合理开发利用草地资源 促进草地畜牧业持续发展

本文概述了认识西藏草地畜牧业的重要地位和西藏草地资源与草地畜牧业现状，分析了西藏草地畜牧业发展的制约因素，并提出了如何合理开发利用草地资源，促进草地畜牧业持续发展的对策措施：加强领导，增加投入，增强草地畜牧业基础设施建设；进一步做好草地综合治理与合理开发利用工作；实行畜群结构调整，在畜产品加工上下功夫；依靠科技促进草地畜牧业持续发展。     

人工草地在西藏的地位与发展前景

阐述了西藏草地利用发展现状及人工草地在畜牧业可持续发展中的地位,指出加快人工草地建设是解决西藏高寒牧区冷季缺草和农区畜牧业发展,确保西藏畜牧业生产稳定持续增长的关键措施。     

人工草地在西藏的地位与发展前景

阐述了西藏草地利用发展现状及人工草地在畜牧业可持续发展中的地位，指出加快人工草地建设是解决西藏高寒牧区冷季缺草和农区畜牧业发展，确保西藏畜牧业生产稳定持续增长的关键措施。     

西藏草地畜牧业现状分析及可持续发展途径

通过对西藏草地资源及草地畜牧业现状的分析，探讨了适合西藏草地畜牧业可持续发展的途径。     

西藏草地畜牧业发展战略的调整

传统的西藏草地畜牧业都是靠天养畜,对原有的草地过度利用,而对保护和建设工作没有重视.当今牧区人口和牲畜数量与日俱增,从而出现草地超载过牧的情况,已经不堪重负,从而导致生产力大幅度下降,并且草地沙化情况较为明显,连年的鼠虫害、雪灾等受灾面积也在不断增加.基于此,文章首先分析西藏草地畜牧业发展的限制因素,提出西藏草地畜牧业发展站撸的调整策略,以期可以为改善我国西藏畜牧业发展状态提供参考.     

浅析西藏草地资源的利用与建设

西藏自治区是全国五大牧区之一,草地资源丰富,草地畜牧业历史悠久而独具特色.加强草地保护和建设,合理利用草地,确保草地永续利用对促进草地畜牧业向稳定、高效、优质、高产方向发展,繁荣西藏经济具有重要意义.笔者通过对西藏草地资源的特点及利用现状的分析,阐述了对西藏草地利用与建设的拙见.     

西藏自治区人工草地发展现状分析

畜牧业的发展离不开草地,现代畜牧业的发展则离不开人工草地。畜牧业是西藏自治区支柱产业之一,但天然草地面临超载过牧、退化沙化、生物量低、与家畜时空分布不平衡等问题,限制当地畜牧业的发展。人工草地由于增加了劳动、技术、资金要素的投入,使牧草产量增加,品质提高,缓解了高寒牧区牧草时空分布不平衡问题,是促进西藏畜牧业发展的重要途径。本文从西藏人工草地发展历史出发,系统归纳西藏人工草地的面积变化、产量情况和栽培牧草品种,分析了限制西藏发展人工草地的问题,并针对这些问题提出了对策建议,以期为西藏畜牧业发展提供支持。     

浅析西藏草地资源的利用与建设

西藏自治区是全国五大牧区之一,草地资源丰富,草地畜牧业历史悠久而独具特色。加强草地保护和建设,合理利用草地,确保草地永续利用对促进草地畜牧业向稳定、高效、优质、高产方向发展,繁荣西藏经济具有重要意义。笔者通过对西藏草地资源的特点及利用现状的分析,阐述了对西藏草地利用与建设的拙见。     

西藏草地畜牧业现代化的现状与问题研究

经过实际调研和分析,对西藏草地畜牧业现代化的过程和现状作了概述性的介绍。同时,提出传统草地畜牧业必须向现代畜牧业转变,才能实现农牧区全面小康和跨越式发展,并对西藏草地畜牧业现代化过程中遇到的问题进行了详细的分析。     

科技是西藏草地畜牧业可持续发展的关键

西藏草地畜牧业资源丰富，发展畜牧业潜力很大。但由于人才匮乏，特别是科学技术人才缺乏，科技措施不配套，生产方式落后，加之长期忽视畜禽品种改良，畜禽生产水平低，系统效益不高等问题，制约了西藏草地畜牧业的发展。因此，加快西藏科技畜牧业可持续发展，让广大农牧民增收致富及实现草地畜牧业可持续发展，必须重视科技的投入。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …