜比较试验

为了筛选出产量较高的生产芽苗菜的甜荞麦品种,进行了甜荞麦芽苗菜品种比较试验。结果表明:在重庆市气候条件下,用普通钢架大棚生产甜荞麦芽苗菜,酉阳甜荞和西大花荞平均每盘产量分别达到了0.518 kg、0.508 kg。综合产量、苗高、脱壳率等指标,选用酉阳甜荞和西大花荞较为合适。同时,试验表明烹调方法对荞麦芽菜食用感观有较大影响,荞麦芽菜在沸水中不宜久煮。     

三叶木通果实营养成分分析

为探明三叶木通果实的营养成分，测定鲜果的蛋白、糖、氨基酸、维生素C、粗脂肪及矿质元素的含量。结果表明，三叶木通果实的总蛋白含量为1.64%，含有17种水解氨基酸，其中7种为人体必需氨基酸，天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、脯氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸的含量均高于0.50 mg/g；总糖、还原唐和粗纤维的含量分别为6.42%、5.79%和3.91%；维生素C含量为10.22 mg/kg；粗脂肪为4.02g/100g；矿质营养中K、Ca、Mg等元素含量较高（>500mg/kg）,Al、Fe、Ze和Na含量介于3.68～30.01mg/kg，含有微量元素Se，含量为0.01 mg/kg。结果表明，三叶木通果实具有较高的营养价值。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.