青海贵德黑藏羊羊毛品质分析

随机选取青海贵德黑藏羊毛样进行了分析。结果表明贵德黑藏羊公、母羊毛辫长度平均分别为26.65cm和24.157cm。羊毛纤维类型的重量百分比,公、母羊粗毛、两型毛、绒毛和干死毛分别平均为46.01%、22.85%、30.74%、0.40%,净绒率为76.77%;毛纤维细度公、母羊粗毛、两型毛、绒毛分别平均为53.88μm、25.43μm、20.45μm。表明,黑藏羊毛具有毛辫长度长,粗毛、绒毛、两型毛比例适中,且干死毛含量少,毛纤维细,净绒率高的特性。     

"优质细毛羊(无角类型)培育"效果分析

通过对新疆巴州种畜场中国美利奴羊开展以改善群体毛纤维细度为主要目标的培育,5年取得初步成效.经羊毛纤维抽样检验,成年母羊、育成公羊和育成母羊毛纤维直径分别平均为20.39、19.64和1 9.85μm,比5年前的老群体平均毛纤维细度总体提高一个细度支数.新类群内毛纤维直径21.5 μm以细的个体比例分别为成年母羊77.78%、育成公羊84.71%、育成母羊85%;羊毛净毛率（穿衣后）分别为育成公羊68.51%、育成母羊69.37%;新类群羊羊毛平均自然长度成年母羊、育成公羊和育成母羊分别为8.95、11.85和11.56 cm;其它性状的优良率育成公羊和育成母羊分别为：被毛密度M3占85.6%和70.03%,被毛手感S3占98.4%和97.6%,羊毛弯曲W3占93.2%和94.96%,羊毛油汗H3占91.6%和88.59%.与4年前相比：羊毛自然长度有所降低;被毛手感、羊毛弯曲、羊毛油汗有显著改善;被毛密度差异不显著,净毛率差异不显著.     

藏西北绒山羊产绒性能研究

对西藏那曲尼玛县、阿里日土县两个原种场的绒山羊绒纤维细度、自然长度、产绒量进行测定.结果表明:两地绒山羊绒产量、细度、长度差异均不显著,绒山羊不同性别绒品质(细度)的指标均优于我国其它绒山羊品种如河西绒山羊、辽宁绒山羊、内蒙古绒山羊.尼玛绒山羊成年公羊、母羊平均绒纤维细度分别为14.00 μm和13.33μm,分别比选育前的平均细度公15.32μm、母16.02μm细1.32μm 和2.69μm;选育后日土县成年绒山羊公、母羊细度分别为13.58μm和13.57μm,平均细度比选育前13.72μm细0.14μm;绒纤维主体细度14μm以下的分别占65.2%和76.19%;绒自然长度4 cm以上的分别占81.56 %和78.87 %;选育前后2县成年山羊平均产绒量分别为188.04 g、180.60 g和278.57 g、279.60 g,个体平均产绒量分别比选育前提高了48.14 %和54.82 %;纯白个体达到95%以上.     

西藏阿旺绵羊羊毛品质分析

旨在进一步阐明阿旺绵羊种质资源特征,为制定阿旺绵羊羊毛生产与质量控制标准提供科学依据。采用现场鉴定和实验室检测方法对270份采集自不同年龄、不同性别阿旺绵羊不同部位的羊毛样品品质进行分析研究。现场测定结果表明：阿旺绵羊成年公、母羊的平均羊毛长度分别为90.3、71.0 mm,平均剪毛量分别为1.35、1.00 kg;育成公、母羊平均羊毛长度分别为61.5、58.3 mm,平均剪毛量分别为1.08、0.84 kg;阿旺绵羊油汗颜色为白色或乳白色,油汗含量以1/2、1/3为主。实验室检测结果表明：成年公羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为95.40、99.68、115.44 mm,成年母羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为65.72、62.39、83.06 mm;育成公羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为80.52、86.11、103.63 mm,育成母羊肩、侧、股3个部位毛长度分别为62.95、64.53、78.95 mm;采自3个不同部位的270份羊毛样品的纤维类型平均占比分别为：无髓毛占72.98%,有髓毛占21.31%,两型毛占5.47%;无髓毛平均直径为25.97 μm,直径离散26.79%;有髓毛平均直径为69.59 μm,直径离散23.63%;两型毛平均直径为41.99 μm,直径离散26.65%;粗毛纤维直径范围为24.66-72.15 μm,肩、侧、股部的纤维直径变化无规律。     

巴什拜羊毛绒品质分析

对新疆塔城地区377只巴什拜羊毛绒样品进行了细度、长度、含绒率等6个参数的检测,旨在分析巴什拜羊毛绒的品质现状。结果表明:巴什拜羊有髓毛平均细度为37.57±5.83μm,无髓毛平均细度为21.16±3.46μm,无髓毛平均长度为38±6 mm,净毛率为62.80%±9.27%,含绒率为59.07%±16.64%,油脂含量为7.17%±3.04%,无髓毛与有髓毛色度存在显著差异(P0.05),无髓毛的Wht(白度)、L(光泽度)明显高于有髓毛,YI(黄度)低于有髓毛。研究发现巴什拜羊羊毛在无髓毛细度、净毛率、含绒率方面均比较优良,为今后巴什拜羊育种提供了理论基础。     

也木勒羊毛绒品质检测分析

试验对133只也木勒羊的毛绒样品开展了净毛率、毛绒纤维类型、细度、长度、色度等参数检测,分析了也木勒羊毛绒品质和利用价值。结果表明:也木勒羊羊毛平均净毛率61.20%;肩部的绒细度主体范围18.01~23.00μm,说明也木勒羊整体细度较细;长度主体范围50.01~90.00 mm,占样本总数的96.99%,说明长度范围较集中,分布较均匀。     

高原型藏羊毛绒资源品质分析

实验对88只西藏自治区地方绵羊品种——高原型藏羊的毛绒样品开展了油脂率、净毛率、绒毛含量、手排长度、细度、色度参数的检测,旨在分析高原型藏羊羊毛绒品质和利用价值。结果表明:高原型藏羊羊毛平均净毛率76.72%,平均绒含量44.81%,羊绒平均细度32.01μm、平均手排长度55.65 mm、平均白度69.22。该实验发现,高原型藏羊能够生产绵羊绒,对其进行优种选育,可提高其纺织加工价值。     

中国双峰驼绒毛品质和纤维类型分析

为了进一步了解我国不同种群双峰驼绒毛生产特性,试验采集我国阿拉善、北疆、南疆、肃北和青海地区158份双峰驼被毛样品,分别测定绒层厚度,粗毛和绒毛的长度、细度,并观察粗毛和绒毛的显微结构。结果表明:不同地区双峰驼的粗毛长度、细度及绒毛长度、细度间均存在极显著差异(P0.01)。肃北驼绒毛最细,平均细度为(14.93±1.41)μm,绒层厚度和绒毛长度适中,总体来看,肃北驼绒毛品质较好。通过显微结构观察,骆驼绒毛均为无髓毛,粗毛分为无髓毛、间断性髓质毛和连续性髓质毛,分别占5%、6%、89%。     

晋中绵羊毛绒资源品质分析

本试验对111只山西省地方绵羊品种晋中绵羊的毛绒样品开展了细度、长度、强力、色度、光泽度、净毛率、油脂率、毛绒纤维类型等参数检测,旨在分析晋中绵羊毛绒品质和利用价值。结果表明,晋中绵羊羊毛平均净毛率为80.30%;通过纤维类型检测结果发现晋中绵羊含有绒纤维,平均绒含量为46.91%;晋中绵羊肩部的绵羊绒细度主体范围在19.01~23.00 μm之间,细度在19.00 μm以下的占18.02%,说明晋中绵羊整体细度较细;长度主体范围在20~60 mm之间,占样本总数的80.19%,长度范围较宽,长度分布较分散,个体差异较大。本试验发现了晋中绵羊能够生产绵羊绒,而且其中一部分纺织加工价值显著高于山羊绒和细羊毛。     

陇东白绒山羊品种类群羊绒物理性状分析报告

采样分析新培育的陇东白绒山羊品种类群成年公、母羊羊绒主要物理性状。结果,羊绒细度、伸直长度、强度、伸度、被毛含绒率的平均值分别为14.83μm、77.76mm、3.85g、35.91%、36.52%。表明该类群的羊绒品质优良,羊绒细度符合国际羊绒精纺要求,羊绒长度达到等优绒,羊绒强度、伸度和被毛含绒率达到同类羊理想水平。     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.     

Diversity of Ectoparasites in Sheep Flocks in Sa~o Paulo,Brazil

The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.     

Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ

An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.     

Serum biochemical values and mineral element contents of tissues in yaks

Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein     

Avian brood parasitism — a growing research area in behavioral ecology (part Ⅱ)

正We are pleased to publish the second special issue on avian brood parasitism and to be responsible guest editors for the two special issues of Chinese Birds (Vol. 3, No. 4, 2012 and Vol. 4, No. 1, 2013), entitled "Avian Brood Parasitism - A Growing Research Area in Behavioral Ecology". The first issue was published in December 2012. The goal of the two special issues is to publish accumulated knowledge and some of the recent developments in     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -