马刻板行为调查及咽气马的行为生理学评价

为了解马刻板行为的现状,对新疆2个集约化马场和1个俱乐部的马的刻板行为进行问卷调查,并视频监测8匹咽气马和8匹正常马,区分咽气行为、警觉行为及躺卧行为,测定了血液生理生化指标。结果从马刻板行为问卷调查发现:调查的176 264匹马,主要有咽气癖、啃癖、摇头、转圈和咬癖等5种刻板行为,其发生率分别为3.44%、4.10%、0.7%、1.03%和0.34%。咽气行为监测发现,咽气癖平均发生频次为(181±3.49)次,每次耗时约(2.33±0.02)s。采食期间(10:00—12:00)咽气行为显著高于其他时间点(P0.05)。与正常马相比咽气马的警觉行为发生频率显著降低,且白天降低程度显著高于夜晚(P0.05)。在8:00—23:00之间正常马和咽气马的心跳、体温、呼吸无显著性差异(P0.05)。咽气马的血液尿素氮(UREA)含量极显著低于正常马(P0.01),其他指标均无差异。咽气马的β-内啡肽(β-EP)水平极显著低于正常马(P0.01),而其余激素指标均差异不显著。结论:咽气马的警觉性降低,进食期间咽气行为多发,β-内啡肽降低。     

规模化猪场猪咬尾癖防制

本病是不良刺激或高度密集饲养、长途运输后饮水不足、营养不平衡等引发的一种非特异性应答反应。     

山鸡啄癖症的原因及防制措施

啄癖症又称异食癖，根据啄食的对象不同可分为啄羽癖、啄肛癖、吸蛋癖、啄趾癖及啄食其他异物的异食癖等。     

鸡的啄癖及其防制

鸡的啄癖及其防制缪福康（浙江省绍兴市越城区畜牧兽医站３１２０００）鸡的啄癖是养鸡业的一大危害，直接影响养鸡生产的经济效益。本文就其发生的原因、表现以及防制办法进行一些介绍，供养鸡专业户参考。１啄癖的表现及其危害啄癖是指鸡只反常的、有害的相互追啄的癖好...     

雉鸡啄癖的防制措施

啄癖又称“异嗜癖”,是鸡啄肛、啄羽、啄趾等恶癖的总称。雉鸡经过长期驯化转入家养,但尚未完全改变其野性,争强好斗,喜欢啄食异物,因此这种恶癖要比在家鸡群中流行更广。一旦发生,很难制止。如果放任不管,会造成雉鸡大量损伤和死亡。给养殖场(户)造成巨大的经济损失。笔者从事雉鸡养殖和教学工     

猪发生咬癖的原因及其对策

规模猪场咬尾、咬耳现象逐渐增加，特别是在早期断奶的猪群中发生的最多，育肥猪群中也偶有发生，一旦发生很难控制，严重影响猪的健康和生产性能。     

鸡啄癖的原因及其防制措施

1引起鸡啄癖的原因1.1饲养管理方面①鸡群密度过大,舍内和运动场都很拥挤,没有栖架、沙坑等游嬉条件,也没有垫草,鸡终日闲极无聊,这种情况在比较大的雏鸡和青年鸡中很容易引起啄癖。②夜晚鸡舍内灯光太强,引起鸡异常兴奋,不能睡眠休息,烦躁不安,有时会引起啄癖。③散养成年母鸡     

猪咬癖症发生的原因及防制

猪咬癖症是指猪相互啃咬为特征的一种恶癖。随着农村养猪业向规模化、集约化发展，猪群发生咬癖症现象较为多见，特别是50k以下猪群发生较为严重，给养猪业带来一定的危害。     

鹅啄癖发生的原因与防制措施

鹅啄食癖也称“异食癖”或“异嗜癖”，啄癖多见于鸡，但随着集约化养鹅的出现，饲养方式的改变，鹅啄癖的发生越来越多，给养鹅业带来一定经济损失。正确分析鹅啄癖发生的原因，采取相应有效措施，可使经济损失降到最低程度。     

鸡啄癖的发病原因及防制措施

从饲养管理、营养、疾病防控等方面简述了鸡啄癖的发病原因并提出了相应的防制措施。     

马产业及其转型优势

随着社会经济的发展,马业已从传统马业转变成集赛马、休闲骑乘、马术等于一体的第三产业.发达国家已基本完成马产业的转型,我国还处于转型初期.马匹质量差、育种水平低、资金不足、关注度不够成为阻碍我国马业发展的主要因素.充分利用我国马业优势,积极借鉴发达国家经验,发展具有中国特色的马产业,是我国马业由传统马业转变成现代马业的重中之重.     

利用微卫星标记对蒙古马和纯血马遗传多样性的研究

通过13个微卫星座位对蒙古马和纯血马两大品种的60匹马进行了遗传检测。用8％非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离PCR扩增产物，并用银染法显色。通过软件计算了各微卫星座位的等位基因频率、有效等位基因数(Ne)、多态信息含量(PIC)和杂合度(H)。结果13个座位中UCDEQ440变异最大，TKY16变异最小；纯血马的Ne、PIC和H的平均值均稍高于蒙古马；总群体的平均遗传分化系数是0．0429。这些研究将为今后我国培育优良品种马提供思路。     

紫参治疗牛马疾病的本草考证

紫参是较早明确用于治疗牛马疾病的药物之一。本草典籍和中兽医著作记述以及现代药理分析对我们了解紫参治疗牛马疾病的发展演变情况,以及丰富动物医学史的研究内容和今后选择临床用药提供了帮助。     

马性格行为的测试方法及相关候选基因研究进展

以运动型马为需求的马品种改良工作推进了现代马品种的培育与发展。在现代马训练中,驯马师和骑手与马的和谐配合至关重要,是马术精彩表演和取得优异成绩的技术保障。对马性格行为测试方法及候选基因研究进展进行综述,旨在为现代马业蓬勃发展提供借鉴。     

马科学研究动态和马业发展

马业是历史悠久的产业．分布于世界各地，世界马业的发展方向是现代马业，以赛马为代表。综述了马的遗传改良、营养研究、繁殖技术、疾病控制等方面的研究动态．对马业的发展趋势，以及马匹的调教、管理等方面作了综合的阐述。     

一例马外伤的中药治疗

对一匹因长途运输而造成马匹的外伤引起化脓性创口,用抗生素治疗效果不好,且伤口有继续恶化趋势,用中药透脓散拌料方法进行治疗。经过2个月治疗,病马状态恢复正常,预后良好。实践证明,中药透脓散对马匹外伤治疗有较好的效果,为今后马匹外伤的治疗提供参考。     

Treatment and resolution of zilpaterol hydrochloride toxicity in a Quarter Horse gelding

Zilpaterol hydrochloride is a β‐2 agonist utilised as a repartitioning agent in cattle. In recent years, it has also been used illicitly among human athletes and body builders, and administered to racehorses. While there are numerous anecdotal reports of the effects of zilpaterol in horses, this is the first documented clinical case of equine zilpaterol toxicity. The horse presented with marked tachycardia, profuse sweating and generalised muscle fasciculations. Ultimately, treatment was initiated with propranolol and the horse made a complete recovery.     

Exploring lay perceptions of the causes of crib‐biting/windsucking behaviour in horses

Reasons for performing study: Crib‐biting/windsucking behaviour has important consequences for equine health and welfare. Lay perceptions of health and illness are of interest to medical sociologists, providing important information to medical practitioners, but have infrequently been applied in veterinary research. Objectives: To demonstrate how lay epidemiology can be applied within veterinary research by exploring the lay perceptions regarding the causes of crib‐biting/windsucking behaviour in horses. Methods: Informants were recruited from professional and amateur horse owners who had or had not owned/cared for a horse that exhibited crib‐biting/windsucking behaviour. In‐depth interviews were used to examine perceptions about the development of this behaviour within each group until a ‘saturation’ of themes emerged. Results: The main themes that emerged as causes of crib‐biting/windsucking behaviour were ‘boredom’, ‘stress’ and ‘habit/addiction’. In the group of owners/carers who did not have direct experience of this type of behaviour, ‘copying’ from other horses emerged as a strong theme and they stated that they would not wish to own a crib‐biting/windsucking horse. In contrast, those who had direct experience of horses demonstrating this behaviour did not believe copying was a cause based on their own observations and would not be put off purchasing or caring for another horse displaying this behaviour. Conclusions: Perceptions about what causes crib‐biting/windsucking was influenced by whether or not informants had personal experience of horses demonstrating this behaviour. The three main themes that emerged have some justification based on current research and highlight the need for further investigation into the underlying pathophysiology of crib‐biting/windsucking behaviour. Potential relevance: Qualitative approaches to health, disease and behaviour have an important role in the medical field and are applicable to veterinary research.     

马子宫角低剂量人工授精试验研究

文章旨在验证马子宫角低剂量浓缩细管精液人工输精方法的可行性。采用直肠触摸检查卵巢的方式确定卵泡的发育状况和榆精时间,直肠把握低剂量浓缩细管鲜精子宫角输精,排卵后6h内按同样方法再追精一次。结果表明：此次试验参配母马26匹,平均每匹输精2．1次,每次平均输精2．4mL,其中18匹马受胎,情期受胎率69．23％。结论：在准确掌握母马卵巢发育水平的前提下,马子宫角低剂量浓缩细管精液人工输精技术上完全可行,在生产上具有较高推广价值。     

Spontaneous bilateral ankylosis of the carpometacarpal joint in a Paint Horse

An 8‐year‐old Paint Horse gelding was evaluated for a persistent left forelimb lameness (grade 4/5), with a hard swelling at the dorsomedial aspect of the carpometacarpal joint, due to osteoarthritis. Previous systemic and local anti‐inflammatory therapy had only a temporary effect. Partial carpal arthrodesis was suggested, but the owner elected for conservative treatment. The horse was confined to a small paddock and received phytotherapeutic supplementation with Harpagophytum procumbens. The lameness gradually resolved but a similar hard swelling developed on the right carpus. Radiographic follow‐up 1.5 years later revealed a spontaneous bilateral ankylosis of the carpometacarpal joint.