单胃动物小肽的吸收研究进展

由于小肽是一种重要的营养素，文中主要对小肽的提出、小肽的来源、小肽的吸收部位、小肽的吸收机制、小肽的吸收特点及影响小肽吸收的因素作了综述。     

反刍动物小肽吸收与利用研究进展

反刍动物是以小肽吸收为主要形式的，这是由于反刍动物存在肽的非肠系膜吸收系统。本文从反刍动物对小肽的吸收途径、吸收机制、反刍动物对小肽的利用以：及影响小肽吸收利用的因素加以论述。     

小肽在动物营养中的应用

小肽是蛋白质降解为氨基酸过程中的中间产物,是动物蛋白质营养中的重要物质;小肽的吸收部位除小肠外,还有瘤胃、瓣胃等;小肽的转运机制与氨基酸明显不同;小肽吸收具有耗能低、速度快、载体不易饱和等优点,小肽吸收具有降低游离氨基酸间的吸收竞争、促进氨基酸(除蛋氨酸外)的吸收等作用;小肽还能促进蛋白质的合成和矿物质元素的吸收代谢。蛋白质的种类、消化酶的活性、小肽本身的性质都会影响小肽的释放、吸收及代谢。     

小肽的营养研究进展

从动物对小肽的吸收机制、小肽的营养价值、小肽的生理活性和影响小肽吸收利用的因素加以论述,并提出对小肽吸收、转运、代谢机理和生理意义不清楚的地方尚需更深入的研究。     

小肽在动物营养中的应用与研究进展

蛋白质水解产物中的小肽具有明显的吸收优势，小肽完整被吸收的理论对传统的蛋白质吸收理论可能既是补充也是完善。国内外对小肽已进行了不少研究，本就小肽的吸收机制、营养作用及影响小肽释放、吸收的因素作一综述。     

小肽的吸收机制及在动物生产中的应用研究

小肽是动物消化蛋白质过程中的中间产物，它能在动物胃肠内被完整的吸收。文章综述了小肽的吸收机制、吸收特点、影响小肽释放和吸收的因素及小肽在动物生产中的应用效果。     

小肽在反刍动物中的应用

本文对小肽的营养,反刍动物对小肽的吸收途径、吸收机制及其对小肽的利用,小肽对奶牛生产性能的影响进行综述。     

小肽的吸收机制与营养价值研究进展

小肽是蛋白质的主要消化产物,在氨基酸的消化、吸收和代谢中起着非常重要的作用。文章就小肽在单胃动物和反刍动物的吸收机制、小肽的营养作用和影响小肽吸收的因素以及小肽在蛋白质代谢中的作用分别加以综述。     

小肽吸收机制研究进展

小肽作为蛋白质的消化产物,在氨基酸的消化、吸收和代谢中起着重要作用。小肽与游离氨基酸的吸收是两个相互独立的转运系统,与游离氨基酸相比,小肽具有吸收速度快、耗能低、不易饱和,且各种肽之间转运无竞争性与抑制性等特点。本文综述了小肽在单胃和反刍动物体内的转运机制的特点,介绍了小肽转运载体(Peptidestransporter)分子生物学特性和其转运肽的过程.分析了对小肽吸收的影响因素。     

小肽的吸收机制与营养研究进展

近些年来的试验研究证明,小肽是蛋白质的主要消化产物,在氨基酸的消化、吸收和代谢中起着非常重要的作用。文章就小肽在单胃动物和反刍动物的吸收机制、小肽的营养作用和影响小肽吸收的因素以及小肽在蛋白质代谢中的作用分别加以综述。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.