Potential estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects of permethrin in rats

Many environmental chemicals including pesticides have been reported to possess hormonal activities, and thus are classified as endocrine disruptors. Permethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid insecticide, is used worldwide, which provides potential environmental exposure. However, relatively few studies have reported on hormonal activities, particularly estrogenic and androgenic activities of permethrin, and the results of these studies are in some respects contradictory. Therefore, this study investigated the potential estrogenic and androgenic activities of permethrin in vitro and in vivo. We conducted an uterine Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) gene expression assay and an uterotrophic assay for estrogenic activity, and a Hershberger assay for androgenic activity. The CaBP-9k gene, one of the intracellular calcium binding proteins, is estrogen-responsive in the uterus. The rat uterotrophic and Hershberger assays are generally used as in vivo short-term screening assays for detecting the estrogenic and androgenic activities of chemicals, although these assays are still being validated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Northern blot analysis showed the induction of uterine CaBP-9k mRNA level in response to permethrin as well as co-administration of permethrin with E2. In the uterotrophic assay using 18-day-old female rats, subcutaneous treatments with permethrin (10 to 800 mg/kg) for three days increased relative uterine wet weights, and E2-induced uterine weights. These effects were statistically significant at 800 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, permethrin-induced uterine weights were inhibited by the co-administration of ICI 182,780, an antiestrogen. In the Hershberger assay, the administration of permethrin orally to testosterone propionate-treated castrated male rats led to statistically significant reductions in androgen-dependent sex accessory tissue (ventral prostate, seminal vesicles, levator ani and bulbocavernosus muscles, Cowper's gland and glans penis) weights at all doses tested (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg). These results suggest that permethrin might have estrogen-like effects on female rats, but antiandrogen-like effects on males.     

Evaluation of drug-induced prostatic involution in dogs by transabdominal B-mode ultrasonography

The relative antiandrogen-induced prostate involution activity of the newly synthesized hydroxyflutamide pro-drug was compared with that of flutamide in 25 Beagles. Secondary antiandrogen activity of both drugs on the testes and mammary tissue was investigated. Daily oral administration of both compounds at 2 dosages (ie, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg of body weight) during a 7-week period was monitored by transabdominal ultrasonography of the prostate twice a week. Cross-sectional area estimates of the prostate gland calculated from oblique dorsoventral, and transverse sonographic measurements were diminished significantly in some of the treated dogs as early as day 14 of drug administration. All treated dogs had significant differences in reduction by day 47. Involution was related directly to dose (P less than 0.05), but no difference was observed between test compounds. Differences in secondary antiandrogen activity were not remarkable. Flutamide was not found to have any activity advantage in vivo over hydroxyflutamide. It was concluded that ultrasonography can be a highly effective means of monitoring prostate size, and of monitoring drug-induced involution over time.     

L-茶氨酸对氧化应激断奶仔猪生长性能及血液生化指标的影响

本研究探讨了L-茶氨酸对氧化应激断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力及免疫功能的影响。试验采用2×2二因素设计,160头断奶仔猪（7.53 kg±0.51 kg）随机分为4个处理组：1组（日粮中不添加L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射5 mL生理盐水）;2组（日粮中不添加L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射8 mg/kg体重敌快死）;3组（日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射5 mL生理盐水）;4组（日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg L-茶氨酸,腹腔注射8 mg/kg体重敌快死）。预试期7 d,正试期28 d。结果显示：①与1组相比,2组仔猪平均日增重（ADG）和平均日采食量（ADFI）显著降低,而料重比显著升高（P<0.05）;与2组相比,4组仔猪ADG显著增加（P<0.05）。②与1组相比,2组仔猪血清丙二醛（MDA）含量显著增加,而总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性显著下降（P<0.05）,3组仔猪血清MDA显著降低,而T-AOC显著增加（P<0.05）;与2组相比,4组仔猪血清MDA含量显著降低,而T-AOC和GSH-Px活性显著上升（P<0.05）。③与1组相比,2组仔猪血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4水平显著增加,C3和C4水平显著下降（P<0.05）,3组仔猪血清IgA、IgG和IL-4水平显著降低,而C3和C4水平显著增加（P<0.05）;与2组相比,4组仔猪血清IgA、IgG、IL-2、IL-4水平显著降低,而血清C3水平显著增加（P<0.05）。结果表明,注射敌快死可引发仔猪氧化应激,造成生长性能下降、体液免疫能力下降;日粮中添加1 000 mg/kg L-茶氨酸可缓解仔猪氧化损伤,提高氧化应激仔猪的生长性能、抗氧化能力和体液免疫能力。     

德州驴盲结肠食糜液中纤维降解酶活性与挥发性脂肪酸含量的比较分析

本试验旨在比较分析德州驴盲结肠食糜液中纤维降解酶活性以及挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)的含量。采集9头德州驴的盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液样品,经4层纱布过滤后,通过分光光度计法测定羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、微晶纤维素酶(AVI)、木聚糖纤维素酶(Xlyse)、阿魏酸酯酶(FAE)和乙酰酯酶(AE)活性,此外,使用气相色谱法测定VFA含量,每个指标3个平行。结果表明：CMCase、AVI与Xlyse活性在驴盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液中依次增加(P<0.05),而FAE活性在驴盲结肠间无显著差异(P>0.05)。驴背结肠食糜液中AE活性显著高于盲肠与腹结肠(P<0.05)。乙酸摩尔比例在驴盲肠、腹结肠和背结肠食糜液中依次显著增加(P<0.05),丙酸摩尔比例依次降低(P<0.05)。而且驴结肠食糜液中支链VFA含量显著高于盲肠(P<0.05)。综上所述,本研究明确了驴盲结肠食糜液具有较高的催化水解饲料细胞壁半纤维素与木质素分子间酯键连接的FAE和AE活性,随着驴后肠段逐渐后移,驴盲肠、腹结肠与背结肠食糜液中乙酸摩尔比例依次增加,丙酸摩尔比例依次降低。     

硬毛粗盖孔菌饲料添加剂对牛体重及免疫功能的影响

为研究硬毛粗盖孔菌饲料添加剂对牛体重、血液生化指标及免疫功能的影响,本文采用单因素试验,选择体重相近的12月龄西门塔尔公牛20头,随机分成4组,每组5头,A组饲喂基础日粮为空白对照,B、C、D组在基础日粮中分别添加1%、3%、5%的硬毛粗盖孔菌饲料添加剂。试验期为30 d。在试验结束时测定牛的体重、生化指标及免疫功能。结果表明:与空白组相比,(1)试验B、C、D组的平均日增重(ADF)分别提高了20.1%、52.97%和29.4%(P<0.01),饲料转化率分别提高了16.54%、34.59%和22.56%;(2)B组的尿素(UREA)降低了10.39%(P<0.05);C组的尿素(UREA)和胆固醇(TCHE)降低了11.35%和6.63%(P<0.05),血糖(GLUC)则提高了8.39%(P<0.05);D组的尿素(UREA)和胆固醇(TCHE)降低了10.96%和6.31%(P<0.05),血糖(GLUC)和总蛋白(TP)提高了7.04%和5.35%(P<0.05);(3)免疫指标中C组的IgA、IL-2、IL-4分别提高了27.99%、39.02%和37.63%(P<0.05),IgG提高了21.06%(P<0.01);D组中IFN-γ提高了15.58%(P<0.05),IgG提高了15.64%(P<0.01)。因此,硬毛粗盖孔菌饲料添加剂可以提高西门塔尔公牛的体重和免疫功能。     

妊娠后期限饲蒙古绵羊对其胎盘生长发育及胎盘块类型的影响

本试验旨在研究妊娠后期限饲蒙古绵羊对其胎盘生长发育及胎盘块类型分布的影响。选择健康蒙古绵羊42只(经同期发情且受孕),于妊娠90 d选择6只母羊进行屠宰,其余按体重随机分配到3个组:0.175 MJ/(kgW0.75.d)(RG1:n=14)、0.33 MJ/(kgW0.75.d)(RG2:n=12)和自由采食组0.67 MJ/(kgW0.75.d)(CG:n=10),进行不同能量水平饲养至妊娠140 d,再选择6只母羊进行屠宰。结果表明:妊娠后期限饲母羊严重影响了RG1组(P<0.01)、RG2组(P<0.05)的胎盘重及胎儿重(P<0.01);RG1组A类型胎盘块重量(P<0.01)、数量(P<0.01)与RG2组A类型胎盘块数量(P<0.05)显著低于CG组;RG1组B类型胎盘块重量(P<0.05)、数量(P<0.01)与RG2组B类型胎盘块数量(P<0.05)显著高于CG组;随着母体营养水平的降低,C、D类型胎盘块出现的几率增加,且C、D类型胎盘块血管数量显著高于A、B类型胎盘块血管数量(P<0.05)。这说明妊娠后期限饲蒙古绵羊影响了胎盘的生长发育,使得胎盘块数量、重量、类型和血管数量等发生了明显改变。     

Reproductive disorders in pubertal and adult phase of the male rats exposed to vinclozolin during puberty

Vinclozolin (VCZ) is a systemic dicarboximide fungicide with antiandrogenic activity. Reproductive toxicity of VCZ was investigated in male rats exposed to VCZ during puberty. Sprague-Dawley male rats aged with 35 days were assigned to six different groups; negative control, positive control receiving flutamide (100 mg/kg), VCZ (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg), and a combination of VCZ (200 mg/kg) + methyltestosterone (100 mg/kg). The animals were treated with test compounds by oral gavage daily during 35 to 44 days of age. In pubertal rats sacrificed on the next day after final treatment, VCZ or flutamide-treated group showed a decrease in weights of prostate, epididymis, and seminal vesicle, hypertrophy of Leydig cells in the testis, detached debris and sloughed cells in the tubules of the caput epididymis, and an increase in serum testosterone levels. On the other hand, combined treatment of VCZ + methyltestosterone decreased testicular weight, increased seminal vesicle weight, and induced degeneration of spermatocytes. In adult rats sacrificed at five weeks after final treatment, flutamide decreased testicular sperm counts, and VCZ, flutamide and VCZ + methyltestosterone also decreased epididymal sperm counts. In addition, treatment of VCZ (400 mg) or VCZ + methyltestosterone decreased some motion kinematic parameters of sperms including curvilinear velocity, mean angular displacement and lateral head displacement. Flutamide treatment also decreased lateral head displacement. These results indicate that VCZ exposure during pubertal period in male rats causes reproductive disorders in puberty and adulthood.     

半胱胺对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加半胱胺对宁乡猪胴体性状和肉品质的影响。选取日龄相近、体重约43kg的宁乡阉公猪30头,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复3头,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加80 mg/kg半胱胺,试验期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组屠宰率提高了3.04%(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组背最长肌滴水损失降低了21.83%(0.05≤P0.10)。3)与对照组相比,试验组背最长肌饱和脂肪酸中硬脂酸含量下降了6.71%(P0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸中反油酸含量降低了62.57%(P0.01),二十碳烯酸含量降低了28.02%(P0.01);多不饱和脂肪酸含量升高了7.14%(P0.05),其中亚油酸含量升高了7.89%(P0.05),二十碳三烯酸含量升高了34.10%(0.05≤P0.10),α-亚麻酸含量下降了15.87%(P0.01)。由此可知,在饲粮中添加半胱胺提高了宁乡猪屠宰率,通过降低硬脂酸和提高亚油酸的含量改善了肉品质。     

白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和血清指标的影响

本试验旨在研究白头翁皂苷B4对哺乳期犊牛生长性能和血清指标的影响.选取60头新生荷斯坦公犊牛,随机分为4组(每组15头),分别饲喂在代乳粉中添加0(C组)、15(A1组)、30(A2组)和45 mg/d(A3组)白头翁皂苷B4的饲粮.试验期56 d,其中预试期14 d,正试期42 d.每2周空腹称重、测量体尺,每日记录...     

Tail-biting in outdoor pig production

A study was performed in five identical outdoor production units in the same geographic area using growing-finishing pigs of similar genetic makeup, age, diet and feed management. The severity of tail-biting (TS) was scored 1-4. The average group prevalence of bitten tails at slaughter on different farms was between 14.1+/-2.1% and 20.1+/-3.0% (P<0.05). The odds of a barrow being bitten were 2.9 times higher than those for a gilt. The most frequently recorded score of bitten tails was TS3, indicating moderate wounds with low grade infection. The prevalence of bitten barrows was positively correlated with the percentage of gilts in a group (r = 0.54, P<0.001). Pigs with zero TS score had no significantly higher weights at slaughter compared to pigs with a score of TS1. As the TS increased from 1 to 4, weights decreased (TS 1 to TS 2 to 4, P<0.05). TS 3 and 4 were positively (P<0.001) associated with subsequent carcass condemnation. We concluded that outdoor rearing does not prevent tail-biting.     

鼠李糖乳杆菌对Caco-2细胞抗氧化功能和细胞因子分泌的影响

本研究旨在探明鼠李糖乳杆菌(L rhamnosus)对Caco-2细胞抗氧化和非特异免疫功能的影响.Caco-2 细胞分别用PBS(A组)、E.coli K88(B组)和L.rhamnosus(C组)处理,以及先用L.rhamnosus预处理,再用E.coli K88处理(D组).结果表明,B组细胞上清的T-AOC浓度显著降低(P＜0.01),SOD活力显著提高(P＜0.01),C组与此相反,并且细胞裂解液中的SOD活性显著提高(P＜0.05).B组和C组不同程度地促进APRIL的分泌(P＜0.01),而抑制IL-8的产生(P＜0.01).B组也抑制IL-10的产生,但C组却显著促进其分泌(P＜0.01).与B组相比,D组APRIL显著减少(P＜0.01),但IL-8和IL-10都显著增加(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结果提示,L.rhamnosus可提高Caco-2细胞的抗氧化能力,减轻炎症反应,具有保护作用和免疫佐剂的效果.     

Androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphisms in canine prostate cancer

Background: Relatively shorter lengths of the polymorphic polyglutamine repeat‐1 of the androgen receptor (AR) have been associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PC) in humans. In the dog, there are 2 polymorphic CAG repeat (CAGr) regions. Objective: To investigate the relationship of CAGr length of the canine AR‐gene and the development of PC. Animals: Thirty‐two dogs with PC and 172 control dogs were used. Methods: DNA was extracted from blood. Both CAG repeats were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR products were sequenced. Results: In dogs with PC, CAG‐1 repeat length was shorter (P= .001) by an increased proportion of 10 repeats (P= .011) and no 12 repeats (P= .0017) than in the control dogs. No significant changes were found in CAG‐3 length distribution. CAG‐1 and CAG‐3 polymorphisms proved not to be in linkage disequilibrium. Breed difference in allelic distribution was found in the control group. Of the prostate‐disease sensitive breeds, a high percentage (64.5%) of the shortest haplotype 10/11 was found in the Doberman, whereas Beagles and German Pointers had higher haplotype 12/11 (47.1 and 50%). Bernese Mountain dogs and Bouvier dogs both shared a high percentage of 11 CAG‐1 repeats and 13 CAG‐3 repeats. Differences in (combined) allelic distributions among breeds were not significant. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: In this preliminary study, short CAG‐1 repeats in the AR‐gene were associated with an increased risk of developing canine PC. Although breed‐specific differences in allelic distribution of CAG‐1 and CAG‐3 repeats were found, these could not be related to PC risk.     

葛叶粉对肉鸡生长性能及血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响

选择同一条件下饲养的21日龄体重相近的新广麻鸡母鸡384只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复16只,分别饲喂含0(对照组)、1%、2%和3%野葛(Pueraria lobata)叶粉的试验饲粮,试验期共49 d,旨在研究肉鸡饲粮中添加葛叶粉对其生长性能、血清生化、抗氧化和免疫指标的影响。结果表明:1)肉鸡饲粮中添加1%~3%葛叶粉对肉鸡平均日增重、平均日采食量和料肉比均无显著影响(P>0.05);2)添加2%、3%葛叶粉均能显著提高肉鸡血清白蛋白和低密度脂蛋白含量、降低甘油三酯含量和谷草转氨酶活性(P<0.05);添加3%葛叶粉还可提高肉鸡血清总蛋白含量,显著降低尿素氮、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白含量和谷丙转氨酶活性(P<0.05);3)添加1%~3%葛叶粉可显著提高肉鸡血清总抗氧化能力和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性(P<0.05)、添加3%葛叶粉可显著降低血清丙二醛含量(P<0.05);4)添加1%葛叶粉能显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量;添加2%葛叶粉显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白M含量、降低白细胞介素1β含量;添加3%葛叶粉显著提高肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白G和免疫球蛋白M含量、降低白细胞介素1β和白细胞介素2含量(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮中添加1%~3%葛叶粉对肉鸡生长性能无负面影响,能在一定程度上提高肉鸡抗氧化性能和免疫功能,有利于机体健康。葛叶粉可应用到肉鸡饲料中,添加3%效果更好。     

Effects of dietary Crotalaria pallida seeds on the health and performance of laying hens and evaluation of residues in eggs

The effect of three dietary concentrations of Crotalaria pallida (C. pallida) seeds (0, 1, 2, and 3% w/w) of their normal diet were investigated in commercial laying hens during a 35 day feeding trial. All concentrations of C. pallida decreased body weight and feed intake (P < 0.05). Egg mass production and average egg weight were decreased by feeding of ≥2% C. pallida seeds (P < 0.05). All concentrations of C. pallida increased relative lung weight and serum activity of ALT, AST and LDH (P < 0.05); 3% C. pallida seeds decreased liver weight (P < 0.05). Analysis of the C. pallida seeds for dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid content detected usaramine and its N-oxide at a total alkaloid concentration of 0.18% (dry weight). Usaramine was also detected in the eggs of all hens fed C. pallida seeds.     

辣木叶提取物与复合益生菌联用对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响

本试验旨在研究辣木叶提取物与复合益生菌联用对蛋鸭生产性能、蛋品质、抗氧化性能、脂质代谢及免疫功能的影响。选取25周龄金定蛋鸭500只,随机分成5组,每组5个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1~4组在基础饲粮中添加1.5 g/kg复合益生菌后,再分别添加0、1.0、1.5和2.0 g/kg的辣木叶提取物。预试期1周,正试期8周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验1组的平均蛋重和料蛋比显著降低(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验3和4组的产蛋率显著降低(P<0.05),试验3和4组的料蛋比显著增加(P<0.05),试验4组的平均蛋重显著增加(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验2、3和4组的蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05),试验2和3组的蛋黄颜色显著提高(P<0.05),试验4组的蛋壳厚度显著降低(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2、3和4组的蛋壳强度显著增加(P<0.05),试验2组的蛋黄颜色显著提高(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,各试验组血清和蛋黄丙二醛(MDA)含量显著降低(P<0.05),血清和蛋黄超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著增加(P<0.05);各试验组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性及试验2、3和4组蛋黄GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2和3组血清和蛋黄SOD活性显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组血清GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05),试验2、3和4组蛋黄GSH-Px活性显著增加(P<0.05)。4)与对照组相比,各试验组血清和蛋黄甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低(P<0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著增加(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验3组血清TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2、3和4组蛋黄TC含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验3组血清和蛋黄LDL-C含量显著降低(P<0.05),试验2和3组血清HDL-C含量显著升高(P<0.05)。5)与对照组相比,各试验组血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和十二指肠分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。与试验1组相比,试验2组血清IgG含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验3组血清IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05)。由此可见,单独使用复合益生菌能显著降低料蛋比,增强蛋鸭抗氧化性能,改善脂质代谢,提高免疫球蛋白分泌量;辣木叶提取物和复合益生菌联用则可显著增强蛋壳强度,且在增强蛋鸭抗氧化性能、改善脂质代谢和提高免疫球蛋白分泌量方面综合效果优于单独使用复合益生菌,其中以试验3组(1.5 g/kg复合益生菌+1.5 g/kg辣木叶提取物)效果较好。     

Antihyaluronidase action of ellagic acid effectively prevents polyspermy as a result of suppression of the acrosome reaction induced by sperm-zona interaction during in vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes

The present study was conducted to examine the effects of three tannin relatives (tannic acid, TA; gallic acid, GA; and ellagic acid, EA) on antihyaluronidase and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activity, in vitro fertilization (IVF) parameters, and the acrosome reaction (AR) induced by sperm-zona interaction. Among the three tannin relatives, TA and EA showed the strongest potency for blocking the hyaluronidase activity of boar sperm, with concentration-dependent inhibition over the range of 2-10 microg/ml. In contrast, ROSs were effectively scavenged by TA and GA, but not EA. When cumulus-free oocytes were inseminated in IVF medium containing 5 microg/ml of the tannin relatives, polyspermy was significantly reduced by TA and EA (32 and 29%, respectively) compared with oocytes treated with or without GA (51 and 69%, respectively) under conditions that maintained a high sperm penetration rate (P<0.05). Interestingly, induction of the AR by treatment of preincubated sperm with progesterone was blocked by TA and GA as a result of their higher levels of ROS scavenging activity, while EA, which possessed weak ROS scavenging activity, did not disturb induction of the AR with progesterone. However, the incidence of AR induced by sperm-zona interaction was significantly decreased by the strong antihyaluronidase actions of TA and EA compared with that in the absence of these compounds. Treatment with the compounds caused neither a protective proteolytic modification of the zona pellucida matrix before fertilization nor a reduction in acrosomal proteolytic activity or the number of zona-bound sperm. These findings suggest that the antihyaluronidase action of EA effectively prevents polyspermy by suppression of AR functionality induced by sperm-zona interaction and that hyaluronidase intervention is therefore required during porcine IVF.     

妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平对产后羔羊生长性能、器官发育和血清抗氧旨标的影响

本试验在干物质采食量一致条件下,改变精料补充料与饲草比例调控妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平,旨在研究其对产后羔羊生长性能、器官发育和血清抗氧化指标的影响.选用健康、年龄[(11.0±1.0)月龄]和体重[(44.43±2.20) kg]相近、妊娠90 d的怀双羔初产湖羊母羊66只,分为3组,每组22只.以干物质为基础按照精料补充料与饲草比例分别为5∶5(5∶5组)、4∶6(4∶6组)和3∶7(3∶7组)饲喂至产羔,产羔后各组母羊饲喂相同的全混合日粮,自由采食.出生10、60 d屠宰羔羊测定各组织器官重量,出生20、60 d采集羔羊血清测定血清抗氧化指标.结果表明:1)妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平对羔羊初生重、哺乳期(出生0～60 d)羔羊体重均无显著影响(P>0.05),但随营养水平降低,羔羊初生重有降低趋势(0.05≤P<0.10),出生40和50 d体重有增加趋势(0.05≤P<0.10).2)出生0d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊的胸深极显著提高(P<0.01),体斜长显著降低(P<0.05);出生60 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊的胸深、曲冠臀长显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01).3)出生10 d,羔羊的肝脏、肺脏的重量随妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低而显著降低(P<0.05);出生60 d,各组羔羊的组织器官重量差异不显著(P>0.05).4)出生20和60 d,随着妊娠后期母羊饲粮营养水平的降低,羔羊血清中总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)含量显著或极显著提高(P<0.05或P<0.01),丙二醛(MDA)含量极显著降低(P<0.01).妊娠后期通过精料补充料与饲草比例调控母羊饲粮营养水平时发现,低营养水平(低精料补充料比例)能够降低羔羊初生重,但经补偿生长作用,羔羊血清抗氧化能力得到提高,生长性能也得到恢复.     

The effect of Eucommia ulmoides leaf supplementation on the growth performance, blood and meat quality parameters in growing and finishing pigs

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Eucommia ulmoides leaf (EUL) supplementation on the growth performance, blood and meat quality parameters in growing and finishing pigs. Ninety gilts (L × LW × D, 20 kg initialBW) were housed 10 per pen in a front‐open building with three replicate pens per treatment. Experimental treatment was started from the beginning of the growing stage (20 ± 3 kg) by supplementing EUL at 0(C), 3(T1) and 5% (T2) to the growing and finishing diet. Pigs were slaughtered by electrical stunning at 105 ± 3 kg live weight. Average daily feed intake (ADFI, kg/day) decreased (P < 0.05) by addition of EUL in growth performance, average daily gain (ADG, kg/day) was lower (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than in C. In hematology, leukocytes (WBC, 10³/mm³) decreased (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than in C. Erythrocytes (RBC, 10⁶/mm³), hemoglobin (HGB, g/dL) and hematocrit (HCT, %) increased (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than in C. Platelet (PLT, 10³/mm³) was lower (P < 0.05) in T2 than in C and T1. In biochemical composition of serum, total protein (g/dL), r‐GTP (μ/L), total cholesterol (mg/dL) and triglycerides (mg/dL) were lower (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than in C. On longissimus dorsi muscle, crude protein was higher (P < 0.05) in T1 than in C. Crude ash was higher (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than in C. Yellow to blue color scale (CIE b*) in meat color was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in C. CIE b* in back fat color was higher (P < 0.05) in T2 than in the other treatments. In sensory evaluation scores for fresh meat, the values of meat color, fat color, drip loss and marbling were not significantly affected by addition of EUL. In cooked meat, the values of chewiness and overall acceptability were higher (P < 0.05) in T1 and T2 than in C. The results indicate that the addition of EUL affected growth performance, blood parameters and meat quality parameters in growing and finishing pigs.     

腹水综合征肉鸡氧自由基变化规律

利用自然病例，采取分组（对照组，轻度腹水综合征组和重度腹水综合征组）对比的方法，分别用硫代巴比妥酸法和羟胺法测定了肉鸡血清和主要组织（心脏、肝脏、肺脏、肾脏）丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD)活性。结果表明，与对照组肉鸡比较，轻度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量降低（P＜0．05）或显著降低（P＜0．01），SOD活性升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01）；而重度腹水综合征组肉鸡血清和主要组织MDA含量升高（P＜0．05）或显著升高（P＜0．01），SOD活性显著降低（P＜0．01）。间接证明了氧自由基和氧化损伤参与了肉鸡腹水综合征的病理过程，氧自由基产生水平与肉鸡腹水综合征病情的轻重有关。     

Non-invasive assessment of airway responsiveness in healthy and allergen-sensitised cats by use of barometric whole body plethysmography

This study aimed at determining whether airway responsiveness (AR) tests performed by use of barometric whole body plethysmography (BWBP) were repeatable in cats and to what extent AR was affected by the nebulization protocol used, the age of the animals, the inflammatory status of the airways and prior bronchodilator treatment. Repeatability of AR was tested on two occasions in 30 healthy cats. The concentration of carbachol inducing a 300% increase of the enhanced pause (Penh)--an estimator of airflow limitation--was calculated (C-Penh300) and did not differ significantly between the two tests (0.035+/-0.017% compared to 0.034+/-0.016%) and was significantly and positively correlated. The comparison between rapidly and slowly increasing carbachol concentrations was performed in ten healthy cats and showed a significantly lower C-Penh300 (%) when slowly increasing concentrations were used (0.037+/-0.013% compared to 0.039+/-0.015%, P<0.05). A significant age-related increase of C-Penh300 was evidenced by performing AR tests in 15 healthy cats at 12, 18, 24 and 30 months (12 months: 0.026+/-0.008%, 18 months: 0.031+/-0.009%, 24 months: 0.038+/-0.01%, 30 months: 0.043+/-0.014%, P<0.05). C-Penh300 significantly decreased in 12 Ascaris suum-sensitised cats after allergen exposure (0.026+/-0.016% compared to 0.033+/-0.016%, P<0.05) and was negatively correlated with the granulocyte percentage of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (r=-0.36, P<0.01). Compared with a placebo inhalation, pre-treatment with inhaled salbutamol significantly increased C-Penh300 in four healthy cats (0.093+/-0.021% compared to 0.036+/-0.004%, P<0.05). This study provides evidence that AR determination by use of BWBP is promising as non-invasive indicator of lower airway inflammation or for monitoring response to bronchodilator treatment.