黑枣苗氮磷营养及经济施肥的研究

试验采用苗床施肥，结果表明，肥料用量适宜促进营养元素吸收利用，７～８月份苗木叶片含氮量３．５％～４．０％、含磷量０．２％～０．３％、含钾量１．０％或稍高时，苗木生长良好。在该试验条件下，施Ｐ２Ｏ５１２０ｋｇ／ｈａ、施纯氮１８０ｋｇ／ｈａ左右，幼苗产量、质量及施肥利润均达到较高水平。     

杉木种子园单亲子代测定研究

对福建省８个初选家系进行子代测定，采用随机区组设计，１８次重复，对１年生、２年生、３年生和１０年生的高、径、冠幅、轮盘数、分枝数和材积等性状进行测定，试验结果表明：沙县４８号家系为中选家系，各项生长显著高于其它家系，１０年生材积生长比总体平均高２２．７％，比对照高２６．０％，可作为营建杉木一代改良种子园的材料。     

马尾松（桐棉种源）不同苗龄造林试验研究

通过对７年生不同苗龄造林试验进行观测，其结果表明采用半年生苗造林其树高、胸径、公顷蓄积比百日苗分别提出了１２．０％、１０．０％、４３．２％。     

火炬松,湿地松抗松枯梢病,松针褐斑病种源和个体选择的研究

南京老山林场火炬松、湿地松种源试验林在１０ａ生时（１９９１年）开始感染松枯梢病和松针褐斑病,病情日趋严重,在１３ａ生（１９９４年）和１５ａ生（１９９６年）时两次重复测定感病和生长变异,火炬松不同种源感病和生长变异均极显著,两者间及年度间相关极显著。按照选择指数的大小选出抗病、生长优良种源４个即９号（佛罗里达·纳索）,１０号（路易斯安那·利文斯通）,１２号（阿拉巴马·埃尔卡拉）和１９号（佐治亚·爱克特）,其选择指数比平均值大２１．４３％～４８．１０％,感病指数低３３．７１％～４９．５３％,树高大７．３２％～１３．５２％,胸径大７．５０％～１７．１９％。同时选出两年重复测定均优良的单株４０多株（占总株数６．７％左右,其中优良种源占５０％）,其感病级别０～Ⅰ级,生长量比平均值大１０％以上。湿地松种源间感病变异不显著,生长虽然有一定变异,但两者相关不显著。选择主要在个体间进行。已选出并经两年重复测定均优良的单株２０多株（占总株数３．３％左右）,其感病级别为０～Ⅰ级,生长量比平均值大１０％以上。     

云南松优树半同胞子代测定

用４６株云南松优树种子，以优树林分的一般林木种子、商品种子和扭松种子作对照，开展了子代测定，综合评选出优良家系１４个。测算出树高、胸径、材积、直纹株率、木纹理扭转度的遗传力分别为０，６３８１、０．７１９２、０．６６５７、０．７９１０、０．９５２４。用中选的优良家系（入选率３０％）估算遗传增益，材积生长量比亲代群体提高１０％以上，比商品种子子代提高２０％以上；直纹株率比亲代提高８１．１８％，比商品种子提高６４．２６％。云南松的早期选择可在３～５年生时进行。子代的材积生长与亲本无关。     

杨树速生丰产用材林中径材大面积栽培试验研究简报

在全省４个栽培区栽培试验林８３３．３ｈａ，系统地进行了品系选择、栽植密度、间作混交、病虫害防治、壮苗培育及林木水分生理、生物学特性和生长规律等试验研究，试验期１０年。在大面积栽培条件下，北京杨１０龄林每公顷平均蓄积１８３ｍ３以上，在黄土高原半湿润栽培区其生长量均高于其他参试品种或品系，为对照树种小叶杨的３４０％。１０龄林以株行距５ｍ×５ｍ密度型，生长旺盛，是培育中径材的理想密度。林地间作农作物可使林木单株材积生长且提高３．０～３．６倍。     

湿地松幼林环保监测初报

在湿地松示范林内进行水土保持监测结果显示：造林区全年地表迳流为１７９．９ｔ／ｈａ，对照区为２８５．５ｔ／ｈａ，对照区比造林区高５８．７％；固体迳流量造林区为０．０７３１ｔ／ｈａ，对照区为０．１３４３ｔ／ｈａ，对照区高于造林区８３．３％；养分流失量对照区为１９．９８５３ｋｇ／ｈａ，造林区平均为１１．８０８５ｋｇ／ｈａ，对照区高于造林区６９．２％。造林区林木生长良好。     

乌桕皮油,梓油高含量品系定向选育的研究

经定向培育、连续测定，结合其表型性状与经济性状进行综合评价，从２１外无性系中育出无３、无４，无２０、无１３、和无６、无１２、无１１、无１０分别为高皮油与高梓油含量品系，其皮油的平均含量为７４．５％，高的达７５．０％（无４）；梓油的平均含量为６４．１％，高的达６５．０６％（无１２）。经多年测定，高皮油与高梓油含量品系的均具较好的丰产性，稳定性和可遗传性。     

马尖相思利用价值的研究

通过木材物理力学性质、木材热值、木材化学性质的测定，树皮单宁的定性、定量分析，树叶饲用成分的分析测定，生物量的测定等得出：木材宜做人造板、细木工、刨切单板等；木材有效热值高，属优质生物质燃料；木材综纤维素含量达７４．５％，适合制浆造纸。４年生树皮单宁含量达３２．８％，纯度８２．４％，属凝缩类，为优质栲胶原料。树叶含粗脂肪３．０％以上，粗蛋白１０％～１４．１７％，含１７种氨基酸，有开发利用饲料的价值。生物量大，４．５年生幼林地上部分生物量达２３．４８ｔ／ｈｍ￣２年；林下土壤０～３０ｃｍ内的有效氮含量比西南桦、山桂花、高阿丁枫三种人工纯林高２．１６％～２．３６％；比天然林高１．８８％～２．１９％，是优良的固氮树种。其经济效益显著，４．５～３．５年生人工纯林投入产出比分别为１：７．３７，１：４．４９。     

湿地松不同家系造林增产效益研究

在子代测定的基础上筛选出优良单亲家系进行中试造林，探讨了各家系相互间在有无竞争的条件下其生长量的差异。在家系间相互存在竞争的情况下，１０年生国产湿地松单亲家系比对照（进口商品种子）材积生长增产２４．５％，最优家系０－１０２７材积增产达７０．３％；在没有竞争的条件下，６年生家系试验林比对照林分增产７５．３８％，其中最优家系０－１０２７比对照林分增产１２０％，家系示范林比对照林分增产８３．０８％。     

云南高氏甜龙竹苗木质量分级及造林效果

为保障高氏甜龙竹（商品名）苗木质量,提高造林效果,在昆明市嵩明县、富民县,保山市昌宁县,玉溪市元江县开展了播种育苗和扦插育苗试验,以苗高、地径为分级指标研究了高氏甜龙竹1年生苗的分级标准。结果显示,不同地区苗木的分级标准具有一定差异,其中富民县和元江县对Ⅰ级苗的要求较高,富民县Ⅰ级播种苗要求苗高≥8.31 m、地径≥4.63 cm,元江县Ⅰ级扦插苗要求苗高≥6.55 m、地径≥3.67 cm。高氏甜龙竹不同育苗方式,其苗木生长状况存在差异,表现为播种苗的各项生长指标均好于扦插苗,特别是根系的生长状况和每丛株数,播种苗的平均根系数量、根系总质量、每丛株数分别是扦插苗的7.07倍、7.13倍和6.69倍,表明播种苗以后的生长潜力更大。不同等级的高氏甜龙竹苗木的造林效果,无论是播种苗还是扦插苗,Ⅰ级苗的造林成活率均达到100%,Ⅱ级苗的造林成活率也可达到95%以上,Ⅲ级苗的造林成活率均低于82%。     

云南龙竹实生苗质量分级探讨

为评价云南龙竹实生苗质量,以其半年生实生苗为研究对象,以地径、苗高、每丛株数为苗木质量分级指标,采用K均值聚类法及标准差法确定苗木质量等级。结果表明：云南龙竹实生苗苗高、地径与其他生长指标之间均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),以苗高、地径和每丛株数作为苗木质量等级划分的依据是可行的。经综合评定,确定云南龙竹半年生实生苗质量分级标准为：Ⅰ级苗高度≥37 cm、地径≥3 mm、每丛株数≥4;Ⅱ级苗27≤苗高<37 cm、2≤地径<3 mm、3≤每丛株数<4株;Ⅲ级苗16≤苗高<27 cm、1≤地径<2 mm、2≤每丛株数<3株。研究结果可为云南龙竹苗木等级进一步划分和良种选育提供科学依据。     

攀西安宁河谷南抗杨、四季杨引种试验初报

南抗杨和四季杨是近年来选育出的速生树种新品种 ,我们于 2 0 0 1年在攀西地区首次引种进行扦插和造林试验。结果表明 :两树种在攀西地区安宁河流域 1 5 0 0～ 2 1 0 0m河谷地段适应性强、生长旺盛。但南抗杨扦插生根能力高于四季杨和滇杨 ,2a生南抗杨幼树根径生长量高于四季杨 2 2 1 % ,其高生长量大于四季杨的 30 3% ,2a生幼树根生物产量高于四季杨的 5 0 3%。两树种在安宁河流域能较好地适生 ,可以大面积推广。     

Recent trends in nursery practice in New Zealand

The plantation resource in New Zealand is now 1.73 million hectares, of which 90% is Pinus radiataD. Don (radiata pine). The resource has been expanding at over 50,000 ha per year since 1992, although new planting is currently declining. In 1998, new planting and restocking of previously clear-felled areas was 81,100 ha. Initial stocking rates vary, but are typically in the range of 800–1000 plants per hectare, requiring around 80 million nursery plants to be raised per year.Sufficient open-pollinated seed is produced for New Zealand requirements. An increasing proportion of more expensive control-pollinated seed is being used to increase genetic gain. This has led to increased use of vegetative propagation by cuttings and tissue culture, providing more than 25% of current planting stock. These propagules, especially cuttings, often have better early performance compared with seedlings, perhaps because of their larger size. Clonal forestry options are also now being evaluated.Seedling quality specifications have been well defined for bare-root radiata pine, but not well quantified for more recent plant types such as vegetative propagules or container-grown plants. Both root system quality and physiological age can be important for vegetative propagules. These propagules, especially cuttings with a physiological age of less than 4 years, have performed as well as seedlings for growth, and have been better than seedlings for stem form and early stability. Container-growing of planting stock is being introduced with this more valuable genetic material, and issues of plant quality are being raised, as it is expensive to grow large stock in containers. More research should be done to determine what plant quality standards are required to ensure successful establishment with these stock types.     

Alley cropping of sorghum with Leucaena during the post-rainy season on Vertisols in semi-arid India

A field experiment was conducted for two years (1989– 1991) on a Vertisol in Bijapur, India in a split-plot design, replicated four times, to evaluate the potential of alley cropping post-rainy season sorghum between Leucaena hedgerows. Leucaena produced on average 2.74 t per ha of prunings and 1.57 t per ha of wood annually. Alley cropping decreased sorghum yields by 28 to 45% when all Leucaena prunings were removed from the system and by 21 to 24%, when on average 1.92 t per ha prunings were applied to the soil annually. The reduction of sorghum yield increased as higher rates of N were applied to sorghum. Although alley cropping increased organic carbon by 21% and available N by 19% at the time of crop sowing, it did not result in increased crop yields because of competition for water between hedgerows and crops. Calculation of land equivalent ratios based on total Leucaena biomass indicated that alley cropping was more productive than sole cropping of sorghum only in one year, and that, too, when no N was applied to sorghum. Therefore, alley cropping of Vertisols with post-rainy season sorghum is not likely to have any advantage in the short term. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

印度紫檀苗木分级研究

采用逐步聚类分析方法,对印度紫檀容器苗苗木的分级标准进行了探讨。提出了以苗高和地径作为该树种苗木分级的质量指标,并得出印度紫檀苗木的3类(级)分级标准,即:Ⅰ级苗:苗高≥29 6cm,地径≥0 33cm;Ⅱ级苗:29 6cm〉树高≥19 6cm,0 33cm〉地径≥0 27cm;Ⅲ级苗:树高〈19 6cm,地径〈0 27cm。     

沾益板栗高头换接改造技术及其实效

沾益县具有较大面积的实生低产板栗园。 1998年采用在曲靖表现良好的红油栗、黑油栗、鸡腰栗、早大栗、特早栗、磨盘栗 6个板栗优良无性系对低产栗园进行高头换接改造 ,并加强对改造后栗园的管理 ,取得了良好的效果。改造后 ,6个优良无性系第 2～ 4年每hm2 平均产量分别达 6 73 2kg、 174 5 7kg和 1881kg ,结实率达 10 0 %。最高的早大栗第 2年平均每hm2 产 2 4 88 2kg ,超过了国家规定的丰产标准 ,其坚果的品质亦达优于全国的水平。除介绍实生栗园的改造效果外 ,还系统地介绍了低产栗园的高头换接改造技术及改造后的树体管理技术     

Fertilization practice in Finnish forest nurseries from the standpoint of environmental impact

In 1996 a questionnaire concerning actualsystems and practices used in production ofseedlings was sent to 33 Finnish forestnurseries. A total of 28 nurseries answered thequestionnaire. These replies represented about80% of the total production of forestseedlings in Finland. The nurseries used about200 metric tons of fertilizers in 1996, whichwas about 25% of the fertilizer use in 1976.Explanations for the decrease in fertilizationare the shift from bareroot production tocontainer production and the decrease in totalproduction from 190 to 150 million seedlings.Finnish nurseries applied about 100 mg N and50 mg P per container seedling shipped, and820 mg N and 240 mg P per bareroot seedling.The mean annual applications of N and P in 1996were about 180 kg/ha and 90 kg/ha for containerstock and 130 kg N/ha and 40 kg P/ha forbareroot stock. However, the variation betweennurseries was large.     

白银地区优良林草品种选择与林草复合经营技术试验

对优良林草品种的选择和林草复合经营技术试验结果表明 :引进的速生杨、速生柳各无性系间的扦插繁育和植苗造林成活率均不存在显著性差异 ;速生杨、柳苗期生长量与对照 (新疆杨、旱柳 )相比差异显著 ,90 %以上可当年育成一级壮苗 ,造林后速生杨、柳幼树初期生长量显著快于对照 ;引进的美国紫花苜蓿品种在林草复合经营中的品质和产量与对照相比有明显优势 ;林草间作的经济效益远远高于普通农作物种植 ,林草复合系统中草的收益完全可以保证林木成材前幼林的抚育费用 ,并可实现盈利 90 0～ 15 0 0元 /hm2 。